AP FINAL XD
the distribution of precipitation over the areas of the earth, with concentrations in some areas and paucity in others, is sustained through a process called the?
...
the average size of a family farm in china is:
.5 acres
Plant life and photosynthesis about 1.5 billion years ago and increased the _____ level in the atmosphere
02
__________liters of water are required to produce one kilogram of beef.
100,000
of the 148 species of large herbivores (over 100 lbs), ___ have been domesticated and all of these were domesticated over 4,500 years ago
14
The Earth's most recent experience with mass volcanism was between ______ million years ago.
180 and 160
The latest Pangaea break up began ___ years ago
180,000,000
The eruption of the Tambora volcano on the island of Sumatra resulted in what has been called the "year without summer" in Europe and America. That year was?
1816
Chlorofluorocarbon gasses are the main culprits in ozone depletion. These gasses have only been in use since the
1950s
International concern over the loss of global species led to calls for a global convention (agreement) as early as
1981
Human habitation of the Pacific Islands is estimated to have led to the extinction of _______ bird species.
2000
Biologists estimate that there may be as many as __ million types of organisms on earth?
25
The United States is the most prolific producer of solid waste. Studies estimate that the U.S. produces about ____ pounds of solid waste per person per day.
3.5
Organic food in the United States now constitutes ____% of the total food production
4%
In the early 1980s, the FAO of the United Nations undertook a study of the rate of depletion of tropical rain forests and determined that ______ percent had already been affected by cutting.
44
Of the U.S. landfills for the disposal of low level radioactive waste, ___ percent are now open.
50
guatemala's agricultural sector produces 26% of the country's GDP and employs more than ____% of the labor force
50%
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
70
in recent years, many wooded areas in ____________ have been deforested to provide beef for hamburgers for fast-food chains in the United States
Central and South Asia
After World War I, Russia annexed Bosnia for it's resources.
FALSE
Japan has developed its industrial economy due to its abundant supplies of coal and iron ore
FALSE
Most of China's recent industrial growth feeds the growing domestic market.
FALSE
The northeast industrial region of China (Shenyang) is today growing faster than other industrial regions in China.
FALSE
The shift from coal to oil explains the recent industrialization of the Middle East.
FALSE
Weber's industrial location theory considered labor to be the most important cost.
FALSE
Governments have least control over wealth generation processes at the point in the commodity chain where good enter the country.
False
Gross national product measures the value of officially recorded goods and services produced within a country
False
In the U.S, there is no area threatened by desertification.
False
One compensation of being in a peripheral region of the world economy is that goods and services are low cost, thus making education free of cost in most of the region.
False
The geologic epoch, characterized by global warming, in which we are now living is the ?
Holocene
The Sea of Galilee forms a large freshwater reservoir in the Jordan Valley and is the source of most of the water for which of the following countries?
Israel
During the Pleistocene, glaciers extend as far as?
St. Louis and Seattle
China is a major recipient of industrial work outsourced from other countries.
TRUE
Ford's River Rouge plant is an example of vertical integration.
TRUE
Industry actually developed long before the Industrial Revolution.
TRUE
Much of the Ruhr area has been converted from abandoned steel mills to tourist attractions.
TRUE
Over 360 regional trade organizations are in existence today.
TRUE
Production of mass numbers of products is concentrated in the periphery and semi-periphery.
TRUE
St. Petersburg is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers.
TRUE
Technopoles locate near major universities and centers of research and development.
TRUE
The Seto Inland Sea is an important route-way and focal point of Japan's industry.
TRUE
The cast iron bridge at Coalbrookdale, England, reflects the resources and technology of its time.
TRUE
The greatest threat to human existence to come from any source was a volcanic eruption occurring about 73,500 years ago. The volcano was called?
Toba
A high percentage of laborers engaged in the production of food staples indicates a low, overall level of development
True
Core-periphery theory can operate at a number of scales. For example, Los Angeles can be described as the core of Southern California
True
In Africa and other developing regions the output in the subsistence agricultural sector is not included in GNP calculations
True
Port Gentile is an example of an 'island of development'
True
Recent developments in China's coastal provinces have created greater regional economic disparities with interior regions.
True
The use of energy efficient process and devices may actually lower GNP
True
The world economic system works to the disadvantage of the periphery countries.
True
The most recent glaciation of the Pleistocene was the ?
Wisconsinan
12. High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways, roads, airline connections, telephones, radio and television, etc. These are collectively referred to as a) infrastructure. b) dependency measures. c) formal economy. d) commodity connections.
a
2. ________________ processes in the commodity chain involve technology, education, research and development, and high wages. a) Core b) Value-added c) Neo-colonial d) Periphery
a
20. Theories which hold that economic disparities are built into the global economic system are referred to as a) structuralist theories. b) modernization theories. c) liberal theories. d) neo-capitalist theories.
a
24. Young girls trafficked from the periphery to wealthier regions most often work as a) domestic workers/street vendors. b) industrial labor. c) agricultural labor. d) prostitutes.
a
26. _________ have low levels of human development according to the Human Development Index (2005). a) Mali and the Congo b) Haiti and Egypt c) Libya and India d) Yemen and India
a
29. In 2003, Malaria endemicity was very high in _____________. a) Congo b) Central Brazil c) Egypt d) Botswana
a
30. Argentina's severe economic crisis in 2001 was triggered by economic decisions made a) in Brazil b) in Washington, D.C. c) by the United Nations d) in Spain
a
33. Mexico has established export processing zones with special tax, trade and regulatory arrangements for foreign firms. This phenomena is referred to as a) maquiladoras. b) haciendas. c) border cities. d) NAFTA zones.
a
34. Subsistence forms of agriculture in peripheral areas produce little in the way of a) protein. b) grain crops. c) root crops. d) foodstuffs.
a
35. Desertification in Africa is a particular problem as ____ of the continent is arid or semiarid. a) 2/3 b) 1/2 c) 1/3 d) 1/4
a
37. Many tourist areas in peripheral regions are beach resorts. In 2004 Thailand's beach resort areas were ravaged by a) cockroach infestations. b) a tsunami. c) prolonged drought. d) terror attacks.
a
4. The word "development" implies a) progress. b) colonialism. c) lowering of wages through mechanization. d) technology.
a
41. Governments in both core and periphery often create wealth by focusing well paid government jobs a) in the capital city. b) in underdeveloped areas. c) in port cities. d) offshore in third world countries
a
44. Twenty thousand nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh constitute what can be called a) a parallel state. b) colonial enclaves. c) development islands. d) subversive zones.
a
45. Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of a) tropical regions. b) places with high AIDS mortality rates. c) areas with male dominance. d) desert regions.
a
5. Modern ideas of development are related to a) the Industrial Revolution. b) the Agricultural Revolution. c) gross domestic product. d) religious views of equity.
a
8. Which of the following has the highest per capita GNP? a) Japan b) United States c) European Union d) Canada
a
Growing understanding of the affects of the Little Ice Age leads to the suggestion that the chief cause of the rapid collapse of the Jamestown colony may well have been?
a seven year drought
Athens may have been the largest city in the world at the time of its existence, with a population estimated at a) 250,000. b) 100,000. c) 500,000. d) 750,000.
a) 250,000
In 1925, one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories. a) 300 b) 100 c) 25 d) 3
a) 300
Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as: a) Fordist. b) manufacturing. c) global production. d) mass production
a) Fordist
The core area suburbs are experiencing a process of the tearing down of existing suburban homes and the building of very large, standardized looking homes known as a) McMansions. b) upper class housing. c) gentrified housing. d) suburban palaces.
a) McMansions.
In which of the following regions did urbanization develop first? a) Mesopotamia b) Nile River Valley c) Indus River Valley d) China
a) Mesopotamia
China's "Pittsburgh" is a) Shenyang. b) Shanghai. c) Hong Kong. d) Beijing
a) Shenyang
Between 1940 and the early 1960s, China's industrial growth was aided by a) Soviet planners. b) the location of raw materials. c) improved transportation. d) the distribution of the work force
a) Soviet planners
If cities in the poorer parts of the world share a common characteristic, it may result from a) an absence of enforced zoning regulations. b) a total lack of industry. c) acute water shortages. d) poor public transportation.
a) an absence of enforced zoning regulations.
Television research and design takes place in the a) core area. b) periphery. c) semi-periphery. d) universities of India and China
a) core area
The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was a) foot pedals and running water. b) steam engines. c) electricity. d) windmills.
a) foote pedals and running water
Hotelling's location analysis emphasized the role of a) locational interdependence. b) raw materials. c) labor. d) markets
a) locational interdependence
After 1970, new suburban downtowns (edge cities) were spawned in the outer city of Los Angeles, with their leading concentrations a) near key freeway intersections. b) along the coast. c) near hubs of public transportation. d) at the approaches to key bridges.
a) near key freeway intersections.
The focal point of the Southeast Asian city is the a) old colonial port zone. b) CBD. c) alien commercial zone. d) suburbs.
a) old colonial port zone.
People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills. a) quaternary b) tertiary c) secondary d) primary
a) quaternary
Segregation in the United States was reinforced by the financial practice known as a) redlining. b) community block grants. c) land use zoning. d) tax increment financing.
a) redlining.
