AP Euro Chapters 15-17 Review Questions

The Russian tsars saw themselves as the heirs to the greatness of the ancient Roman Empire, passed down through which other empire?

Byzantine empire

The baroque style flourished in the context of the __________ and absolutism

Catholic Reformation

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640 that would lead to Civil War?

Charles I imposed unwelcome laws, reforms, and taxed on the country

The most political power in the Dutch republic was

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen (dominated the provincial gov'ts; very decentralized power structure)

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

Empiricism

who would most likely support the following quotation about government? "The state of monarchy is the supremist thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods... Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a... divine power upon earth..."

James Stuart (divine right absolute monarch)

How did th Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end (end of the age of religious wars)

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the 17th century?

Military schools increasingly educated a new noble class of army officers obedient to the king

The absolutist tradition that has epitomized Russian leadership during the reign of the czars has been linked to their two-hundred-year period of rule under the

Mongols

Which country, with a proud commitment to republican rule and religious tolerance, served as a haven for many Enlightenment writers to write tracts and denounce intolerance and absolutist rule from abroad?

Netherlands

For most enlightenment thinkers, nothing was to be accepted on faith; everything was to be submitted to __________, a secular, critical way of thinking.

Rationalism

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment?

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that

The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens