AP Euro Final Review
In the mid 15th century, ___________ revived the French monarchy -Francis I -Louis X -Charles V -Louis XIV -Charles VII
Charles VII
The 1685, ____________ set the parameters of slavery and defined the right of free people of color -Code Francios -Code noir -Code Saint-Domingue -Code finale
Code noir
In 1521, Charles Vordered Luther to appear before the -Tribunal of Holy Office -Diet of Worms -Diet of Wittenburg -Council of Augsburg
Diet of Worms
The Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare that initially targeted the -American colonists -Dutch -Spanish -French
Dutch
The primary instrument of Dutch overseas imperialism was the -Bank of Amsterdam -States General -Dutch East Indian Company -Company for Trade and Exploitation of the East
Dutch East Indian Company
The state that gained the most from the War of the Spanish Succession was -Prussia -France -Spain -England
England
All of the following were among the Italian powers that dominated the peninsula EXCEPT -Ferara -the Papal States -Florence -Naples -Venice
Ferara
In the 15th century, __________ took the lead in all forms of art -Florence -Milan -Siena -Pisa -Venice
Florence
The first artistic and literary manifestation of the Italian Renaissance appeared in -Sienna -Rome -Florence -Venice -Naples
Florence
The Concordat of Bologna redefined the relationship between -priests and the laity -the Holy Roman Emperor and the German princes -France and the papacy -France and Spain
France and the papacy
Portugal's participation in Europe an expansion was given critical support by Prince -Philip -Henry -Juan -Mark
Henry
In 1598, __________ issued the Edict of Nantes -Henry IV -Francis I -Philip I -Pope Paul III
Henry IV
The treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the -Thirty Years' War -Hubsburg-Valois Wars -War of Roses -War of the Spanish Succession
Hubsburg-Valois Wars
French Calvinists were known as -Huguenots -Anabaptists -Bartholomews -Frondese
Huguenots
Which of the following was not one of the outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht? -It completed the decline of Spain as a great power -It gave the Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands -It ended French expansionist policy -It vastly expanded the British Empire
It gave the Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands
The center of the struggle between the French crown and the Huguenots in 1627 was -Languedoc -La Rochelle -Nantes -Amiens
La Rochelle
________________'s mistress, Madame de Pompadour exercised tremendous influence over the arts -Louis XII -Louis XIV -Louis XIII -Louis XV
Louis XV
Which of the following occurred first? -France signs the Treaty of Amiens with Britain -Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain form the Quadruple Alliance -Napoleon overthrows the Directory -Britain defeats France at the Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon overthrows the Directory
During the Hundred Days -the Reign of Terror executed 30,000 people -the National Assembly wrote France's first constitution -Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly -the sans-culottes committed the September Massacres
Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly
All of the following were achievements of the state in the 17th century EXCEPT -New state religions -growth in armed forces -greater taxation -larger more efficient bureaucracies
New state religions
By 1500, ________ controlled the flow of African gold to Europe -Spain -Portugal -Venice -England
Portugal
The European kingdom that took the lead in overseas exploration was -Spain -England -Portugal -France
Portugal
Between 1500 and 1600, the ________________ were the major European players in the Indian Ocean Trade -British -French -Portuguese -Spanish
Portuguese
Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century? -Prussia, Russia, and Austria -The Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Prussia -Sweden, Prussia, and Russia -Italy, Austria, and Russia
Prussia, Russia, and Austria
________ put an end to Catherine the Great's intention to reform Russian serfdom -The Seven Year's War -The War of the Spanish Succession -Pugachev's rebellion -The Great Northern War
Pugachev's rebellion
The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were Francis Bacon and -Isaac Newton -Johannes Kepler -Rene Descartes -Nicolaus Copernicus
Rene Descartes
_______ reduced all substances to matter and mind -Marquis de Condorcet -Madame de chatelet -Rene Descartes -David Hume
Rene Descartes
By 1800, ____________________________ had the largest population in Europe -Russia -France -Spain -Italy
Russia
Napoleon's invasion of ______________ began in June 1812. -Russia -Britain -Prussia -Italy
Russia
The ________ named Columbus viceroy of any territory he might discover and gave him one-tenth of the material rewards of the journey -Patent of Castille -Santa Fe Capitulations -Treaty of Tordesillas -Monopolio of Espana
Santa Fe Capitulations
Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the eighteenth century -Law -Science -Mysticism -History
Science
The treaty of Tordesillas divided the non-European world between -Spain and France -Spain and Portugal -Portugal and Venice -France, Portugal, and England
Spain and Portugal