Service industries are commonly referred to as _____ industries. a) tertiary b) secondary c) quaternary d) quinary
a) tertiary
The manufacturing city (post Industrial Revolution) first emerged in a) the British Midlands. b) central Italy. c) the French coastal region. d) the Ruhr.
a) the British Midlands
The multiple nuclei model of urban structure developed by Harris and Ullman arose from the idea that _______ was losing its dominant position in the metropolitan city. a) the CBD b) the inner city c) public transportation d) the suburb
a) the CBD
The growth of ethnic neighborhoods in _________ is less than in other European countries. a) the Netherlands b) Belgium c) Germany d) France
a) the Netherlands
Europe's greatest industrial complex is a) the Ruhr. b) British Midlands. c) Silesia. d) Berlin
a) the Ruhr
Paris and Mexico City are many times larger than the second-ranked city in their respective countries. Their disproportionate size illustrates a) the concept of the primate city. b) the fact that capital cities are always very large. c) the rank-size rule. d) the effects of suburbanization.
a) the concept of the primate city.
Rome created a huge urban system. The integration of the Roman Empire was greatly facilitated by a a) transportation system. b) lack of different languages. c) good postal system. d) lack of foreign enemies.
a) transportation system.
The layout of a city, the physical form and structure, is referred to as a) urban morphology. b) urban grid. c) city plan. d) urban street pattern.
a) urban morphology.
The Kyoto Protocol
addresses global climate change
organic food is found in ________ areas
all
Fifty times as much water is stored in _____________ in the United States as falls as precipitation each year.
aquifers
One of the great ecological disasters of the twentieth century occurred in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan and involves the
aral sea
poorer countries, producing such cash crops as sugar:
are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices
which of the following fairly small areas of wheat production still have major export trade?
argentina and australia
1. Quarry workers, quarry owners, stone cutters, exporters, designers and architects, builders, tile and stone distributors, etc. represent an example of the links connecting producers and consumers in a world market. This is an example of a) an export-import model. b) a commodity chain. c) globalization theory. d) a core-periphery model.
b
17. Even if the Gross National Product (GNP) index is used to measure the well-being of a country, it will fail to show a) growth in secondary industries (manufacturing). b) the distribution of wealth. c) growth within tertiary industries (services). d) growth within primary industries (mining, forestry, agriculture, fishing).
b
22. Wallerstein's three-tier regionalization of the world includes all of the following except a) core. b) semi-core. c) periphery. d) semi-periphery.
b
25. Which organization is headed by a U.S. citizen, is headquartered in Washington, D.C. and is charged with combating poverty in peripheral countries? a) IMF b) World Bank c) Washington Federal Savings and Loan d) United Nations
b
3. Which of the following is not associated with core production processes? a) technology b) low-wage labor c) education d) research and development
b
38. The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the United States, with 80% unemployment and per capita income around $6,000, illustrates ______________ within a core area country. a) cultural choices b) peripheral processes c) core processes d) preconditions for takeoff stage
b
46. __________ give loans to poor people, preferably women, to encourage development of small businesses. a) NGOs b) Micro credit programs c) Structural adjustment loans d) Maquiladoras
b
Human communities have existed for 100,00 years, but some did not start to grow into larger places until about _______ years ago. a) 5,000 b) 8,000 c) 10,000 d) 15,000
b) 8,000
Technopoles, a collection of high-technology industries, can be found in a number of countries. Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries? a) Eastern Asia b) Africa c) Australia d) North America
b) Africa
Which of the following is both the least urbanized and the most rapidly urbanizing realm of the world? a) Middle America b) Africa south of the Sahara c) East Asia d) South Asia
b) Africa south of the Sahara
Canada's industrial southern Ontario links two parts of the U.S. Manufacturing Belt: Buffalo and a) Cleveland. b) Detroit. c) Chicago. d) Pittsburgh
b) Detroit
In which major world manufacturing country does industry not lie near sources of raw material? a) China b) Japan c) India d) the United States
b) Japan
The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______, China's largest city. a) Beijing b) Shanghai c) Tianjin d) Xianggang
b) Shanghai
Where did the first urban development originate? a) Southeast Asia b) Southwest Asia c) North Africa d) Western Europe
b) Southwest Asia
By 1990, the only American company that was making color television sets was a) Motorola. b) Zenith. c) General Electric. d) Toshiba.
b) Zenith
A structural element of many Latin American cities, the disamenity sector, is illustrated by the a) mall. b) barrios or favelas. c) commercial spine. d) industrial park.
b) barrios or favelas.
