AP Euro Midterm Review

78. Which of the following developments is best reflected in the image?

Mechanization and the factory system became the predominant modes of production by the early twentieth century

53. What political idea did rational and empirical arguments like Locke's challenge?

divine right

43. The image above was created as an eighteenth-century response to which of the following:

the erosion of traditional values in larger urban areas

51. Which political theorist would most likely agree with Smith's argument about labor as expressed in the above excerpt?

John Locke

59. Which of the following authors' writings expressed views most similar to those of Portalis in the excerpt above?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

30. Rousseau's ideas in this excerpt are most like what other early modern thinker's philosophy?

Locke's argument that the state's authority originated in the consent of the government

65. The directives expressed in this except were the primary result of which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

Mechanization and the factory system became the predominant models of production

41. The Bill of Rights challenged the traditional absolutist argument that

a powerful monarchy is needed to provide political stability

27. the ideas expressed in the excerpt are evidence of which of the following eighteenth- century trends

absolute monarchies limited the nobility's participation in governance but persevered the aristocracy's social and legal privileges

50. Which of the following forms of government would be least receptive to the main argument of the excerpt?

absolute monarchy

4. Based on the above excerpt , the Act of Supremacy best represents

an attempt by Henry VIII to impose religious reform from the top down and expand royal authority

12. Besides Galileo's discoveries in astronomy, what new scientific ideas and observations arose during the period 1450-1648?

anatomical and medical discoveries presenting the body as an integrated system

55. Which of the following contemporaneous ideologies most directly contradicts Locke's point of view as expressed in the passage?

feudalism

48. Which if the following most directly accounts for the the population growth shown above?

higher agricultural productivity

11. Galileo's response to the bible-based arguments of his accusers reflects the system of thought called

humanism

19. the image above best reflects which of the following historical trends

humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts shifted the focus of education away from the theology and toward the study of classical

9. Exploration and colonization of the New World in the sixteenth century impacted the European balance of power by

increasing the power of Spain and Portugal

74. Laws that sought to remedy the problem of child labor, such as the one referenced in the excerpt above, best reflect which of the following responses to industrialization?

interventionist economic policies on behalf of the less privelages

79. Which of the following groups worked most effectively to reform child labor in early twentieth-century Europe?

interventionist liberals

17. the excerpt above most directly reflects

monarchs' tolerance of religious pluralism in order to maintain domestic peace

46. In this excerpt, Olympe de Gouges is responding to

new arguments proposed by Enlightenment philosophes like Rousseau promoting the continued exclusion of women from political life

36. The consumption of goods such as tea, sugar, and coffee suggests that

overseas products and influences contributed to the development of a consumer culture in Europe

18. the artwork above serves as evidence of which of the following historical developments

princes and popes, concerned with enhancing their prestige, commissioned paintings and architectural works based on classical styles that often employed the newly invented technique of geometric perspective

33. Rousseau's text is most unlike other Enlightenment writers because it

questioned the exclusive reliance on reason

40. Which of the following were institutions that aided in disseminating new ideas of the Enlightenment?

salons and learned societies

24. the critiques expressed by Calvin generated which of the following broader religious changes in the sixteenth century

the Catholic Reformation revived the church but cemented the division within Christianity

32. The ideas expressed by Rousseau in this excerpt contributed heavily to

the French Revlution

16. the excerpt above was a response to which of the following events

the French Wars of Religion

14. the type of education described in the excerpt above

the Scientific Revolution

38. The Encyclopedia reflected which primary goal of the Enlightenment?

the attempt to improve institutions and society through rational inquiry

7. According to Diamond's argument, the most important factor for the success of European colonization of the Americas lay in

the biological and environmental advantages held by Europeans

52. Smith's views on labor as expressed in the excerpt are best reflected in which of the following eighteenth- and nineteenth-century developments?

the consumer revolution

80. This image best illustrates which of the following historical developments?

the division of labor led to the development of new social classes.

6. One international impact of the religious reform evidenced in the Act of Supremacy in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was

the effort by Hapsburg rulers to restore Catholic unity across Europe

39. Projects in the eighteenth century such as the Encyclopedia led to

the gradual development of a larger role for public opinion in Western Europe

35. This excerpt best illustrates what economic transformation in European villages during the eighteenth century?

The putting-out system, or cottage industry, expanded as increasing numbers of laborers in homes produced for markets

68. Which of the following nineteenth-century political responses to the problems of industrialization was the most successful?

Radicals and republicans demanded universal male suffrage and full citizenship regardless of wealth and property ownership

75. The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following developments?

The problems of industrialization provoked a wide range of ideological, governmental, and collective repsonses

25. The idea expressed in this excerpt best reflects which of the following historical trends

In the eighteenth century, a number of states in estern and central Europe experimented with ënlightened absolutism

64. The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed to the conditions that fostered what subsequent event?

Industrialization in Prussia allowed that state to become the leader of a unified Germany

45. The growth of urban areas during the eighteenth-century was driven by

increased migration from rural areas

56. Which of the following phases of the French Revolution is most directly reflected in the painting above?

A constitutional monarchy was established to increase popular participation in the government

5. Henry VIII used the Act of Supremacy to

Assert control of religious institutions such as monasteries

2. The approaches of humanist scholars such as Bruni led to which of the following developments

Christian humanists employing Renaissance learning in service of religious reform

3. Approaches of humanist scholars such as Brunni led to which of the following developments by the early 16th century

Christian humanists employing Renaissance learning in service of religious reform

73. Which of the following groups would least likely be concerned by Sir Robert Peel's statement?

Conservatives

8. which of the following was a consequence of the Columbian exchange referenced by Diamond

Europeans' expansion of the African slave trade

61. Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the actions described in the excerpt above?