Between 1635 and 1659, the French army increased by approximately how many times? -Two -One hundred -Ten -Twenty
Ten
A new religious order for women that emerged in the 16th century was the -Ursuline Order -Colloguy of Marburg -Society of Jesus -Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office
Ursuline Order
In 1497, _________ sailed around Africa and across the Arabian Sea to Calicut in India -Vasco Nunez de Balboa -Ferdinand Megellan -Vasco de Gama -Francisco Pizarro
Vasco de Gama
The "Index" was -Luther's commentaries on the Scriptures -a list of individuals condemned by the Roman Inquisition -a list of official doctorines of the Catholic Church -a catalog of forbidden reading
a catalog of forbidden reading
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre led to -a new spirit of cooperation between Protestants and Catholics -a lengthy civil war -the end of Protestant power in France -an international peace conference
a lengthy civil war
Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through -election by the boyars -inheritance of the throne from her mother Elizabeth -an invitation from the Russian senate to rule -a military coup
a military coup
The grievance petitions from all three Estates called for all of the following except -a constitutional monarchy -the guarantee by law of individual liberties -economic reforms -an American-style republic
an American-style republic
The policies and actions of Frederick William I were based on his belief that the welfare for the king and state depended on the -agarian economy -army -nobliity -bureacracy
army
The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges -was rejected by the Austrain nobility -gave German princes the right to determine the religion of their subjects -sparked a new round in the Habsburg-Vabis Wars -asserted the rights of the French crown over the French church
asserted the rights of the French crown over the French church
The __________ was used to determine the altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies -solar protractor -aliethieometer -magnetic compass -astrolabe
astrolabe
The ____________________ system was meant to exclude British goods from the continent -French -continental -exculsion -blockade
continental
Political power in the Dutch republic was -held by the stadholder and his royal courtiers -exercised by a democratically elected States General -monopolized by members of the Calvinist Consistory -controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants
controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants
The administration of justice in Eastern Europe generally was -controlled by local landlords -the business of village headmen -the basis of the monarch's reforms -relegated to the local clergy
controlled by local landlords
Spanish Jews and Muslims that converted to Christianity were known as -hermanadors -conquistas -conversos -apostates -medio Christans
conversos
Colbert's contributions to the economy of France included all of the following except -increasing the number of female workers -establishing new industries and colonial ventures -creating a national bank -creating a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods
creating a national bank
Friedrich List was an early proponent of -working-class unions -economic liberalism -state ownership of the economy -economic nationalism
economic nationalism
Jethro Tull's contributions to English agriculture were the product of -empirical research -deductive reasoning -speculative reasoning -university study
empirical research
The Authorized Version of the Bible reflected the efforts of the Anglicans and Puritans to -encourage the laity to read the Bible -unite their churches -identify themselves with the English throne -stamp out Catholicism
encourage the laity to read the Bible
Montaigne is credited with inventing the -pamphlet -essay -symphony -sonnet
essay
Shakespeare's history plays, such as Richard II, -exalt the English nation -were usually set in Italy -glorify the classical ideal -were very unpopular at the time
exalt the English nation
The ___________ marked the advent of the second revolution -women's march on Versailles -fall of the monarchy -Declaration of Vienna -Tennis Court Oath
fall of the monarchy
Most early industrialists drew on __________ for labor and capital -national banks -government loans -the investing public -family and friends
family and friends
The spark that caused the English Glorious Revolution was the -fear of a Catholic dynasty being established by James II -economic dislocation from the civil war -1640 uprising in England -defeat suffered in the War of the Spanish Succission
fear of a Catholic dynasty being established by James II
Railroad construction on the continent -was generally the work of private entrepreneurs -generally followed the British pattern -featured varying degrees of government involvement -was actually ahead of British railroad construction
featured varying degrees of government involvement
The Tridentine decree Tametsi stipulated that -for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest -bishops had to live in their won dioceses -each disocese had to establish a siminary -the sale of indulgences was illegal
for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest
All of the following were crises of the 17th century EXCEPT -foreign invasion -war -pressure of government -climate religious divides
foreign invasion
The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except -promoting schools -abolishing the torture of prisoners -freeing the Prussian serf -permitting scholars wide latitude to publish what they wished
freeing the Prussian serfs
The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships, and they also -gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies -restricted English banks from making foreign loans -prevented the American colonists from building ships -created an alliance with the Dutch against the French
gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies
Mercantilist theory postulated that -government should not interfere in the economy -free trade would maximize the wealth of all nations -government should intervene to secure the largest share of limited resources -overseas colonies were an unwanted drain of valuable gold bullion
government should intervene to secure the largest share of limited resources
For ordinary women, the Renaissance -had very little impact -opened up access to new livelihoods -worsened he status -allowed them access to education for the first time -improved the material conditions of their lives
had very little impact
Luther saw the ______ as the special domain of women -pulpit -home -convent -church -public market
home
Scholarly statistical studies of the condition of members of the British working class indicate that -improvement did not come until after 1820 -only skilled workers enjoyed improvements in their standard of living -the standard of living for British workers deteriorated throughout the nineteenth century -the Industrial Revolution made little difference in the living standards of the working class
improvement did not come until after 1820
The doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following principles EXCEPT belief -in salvation by faith alone -that time in purgatory could be replaced with indulgences -that Christ and the saints established a treasury of merits -that the church has the authority to grant sinners access to the treasury of merits
in salvation by faith alone
The American Revolution had its immediate origins in struggles over -religious tolerance -increased taxes -the definition of freedom -political theory
increased taxes
In the later 15th century, ____________ took the lead in the sponsorship of art -ordinary people -individuals and oligarchy -nation-states -guilds -city councils
individuals and oligarchs
In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on -bread subsidies for the poor -the military -interest payments on the debt -the royal court
interest payments on the debt
The French financial system under Louis XIV had all of the following weaknesses except -noble immunity from taxation -lack of direction in state financial and economic policy under the incometent Colbert -many middle-class tax exemptions -high military expenditures
lack of direction in state financial and economic policy under the incompetent Colbert
The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily -san-culottes -lawyers and government officials -provincial nobles -wealthy peasants
lawyers and government officials
The Factory Act of 1833 -established lower pay scales for children under sixteen -limited the workday for children between nine and thirteen to eight hours a day -limited the workday for children under sixteen to eight hours a day -outlawed employment for children under thirteen
limited the workday for children between nine and thirteen to eight hours a day
In the early Renaissance Italy, art -was produced for art's sake -manifested corporate power -did not depict living people -was seen as subversive by the church -was commissioned by nobles and nobles only
manifested corporate power
The group of people who benefited the most from large price increases in the 16th century was the -urban working class -middle class -upper-level clergy -Spanish bureaucracy
middle class
The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was -the establishment of a first rate bureaucracy -the abolition of the Brandenburg Estates -molding the most militaristic country of modern time -his decision to transform the peasants into serfs
molding the most militaristic country of modern time
The importance of liberty of Eastern European towns were undermined, in large part, by -the enserfement of the peasants -nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalist -the creation of royal monopolies on trade -the depopulation resulting from the Black Death
nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists
At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were -off the coast of Asia -the site of the garden of Eden -part of a new continent -settled by a civilization of vast wealth and sophistication
off the coast of Asia
Juan de Pareja was a/an -physician -sculptor -painter -playwright
painter
According to the text, the string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-1794 was largely due to -patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft -superior French technology and tactics -Austria's withdrawl from the First Coalition -French control of the seas
patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that -population pressure would always force wages down to subsistence levels -the standard of living was a reflection of industrial capacity -population always grew faster than the food supply -Methodism was a key factor in keeping the working class from revolting
population always grew faster than the food supply
Copernicus's theory of the universe -postulated a sun-centered view of the universe -destroyed the distinction between earthly and heavenly worlds -used epicycles to explain planetary motion -strengthened the Ptolemaic theory of the universe
postulated a sun-centered view of the universe
The Edict of Nantes was intended to -establish a permanent policy of toleration -create an absolute separation of church and state -promote temporary religious and civil concord -diminish the importance of Protestants in France
promote temporary religious and civil concord
The leaders of the Catholic Church -ignored the Renaissance -came to believe that the Renaissance had caused the Reformation -readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art -used Renaissance ideas to promote moral reform -attempted to crush the secularism of the Renaissance
readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art
To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa -established a bank to make loans to peasants on easy terms -regulated the church more closely -ordered the adoption of scientific farming techniques -reduced nobles' power over their serfs
reduced nobles' power over their serfs
The English Navigation Act of 1651 -set high tariffs on imports to England -required that English goods be transported on English ships -repealed all taxes on wool exported from England -provided direct subsidies to the English shipbuilding industry
required that English goods be transported on English ships
The dissolution of the English monasteries -resulted in a more equitable distribution of land -resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth -deeply disturbed the English upper classes -was the result of rebellious activities by the monks -was reversed by Elizabeth I
resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
The Genevan Consistory -included Calvinist, Lutheran, Zwinglian representatives -attempted to suppress Calvinism -regulated the behavior of Genevans in a manner consistent with other European cities -severely regulated the conduct of Genevans -routinely harbored religious dissenters from around Europe
severely regulated the conduct of Genevans
The Catholic Reformation, begun before 1517, -was ineffectual -sought to reform the liturgy of the Catholic Church -sought to stimulate a new spiritual fevor -sought to restore the conciliar movement
sought to stimulate a new spiritual fevor
Dutch commercial activities in Indonesia centered on -coffee -spices -silk -gold and silver
spices
The pragmatic Sanction issued by Charles VI in 1713 -established an alliance with Russia -granted religious rights to non-catholics -stated that Hasburg lands were never to be divided -revoked the feudal rights of the Austrian nobility
stated that Hasburg lands were never to be divided
The importation of African slaves to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was most closely tied to the cultivation of -wheat -sugar -cotton -rice
sugar
Prince Henry of Portugal is significant for his -opposition to slavery -rounding the Cape of good Hope -support of the Protestants in the 30 Years' War -support of exploration
support of exploration
The first modern factories arose in the -railroad industry -munitions industry -chemical industry -textile industry
textile industry
In the Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that -the class consciousness of the working class would lead to social revolution -the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery" -the working class was itself responsible for most of the problems its members faced -in general, the living conditions of the working class were slowly improving
the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"
Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in -the Netherlands and Switzerland -England and Scotland -Spain and Italy -France
the Netherlands and Switzerland
The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following EXCEPT -establishment of a standing army -curtailing the power of the nobility -the abolition of serfdom -introduction of permanent taxation without consent
the abolition of serfdom
All of the following were causes of the scientific revolution except -the contributions of medieval universities -the active support of the papacy -the recovery of classical scholarship during the Renaissance -the challenges of navigation during long sea voyages
the active support of the papacy
Luther believed that the church consisted of -the entire body of clergy -the elect -all those who supported his views -the entire community of Christian believers
the entire community of Christian believers
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that -Parliament ruled by divine right -a limited, constitutional monarchy was possible only in England -kings ruled by divine right -the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war
the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war