In Britain, the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry? a) forests for charcoal, domestic markets, and iron ores b) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports c) an internal railroad system, cotton for textiles, and domestic markets d) good highways, coal fields, and coastal ports
b) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports
Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with________ as a locational factor. a) population b) coalfields c) major ports d) the trend of the drainage system
b) coalfields
Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning, pure carbon fuel called: a) super coal. b) coke. c) charcoal. d) Bessemer fuel.
b) coke
Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of a) aircraft. b) container systems. c) bulk cargo ships. d) railroads
b) container systems
Which feature typical of ancient urbanization was not present in the Nile River Valley hearth? a) system of writing b) defensive walls c) urban elite d) religious structures
b) defensive walls
In Burgess' concentric zone model, the zone of transition became a) a suburb. b) deteriorated with more CBD encroachment. c) a working class area. d) a gentrified upscale new urban neighborhood.
b) deteriorated with more CBD encroachment.
Urban places in the ancient world were a) numerous and hierarchical. b) exceptions in an overwhelmingly rural society. c) part of a generally urban society. d) more common than today.
b) exceptions in an overwhelmingly rural society.
Urban places in the ancient world were __________. a) numerous and hierarchical. b) exceptions in overwhelming rural society. c) part of a generally urban society. d) more common than today.
b) exceptions in overwhelming rural society.
In core area cities the practice of buying up and rehabilitating deteriorating housing which resulted in the raising of housing values and a social change in neighborhoods is called a) public housing. b) gentrification. c) white flight. d) urban renewal.
b) gentrification.
The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is a) technical design. b) labor-intensive. c) low-labor needs. d) high-tech
b) labor-intensive
Comparing Luanda, Angola to a suburb of Tokyo one is struck by the fact that the urban morphology reflects the fact that Angola lacks a __________ class. a) working b) middle c) leadership d) lower
b) middle
Marxist geographer David Harvey is one of the strongest critics of _____________, the privatization of public space and loss of "character" of neighborhoods. a) gentrification b) new urbanism c) urban sprawl d) affordable housing
b) new urbanism
Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as: a) Fordist. b) post-Fordist. c) socialist. d) colonial production
b) post-Fordist
In a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city, town or village is inversely proportional to its rank in the system (i.e. if the largest city is 4 million the second will be 2 million or 1/2, the third will be 1/3 and so on). This is known as a) central place theory. b) rank-size rule. c) trade area ordering. d) a statistical coincidence.
b) rank-size rule.
The relative location of a city refers to its a) site. b) situation. c) genealogy of development. d) approximate latitude and longitude.
b) situation
Expanding on the Greek city's theater, the Romans built the world's first a) opera house. b) stadium. c) amphitheater. d) acropolis.
b) stadium
Saxony is to Germany in the 1860s as ____________ is to Ukraine and Russia in the 1880s. a) Austria b) the Donbas c) the Black Sea d) Selesia
b) the Donbas
The Kansai district is found along _____________, Japan's major waterway. a) the Sea of Japan b) the Seto Inland Sea c) the Tokyo-Yokohama Canal d) the Edo-gawa (River)
b) the Seto Inland Sea
What term came into use to describe the spatial components of the metropolis of the late twentieth century? a) exurb b) urban realms c) central city d) conurbation
b) urban realms
The decline in density and the spread of cities associated with the building of freeways in the second half of the twentieth century has been pejoratively referred to as a) suburbanization. b) urban sprawl. c) exurbanization. d) new urbanism.
b) urban sprawl.
bio-genetic engineering now allows the growing of new strains of soybeans in more arid regions of the Plains States to meet the demand of the _________ industry
bio-diesel fuel
milpa agriculture involves the _________ method of clearing fields
burning
10. Which Asian nation listed below has a per capita GNP above the world average? a) Vietnam b) China c) South Korea d) North Korea
c
11. A large component of survival in countries with low per capita GNP is a) foreign aid. b) the sale of resources. c) the informal economy. d) tourism.
c
13. Dependency ratio measures: a) family size b) percent of the population dependent on welfare c) the number of young plus the number of elderly per 100 workers d) average number of hours of work to feed a family of four
c
19. The continuation of economic dependence even after political independence is referred to as a) precondition to take-off. b) modernization model. c) neocolonialism. d) independence movement.
c
27. According to the World Bank, ___________ had the highest external debt as a percentage of exports of goods and services for low- and middle-income in 2006. a) Mexico b) Chad c) Uruguay d) Tunisia
c
31. Economic development in some African states (e.g. Malawi and Zimbabwe) is hampered by a) drought. b) religions intolerance. c) corrupt governments. d) drop in the price of oil.
c
43. Port Gentile, Gabon was built by a) an ancient Gabonese civilization. b) British colonizers. c) European oil companies. d) migrants fleeing the Congo.
c
6. Gross national product (GNP) measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country's corporations and individuals. It is standardized by a) being calculated in Euros. b) measuring the informal as well as informal economy. c) being calculated on a per capita basis. d) adjusting for differences in attitude toward "progress."