Europeans, driven by nationalist rivalries,sought direct political control of colonies

69. Which of the following statements best reflects the comparative assertions made by Marx and Engles?

France moved toward industrialization at a more gradual pace than Great Britain while German states industrialized quickly after the mid-nineteenth century

66. Which of the following choices best explains the patterns shown in the table above?

France moved toward industrialization at a more gradual pace than Great Britain, with government support and less dislocation of traditional methods of production

28. the state policy expressed by Frederick in this document was most unlike which of the following policies of his contemporary monarchs

In England, the outcome of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution protected the rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism by codifying the rights of Parliament

70. Which if the following was a major contributor to the development of the consciousness that Marx attempts to galvanize in this excerpt?

In industrialized areas of Europe, socioeconomic changes created divisions of labor that led to the creation of a new urban industrial working class

71. Which of these events during the first half of the nineteenth century confirms Metternich's concerns?

Liberal revolutionaries attempted to destroy the status quo

63. Which of the following social transformations was most likely a factor in why this factory issued rules in the excerpt above?

Migration from rural to urban areas in industrialized regions created an inexperienced workforce

58. Which of the following concepts is best reflected in excerpt?

Napoleon's defense on the ideals of the French Revolution

10. What developments in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led Galileo to raise the concerns he expresses in the passage

New ideas and methods in science and astronomy began to emerge

62. Which of the following pieces of evidence illustrates how non-Europeans responded to French rule during the eighteenth century?

Non-Europeans, inspired by revolutionary ideas, led revolts in French colonies, with some becoming independent

49. Which of the following migration patters developed as a result of the population growth shown in the chart?

People migrated from rural areas to urban areas

54. What was the overall effect of ideas such as those Locke expresses in the passage above?

Political revolutions posed a fundamental challenge to Europe's existing political and social order

21. In this excerpt, Calvin's writing best serves as evidence of which of the following practices occurring in Europe at the time

Reformers criticized Catholic abuses and established new interpretations of Christian doctrine and practice

26. based on this document, which of the following can be inferred as a significant effect of the renewed emphasis on science and reason in European culture?

Religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private rather than public conern

20. what key difference between renaissance humanists and sixteenth-century natural philosophers is best reflected in the painting above

Renaissance humanists studied classical texts, whereas natural philosophers conducted observations and experiments

22. Which of the following illustrates a major similarity between John Calvin and sixteenth century Roman Catholic popes

Some Protestants refused to recognize the subordination of the church to the state

37. Which of the following was a significant cause of the urban population growth discussed in the excerpt?

The Agricultural Revolution produced more food using fewer workers

47. Which of the following eighteenth-century trends would support the argument Olympe de Gouges makes in this excerpt?

Women participated enthusiastically in the early phases of the French Revolution

31. Which of the following facilitated Rousseau's influence on Europeans in the eighteenth century?

a growing literate public that led to the development of "public opinion"

29. The ideas in this excerpt most directly serve as evidence of

a new political model based on the concept of natural rights

57. Which of the following social classes was most directly challenged by the actions shown in the painting?

a nobility based on hierarchy and status

77. Which of the following nineteenth-century political responses to industrialization best addresses the concerns of Ann Eggley as express in the excerpt above?

interventionist social policies

15. Which of the following developments most directly contributed to the dissemination of the type of education described in the above excerpt?

inventions such as the printing press

72. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support Metternich's views?

leaders who embraced the idea that human nature was perfectible solely through God, and thus favored traditional political and religious authorities

76. Which if the following ideologies best reflects the vies of Mr. Payne as expressed in the excerpt above?

liberalism

60. Which of the following economic developments is best reflected in the passage above?

mercantilism

34. Which of the following was an important cause in the decline of famine in Europe?

the importation and transplantation of agricultural products from the Americas, which contributed to an increase in Europe's food supply

44. One social impact of the events depicted in the image was

the increase in the rate of illegitimate births in eighteenth-century Europe

1. Bruni's oration best illustrates which of the following elements of the Renaissance

the revival of classical literature and acient texts.

67. What best explains the patterns of declining industrialization in China and India during the nineteenth century

the search for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods drove Europeans to colonize

13. Which of the following best reflects the type of education described by the author?

the study of literature and ancient texts

42. The excerpt above is most indicative of

the triumph of Parliamentary supremacy in England in limiting royal power

23. Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the changes promoted by Calvin

the weakening of religious institutions during the Reformation left city governments with the task of regulating public morals