The term Jacobean refers to -the Jacobites and their followers -the reign of James I of England -a political and literary club -a troupe of actors and playwrights
the reign of James I of England
The subjugation of the Italian peninsula by outside invaders was -the result of a papal invitation to the French king to intervene -the product of the invaders' overwhelming superiority -the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense -inevitable -the result of the economic collapse of Italy
the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense
Abbe Sieyes's answer to the question "what is the Third Estate?" was that it was -a parasitic class that robbed the peasantry and artisans of the just fruits of their labor -the business and professional elite -the true strength of the French nation -those who adhered to liberalism
the true strength of the French nation
The invention of movable type led to all of the following EXCEPT -the use of government propaganda -the creation of invisible publics of silent readers -the use of French as the language of polite society -increase literacy -the inculcation of national loyalties
the use of French as the language of polite society
All of the following played a role in the erosion of French absolutism except the -inattentiveness of Louis XV -theories of Charles Montesquieu -assertion of the Parlement of Paris that the king needed consent of the Parlement to levy taxes -political resurgence of the nobility
theories of Charles Montesquieu
All of the following were true of the French clergy on the eve of the French Revolution except -there were about 100,000 of them -they were under the complete control of the papacy -they paid only a voluntary gift, rather than regular taxes -they levied a tax on landowners
they were under the complete control of the papacy
According to Calvin, the elect were -all Protestants -the intellectual leaders of the Reformation -those individuals chosen for salvation -the leaders of the Genevan Consistory -the elected ministers of the church
those individuals chosen for salvation
A constant shortage of ____________ drove the work of many early industrial inventors -coal -thread -labor -wool
thread
In the "defenestration of Prague," agents of the Catholic king of Bohemia were -forced to convert the Lutheranism -stripped daked and forced out the doors -sold as slaves to the Ottomans -thrown out of windows
thrown out of windows
Rich individuals sponsored artists and works of art -to glorify themselves and their families -in order to please God -to control unemployment -because it was good for business -to enlighten the masses
to glorify themselves and their famileis
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century was -conversion of Asian and Africans -institutional reform -reconciliation with Protestantism -to uplift the spiritual condition of both clergy and laity
to uplift the spiritual condition of both clergy and laity
In the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company -established outposts in New York and elsewhere in the Americas -took over the Philippines from Spain -took over much of the East Indies from Portugal -handled the shipment of gold and silver bullion from Spanish America to Spain
took over much of the East Indies from Portugal
The key feature of Newton's system was the law of -constant acceleration -equivalence of mass and energy -universal gravitation -reciprocity
universal gravitation
As consumer habits changed, an aristocrat's greatest express was usually his -food -military hardware and training -jewelry and clothing -urban palace -daughter's dowry
urban palace
In response to the problems of the 14th and 15th centuries, the landlords of Eastern Europe -imported Tukic slaves -renounced their traditional control of local justice -imported labor from Western Europe -used political power to gain control of the peasants
used political power to gain control of the peasants
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was -highly inefficient -usually a responce to the wishes of the families -outlawed by the Combination Acts -replaced by the system of pauper apprenticeship
usually a responce to the wishes of the families
Spanish territories in the New World were divided into four -principalities -viceroyalities -estada -provinces
viceroyalities
According the Machiavelli, the sole test of good government was whether it -was effective -was based on Christian morality -protected the liberty of its citizens -improved the economy -provided the necessary public services
was effective
Calvin's reform movement -was restricted to Switzerland and France -rejected any role in the secular government of Geneva -was quickly rejected by the citizens of Geneva -was throughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva -was suppressed by the civil authorities
was throughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva
The major reason for the disappearance of the bubonic plague from western and central Europe after the early 1700's was probably -the brown rat's displacement of the black rat from ecological niches in Europe -widespread quarantining of plague victims -the discovery of an effective vaccine against the disease -the breakdown in trade between European and India, where plague was endemic
widespread quarantining of plague victims