c
Ancient cities were not large by modern standards. The cities of Mesopotamian and the Nile Valley probably had populations of a) 5,000 to 7,000. b) 7,000 to 9,000. c) 10,000 to 15,000. d) 20,000 to 30,000.
c) 10,000 to 15,000
The first railroad in England was opened in a) 1750. b) 1800. c) 1825. d) 1875.
c) 1825
Regarding capital flows to Europe in 1775, Lisbon is to S. America and Asia as ____________ is to the Caribbean and S. America. a) London b) Bordeaux c) Cadiz d) Nantes
c) Cadiz
In Southeast Asian cities the alien commercial zone is dominated by a) American corporations. b) Europeans. c) Chinese. d) Lebanese traders.
c) Chinese
Who actually laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe? a) the British Government b) the French Government c) Europe's commercial companies d) Europe's military forces
c) Europe's commercial companies
Japan's dominant industrial region is a) Kitakyushu. b) Toyama. c) Kanto Plain. d) Kansai.
c) Kanto Plain
Over 50% of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in a) Luxembourg. b) Belgium. c) Netherlands. d) Germany.
c) Netherlands
Russia's "Detroit" southeast of Moscow: a) Kiev. b) St. Petersburg. c) Nizhni Novgorod. d) Rostov.
c) Nizhni Novgorog
The Rust Belt is to the United States as the ___________ is to China. a) Kanto Plain b) Shanghai Basin c) Northeast District d) Nanchang Region
c) Northeast District
The Ruhr industrial area is connected to its port by a) railroads. b) cart roads. c) Rhine River. d) North Sea.
c) Rhine River
The response of the urban system of the American South and Southwest to the influx of migrants over the past three decades conforms with predictions of central place theory. This is called the ________ phenomenon. a) hexagonal b) rank-size reordering c) Sunbelt d) central place
c) Sunbelt
After World War I, this region produced about 90 percent of the coal needed to help the then Soviet Union industrialize. a) Krivoy Rog b) Siberia c) Ukraine d) Kuzbas
c) Ukraine
If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called a) cluster. b) focus. c) agglomeration. d) intensity.
c) agglomeration
In the United States, most interstate oil pipelines originate: a) in Pennsylvania. b) in New Mexico. c) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana. d) in the Appalachian Mountains
c) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana
Ancient towns and cities owed much of their success and growth to certain site advantages. Which of the following was not one of these advantages? a) proximity to productive farmlands b) good supplies of coal and iron c) availability of water supplies d) good defensibility
c) availability of water supplies
Although no match for Canada's Ontario industrial district, the one great advantage of the Montreal area is a) a location between Canadian and U.S. industrial areas. b) location on the Saint Lawrence Seaway. c) cheap hydroelectric power. d) development of specialty manufacturing such as optical products and cameras
c) cheap hydroelectric power
A hinterland reveals the _________ of each settlement. a) total population b) working population c) economic reach d) aggregate purchasing power
c) economic reach
The very early developing agricultural societies were a) divided according to amount of land possessed. b) ruled by an elite. c) egalitarian. d) dominated by larger urban centers.
c) egalitarian.
Peter Muller's analysis of suburbanization indicated that suburbs were a) losing their appeal to home buyers. b) primarily "bedroom suburbs" with only a residential function. c) evolving into a self sufficient urban entity with its own economic and cultural components. d) becoming a smaller proportion of the total American population.
c) evolving into a self sufficient urban entity with its own economic and cultural components
Ethnic neighborhoods in European cities reflect migrants from a) Eastern Europe. b) poor Mediterranean Europe. c) former colonies. d) Latin America.
c) former colonies.
The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as a) production costs. b) distribution costs. c) friction of distance. d) distance decay.
c) friction of distance
Fayetteville, Arkansas has become a ________________ because of Wal-Mart. a) break-of-bulk point b) techno pole c) growth pole d) the most polluted city in America
c) growth pole
The zone of probability for a business is marked by: a) low income and low cost. b) low income and high cost. c) high income and low cost. d) high income and high cost.
c) high income and low cost
In the early eighteenth century, British textiles were manufactured a) in India. b) early rural factories. c) in large urban factories. d) in homes on hand looms.
c) in large urban factories
Which is not among the components which enabled the formation of the first cities? a) agricultural surplus b) social stratification c) invention of the wheel d) all of the above
c) invention of the wheel
The most important locational factor for the service sector is a) energy. b) transportation. c) market. d) labor
c) market
Mexico City and Sao Paolo are examples of a) South American cities. b) capital cities. c) mega cities. d) colonial cities.
c) mega cities.
In the Latin American city, where are the homes of the most impoverished and unskilled residents? a) in the city center b) immediately surrounding the city center c) on the outermost zone or peripheral fringe d) along the major access highways
c) on the outermost zone or peripheral fringe
Which of the four classifications of economic activity must locate where the resources are found? a) secondary b) tertiary c) primary d) quaternary
c) primary
In 2005, China, Japan, the United States, Russia, and South Korea were the five top producers of ___________ a) coal. b) titanium. c) steel. d) airplanes.
c) steel
England not only held a monopoly over products that were in world demand at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, but also a monopoly on a) international transportation. b) the sources of raw materials. c) the skill necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products. d) all available labor.
c) the skill necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products
Most African central cities actually have how many CBD's? a) one b) two c) three d) four
c) three
__________ and __________ have the same Koppen-Geiger classification.
cairo and riyadh
in areas of shifting cultivation the population
cannot have a high density
corn of the american "corn belt" originated in
central america
Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of ____ into the atmosphere?
chlorofluorocarbons
examples of luxury crops include:
coffee and tobacco
which two states have legalized marijuana entirely?
colorado and washington
Climatologist-geographer Alfred Wegener used his spatial view of the world to develop the theory of ?
continental drift
demand for organic food is greatest in
core regions
in the 1940's, american philanthropists funded research on this crop. by 1960, mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically. this crop is:
corn (maize)
which is NOT an example of primary economic activity
corn flake production
14. Which is not among the five stages of Rostow's development model? a) traditional b) take-off c) high-mass consumption d) collapse-decline
d
15. Rostow's model, developed in the early 1960s, was based upon the experience of a) financial economists. b) Latin American countries. c) China. d) Western modernization.
d
16. ____________ is the only country in the western hemisphere with a dependency ration over 85. a) Haiti b) Brazil c) Mexico d) Guatemala
d
18. The principal structuralist alternative to Rostow's model of economic development is known as a) the "takeoff" model. b) the liberal model. c) the modernization model. d) dependency theory.
d
21. El Salvador abandoned its currency, the Colon, in favor of the U.S. dollar. This process is referred to as a) re-structuration. b) re-colonization. c) international monetizing. d) dollarization.
d
23. Countries in which tier of the world economy (region) have high birth and death rates and low life expectancy at birth? a) post-industrial b) core c) semi-periphery d) periphery
d
28. Malaria kills about ___________ children in the global periphery each month. a) 5,000 b) 75,000 c) 100,000 d) 150,000
d
32. Most victims of malaria are a) agricultural workers. b) women in childbearing years. c) the elderly. d) children under 5
d
36. In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by a) worker's cooperatives. b) local or regional governments. c) local owner operators. d) multinational corporations.
d
39. Core area agriculture is characterized by a) mechanization. b) high levels of farmer education. c) scientific agronomy. d) all of the above
d
40. Establishment of government quotas on imports (e.g. cotton shirts or steel) to the U.S. has led to a) a decrease in Chinese shirt production. b) an increase in Chinese wages. c) a collapse of the U.S. market for shirts. d) a shifting of production form country to country in the periphery and semi-periphery
d
42. A look at the maps of Nigeria, Pakistan and Brazil would show that when governments established new post-colonial capitals, they moved away from a) swamps. b) deserts. c) areas of ethnic discord. d) coastal port areas.
d
7. Gross domestic product measures only a) home-based output. b) the informal economy. c) the productivity of individuals. d) production only within a country.
d
9. Which does not make up a portion of Colombia's GNP? a) professional sports franchises b) tourism c) coffee production d) drug trafficking
d
Nike, headquartered in Oregon, employs 20,000 people in that state. What percentage are employed in shoe manufacture/assembly? a) 90 b) 5 c) 25 d) 0
d) 0
Japan became the world's second largest economy with ½ of the population of the United States and _____ of the land area. a)1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/12 d) 1/25
d) 1/25
U.S. oil reserves are estimated to be ____% of the world's total. a) 25 b) 18 c) 8 d) 4
d) 4
High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core. The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a technopole with the best known being California's "Silicon Valley." A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States. a) New York b) Philadelphia c) Richmond d) Boston
d) Boston
Which of the following countries is least urbanized? a) the United States b) Australia c) Japan d) China
d) China
Which country is almost completely dependent upon imported oil/natural gas? a) Netherlands b) Russia c) United States d) Japan
d) Japan
Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations. Which of the following is not an example of such a region? a) the Ruhr b) Saxony c) the Donbas d) London
d) London
Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times. a) New York b) Boston c) Philadelphia d) New England
d) New England
Housing in the slum area, Kiberia in Nairobi, Kenya is occupied by Luo and Luhya peoples of western and northwester Kenya and is owned by a) British landlords. b) Indian merchants. c) Nairobi's public housing agency. d) Nubians of Sudanese descent.
d) Nubians of Sudanese descent.