Between 1000 and 1800, the most dramatic downturn in Europe population occurred in the -11th century -17th century -16th century -14th century
14th century
Industrial growth first really accelerated in Britain during the -1760s -1790s -1780s -1770s
1780s
In 1790, African slaves made up about ____________ percent of the U.S. population -35 -10 -5 -20
20
Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of ___________ in 1805 -Jena -Bordeno -Austerlitz -Westphalia
Austerlitz
The first phase of the Thirty Years' War is known as the phase -Danish -Swedish -International -Bohemian
Bohemian
_________________ captured conservative opinion on the Revolution in his Reflections on the Revolution in France -John Locke -Edmund Burke -Alexander Hamilton -Ben Franklin
Edmund Burke
Britain's great rival for influence in India was -France -Portugal -China -Spain
France
Prussia's landowning classes were known as the -Burghers -Kaisers -Tartars -Junkers
Junkers
The most famous salon was that of -Madame de Chatelet -Madame Geoffrin -Julie de Lespinasse -Madame du Pompadour
Madame Geoffrin
During the Reign of Terror, the dominant person on the Committee of Public Safety was -Napoleon Bonaparte -Georges Danton -Maximilien Robespierre -Abbe Sieyes
Maximilien Robespierre
____________________________ led the revitalization of Spain in the eighteenth century -Philip V -Louis X -Ernesto V -Charles II
Philip V
Which of the following countries was the least industrialized in 1860? -Belgium -Germany -Russia -France
Russia
The French invasion of Italy at the end of the 15th century was predicted by -Machieveli -Lorenzo de Medici -Savanarola -Dante -Francesco Sforza
Savanarola
John Knox was influential in the Reformation in -Sweden -Swabia -Ireland -Switzerland -Scotland
Scotland
David Hume was a key figure in the ________ Enlightenment -English -Italian -Scottish -German
Scottish
The first great revolt against the Grand Empire occurred in __________ in 1808 -Spain -Holland -Italy -Portugal
Spain
The agricultural revolution first manifested in -North America -Sweden -the Low Countries -England
The Low Countries
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treat of -Utrecht -the Pyrenees -Westphalia -Olivares
The Pyrenees
In the 15th century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as -investiture -councilarism -simony -pluralism -indulgence
pluralism
Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as -rococo -neoclassicalism -classicalism -romanticism
rococo
The gabelle was a tax on -salt -bread -cloth -wheat -sugar
salt
In the eighteenth century, a shortage of _________ held British industry back -coal -steel -wood -iron
wood
William Cockerill was -the prime minister of Britain who opposed the Factory Act of 1833 -the inventor of the spinning jenny -the British general at Waterloo -an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium
an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium
The most significant changes brought about by the Columbian voyages were -biosocial in nature -political in nature -economic in nature -social in nature
biosocial in nature
The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that -eliminated women's right to hold property -made divorce more difficult -broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property -made men and women equal
broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property
A _______ boom in the 1770s enhanced Britain's infrastructure advantage -carriage-building -canal-building -road building -railroad-building
canal-building
Gleaning of grain is -sowing of the grain -separation of the wheat from the chaff -collection of single grains that fall to the ground during the harvest -selection of seed grain
collection of single grains that fall to the ground during the harvest
The social group that most often resisted the centralizing efforts of the new monarchs was the -urban workers -clergy -bourgeoisie -peasantry -nobility
nobility
All of the following were considered members of the Third Estate except -wealthy merchants -the urban poor -nuns -guild masters
nuns
By 1300 most of the Italian city-states were ruled by either a signori or -oligarchies -elected assemblies -ecclesiastical princes -biships -king
oligarchies
______________'s Decameron embodied the new secular spirit -Pico della Mirandola -Da Vinci -Lorenzo Valla -Boccaccio -Petrarch
Boccaccio
The Portuguese brought the first African slaves to -Mexico -Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Lesser Antilles -Genoa, Venice, and Modena -Brazil
Brazil
All of the following were state obstacles during the 17th century EXCEPT -The vastness of the country -Lack of a census -A schism in the church -Multicultural backgrounds in rural areas
A schism in the church
The Treaty of __________(1802) left France in control of Holland and the Austrian Netherlands -Amiens -Munich -Amsterdam -Antwerp
Amiens
Before the scientific revolution, Europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of -Aristarchus -Plato -medieval scholastics -Aristotle
Aristotle
When Charles V abdicated his son Philip received all of the following except -the Low Countries -Spain -Milan -Austria
Austria
________________, Russia, and Sweden joined with Britain to form the Third coalition against France -Portugal -Spain -Prussia -Austria
Austria