In 2008, Saudi Arabia and _____________ were the world's two largest oil producers. a) Iran b) Iraq c) Mexico d) Russia
d) Russia
This area is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers. a) Ukraine b) Volga c) Urals d) St. Petersburg
d) St Petersburg
The Parthenon of Athens is a structure typical of ancient Greek cities. It is a(n) a) aqueduct. b) protective wall. c) drainage/sewer system. d) acropolis.
d) acropolis.
Raw materials play an important role in industrial location. In the northeastern United States, what is the orientation of this industry? a) in the mountains where the iron ore is located b) in the interior for good rail connections c) along major rivers for a water supply d) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore
d) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore
In Latin America, which of the following does not accurately describe the typical CBD? a) the primary business focus b) principal entertainment center c) main area of employment d) an area of out-migration to suburbs
d) an area of out-migration to suburbs
Technopoles tend to locate near a) raw materials. b) cheap labor. c) electricity supplies. d) centers of research and development (major research universities).
d) centers of research and development (major research universities)
The core of a city is called the a) central city. b) exurb. c) urban zone. d) central business district (CBD).
d) central business district (CBD).
Which is not related to urbanization processes of the second urban revolution? a) urbanization of society b) second agricultural revolution c) energy resources (water power, coal) as a site feature d) cities as theocratic centers
d) cities as theocratic centers
The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by a) their location in coalfields. b) government grants. c) low cost of urban labor. d) development of railroads.
d) development of railroads
Saxony (Leipzig and Dresden) emphasize this type of manufacturing: a) chemical. b) heavy industry. c) food processing. d) light industry (e.g. optics and ceramics).
d) light industry (eg optics and ceramics)
During the 1970s, U.S. television manufacturers began to move productions "offshore" to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called a) industrial cities. b) peripheral production zones. c) technopoles. d) maquiladoras.
d) maquiladoras
Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved, as in Britain, the locational criteria: coalfields, water communication, and ____________ a) iron ore. b) markets. c) labor. d) ports.
d) ports
Gated communities have __________ as their chief objective. a) moderately priced housing b) ample open space c) social integration d) safety
d) safety
The huge influx of population from rural to urban areas in peripheral or semi-peripheral areas find housing in a) public housing. b) edge cities. c) deteriorating CBD's. d) shantytowns.
d) shantytowns.
New York's Times Square and Berlin's Potzdammer Platz are examples of giant media reshaping cities into a) theme parks. b) entertainment districts. c) planned communities. d) spaces of consumption.
d) spaces of consumption
When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909), what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location? a) availability of labor b) nearby markets c) costs of labor d) transportation costs
d) transportation costs
New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because a) plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships. b) markets are readily available for shipped goods. c) large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold. d) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another
d) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another
which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the northeastern US and northwestern europe?
dairying
A tsunami's waves result from ?
earthquake displacement of the seafloor
The boundaries of rocky crustal plates (theory of plate tectonics) are associated with ?
earthquakes and volcanoes
the source region for the domestication of hemp, eggplants, and mangoes is _________ and __________.
eastern india and western burma
The world's distribution of precipitation is concentrated in ?
equatorial and tropical areas
In the world of the early 2000s, there are many international policy-making bodies with significant authority over multinational environmental spaces.
false
Mortality risk from natural disaster is greatest in developed countries.
false
Soil erosion is little affected by population growth as there is a limit to the amount of cultivation of an acre of land
false
The Earth's environment has been changed little throughout the past 15,000 years.
false
geographer lee liu is studying the spatial patterns of agriculture in parts of china, found soils in intensively used fiels near villages were
fertile and productive
The Little Ice Age began to affect Europe in which century?
fifteenth
Human destructiveness of the environment manifested itself early when?
fires were set to kill entire herds of reindeer and bison
Kuwait is developing ________ as a resource to offset the inevitable decline in oil production.
fresh water
the best-selling organic crops in the united states, with a 43% share of sales, are
fruits and vegetables
more modern villages, notably planned rural settlements may be arranged in a _________ pattern.
grid
colonial powers would only make subsistence farmers
grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmers need to survive
according to the Koppen-Geiger climate classification, the UK has what kind of climate?
humid temperate climate with no dry season and a cool summer
Changes in climate involve changes in the ________cycle, which in turn affects patterns of precipitation
hydrologic
Residents of middle-America face high mortality risks and natural disasters in what form?
hydrological and/or geophysical
shifting agriculture developed primarily
in tropical and subtropical zones, where soils cleared for farming quickly lose their nutrients, and where traditional farmers had to abandon land after the soil became infertile. (all of the above).
Over the past century the pace of human environmental change has?
increased significantly
To some extent acid rain has always been present in certain humid environments, but during the last century the spread of _____________ has greatly increased the destructive capabilities of natural acid rain.
industrial revolution
in von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because
it would provide lumber and firewood
the township and range system is to the american plains as the long-lot system is to ____________
japan
________________ have changed as rural residents cope with shifting economic, political, and environmental conditions
land use patterns, land ownership arrangements, and agricultural labor conditions. (all of the above).
the ratio of percent of labor force in canada indicates that canada's agricultural sector is ________ intensive
machine
the form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is:
mediterranean
In 1990, _____________ had similar patterns of fossil fuel sources emissions of CO2.
mexico and south africa
coffee was domesticated in ethiopia. today, about 70% of production is in:
middle and south america
The geography of acid rain occurrence is most closely associated with patterns of industrial concentration and?
middle to long distance wind flows
which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?
milk
which area does not provide a good example of diversity for hunter-gatherers?
none of the above
the most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is
nucleated
Increasingly, people have come to depend on water sources
of uncertain future capacity.
the basic unit of the township-range system, the section, has an area of:
one square mile
Forests affect the atmosphere through their role in (the)
oxygen cycle
Which of the following is not one of the key "greenhouse" gasses?
ozone
___________ describes a field of study that considers the roles of political economics, power, and history in shaping human environmental interactions.
political-ecology
according to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication
probably involved planing root crops
by 19992, the most widely grown corp on earth was called IR36, a variety of
rice
hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in
salmon fishing
The amount of forest cutting that has gone on wherever humans locate has been very extensive. In the United States, for example, forests consist mainly of _______ trees.
second-growth
the second agricultural revolution can be generally traced to europe within what time frame?
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
a form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production
shifting cultivation
The Little Ice Age put an end to a period of flourishing ____ in Ming Dynasty China.
ship building and maritime exploration
The Global Environmental Facility funds projects related to four issues. Which of the following is not one of these?
soil erosion
In 2004, which countries had per capita emissions of carbon dioxide of less than one metric ton?
somalia and kenya
cattle were domesticated in and came to be an important cultural feature of
south asia
according to Spencer and Thomas, each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants. for example, taro,yams, and bananas are associated with the _________ hearth
southeast asian
rubber plantations have outlasted (the rest of the question was cut off of the review!! shoutout to admin for that one!!)
southeast australia
Mediterranean agriculture is found in:
southern coastal california, central chile, and italy
which of the following areas does NOT have a Mediterranean-type climate?
southern florida
while southeast asia exports significant quantities of rice, most farming in the region is a ___________ activity.
subsistence
25% of the world sugar production takes place outside of the tropical plantation region and is produced from
sugar beets (thx dwight!!!)
an agrarian reform program begun in the 1940s and 1950s by the Guatemalan governments was stopped when multinational pressure and the united states government ______________________________
supported the overthrow of the national government (#yeet)
Globally, the consumption of resources is tied to _______________ more than any other factor.
technology
most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution) occurred in
the Fertile Crescent
goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the zargos mountain region of
the fertile crescent
in villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by
the range and quality of village houses
cotton growing former colonies must now compete with cotton grown in __________
the united states
coffee growers certified as fair trade producers have the following characteristics:
they are guaranteed a higher price for their coffee
the rectangular land division scheme in United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique. Its correct name is:
township-and-range system
The forests in South Africa are primarily ____________
tropical dry forests
During the Pleistocene period, the planet was in a deep freeze.
true
Global warming began about 18,000 years ago and is a characteristic of the Holocene.
true
In the United States, landfill capacity has been reached or soon will be reached in about 12 states.
true
Modes of transportation represent some of the most important technological advances, with profound environmental impact, in human history.
true
Oil is a finite resource.
true
Pangaea's break-up 180 million years ago was accompanied by violent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions which impacted global climate and biodiversity.
true
Sixty percent of Israel's water supply comes from the occupied territories of the Golan Heights and West Bank.
true
The Food and Agricultural Organization at the United Nations released a study indicating that the rate of forest loss globally between 2000-2005 was lower than between 1990-2000.
true
The U.S., European Union and Japan export solid waste to countries in Africa, South and Middle America, and East Asia.
true
When it comes to environmental change, population numbers alone do not have the same meaning in all places.
true
Wind energy parks in Spain created 695 million euro in income in 2002.
true
the form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is:
walled
The Polynesians reduced the forest of their islands to brush, and by the time of the arrival of the Europeans, had exterminated more than 80 percent of the regional birds due to their penchant for ?
wearing bird-feather robes
The highest densities of coal and oil burning, which causes acid rain, are associated with large concentrations of heavy manufacturing, such as those in?
western and eastern europe and the united states
the functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages world-wide is greatest in
western cultures
The climatic record documenting the beginning of the Little Ice Age was partially pieced together by using farmer's diaries. Those of ____ were most useful.
wine growers
