AP Gov Unit 3
A local station that broadcasts national network programming is called a(an) ___________ station. a) Affiliate b) Cable c) Digital d) Network
Affiliate
Parties never modify their policies and messaging to appeal to various demographic coalitions. True or False?
False
The incorporation of third-party agendas into platforms of major political parties serves as a positive influence to third-party and independent candidate success. True or False?
False
In which type of election are you most likely to see coattail effects? a) Presidential b) Midterm c) Special d) Caucuses
Presidential
In comparison to proportional systems, winner-take-all voting districts serve as a structural barrier to third-party and independent candidate success. True or False?
True
Parties have adapted to candidate-centered campaigns, and their role in nominating candidates has been weakened. True or false?
True
Parties use communication technology and voter-data management to disseminate, control, and clarify political messages and enhance outreach and mobilization efforts. True or False?
True
Political participation is influenced by a variety of media coverage, analysis, and commentary on political events. True or False?
True
The rapidly increasing demand for media and political communications outlets from an ideologically diverse audience have led to debates over media bias and the impact of media ownership and partisan news sites. True or False?
True
In which circumstance would the courts find libel? a) A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs. b) A columnist writes his opinion about whether an actor is hiding a drug problem c) A television reporter delivers a story about increased drug use at the local college d) A reporter writes that local college students are drug dealers but has no sources.
a) A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs
Which of the following combination of interest group tactics are most successful in influencing congressional policymaking? a) Applying public pressure from the district or home state, lobbying, and providing campaign contributions. b) Creating public pressure, sponsoring protest demonstrations, and threatening litigation c) Threatening litigation, sponsoring protest demonstrations, and lobbying d) Providing campaign contributions, threatening litigations, and engineering limited political violence.
a) Applying public pressure from the district or home state, lobbying, and providing campaign contributions.
Parties have been affected, and in general weakened, by: a) Candidate-centered politics b) Voters deemphasizing the importance of a candidate's personality c) The movement of people to urban areas d) The decline in the number of lobbyists
a) Candidate-centered politics
Why do Belgium, Turkey, and Australia have higher voter turnout rates than the United States? a) Compulsory voting laws b) More elections c) Fewer registration laws d) More polling locations
a) Compulsory voting laws
Which statement best describes the following groups: the Moral Majority, the Christian Coalition, the NRA, and Students for Academic Freedom. a) Conservative Response to Religious and Ideological Groups b) Liberal Response to Religious and Ideological Groups c) Are religious groups, but have no political power d) Support governments role in humanitarian efforts around the world
a) Conservative Response to Religious and Ideological Groups
All of the following are ways the government attempts to control the media EXCEPT: a) Constitutional law b) Carefully managed press conferences c) Control of who gets to ask the questions d) Timed interviews, reports, access via government-run studios
a) Constitutional Law
When acting as an agenda setter, the media: a) Decides which issues deserve public attention b) Covers presidential campaigns equally c) Reports on corruption in government d) Brings in advertising revenue for the media corporation
a) Decides which issues deserve public attention
Muckraking occurs when newspapers: a) Investigate problems in government and business b) Investigate actions of celebrities c) Print sensational news on the front page to sell papers d) Print more editorials and opinion pieces to sell papers
a) Investigate problems in government and business
Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) decision? a) It allows corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts of money on political activities that are independent of a party or candidate b) It allows political action committees (PACS) to spend unlimited amounts of money on individual candidate campaigns c) It allows political campaign contributions through political action committees (PACs) to be tax deductible d) It allows individual donors to give unlimited amounts of money directly to specific federal candidates or campaigns
a) It allows corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts of money on political activities that are independent of a party or candidate
What are the views of the members of the national media? a) Liberal b) Conservative c) Non-partisan d) Unknown
a) Liberal
Requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any. a) Linkage institutions b) Investigative journalism c) Election coverage d) Political Commentary
a) Linkage institutions
Political parties are most inclined to use which of the following strategies in national general election campaigns today? a) Matching polling responses to identifiable individuals in voter files to determine patterns b) Relying exclusively on super PACs for campaign messaging c) Hiring a team of volunteers to go door-to-door with campaign messages d) Increasing the use of broadcast media to target campaign messages
a) Matching polling responses to identifiable individuals in voter files to determine patterns
Which of the following is a reasonable exception to the Freedom of Information Act? a) Medical records for government employees b) Budget for the Department of Labor c) Minutes from a president's cabinet meeting d) Transcript of meetings between Department of State negotiators and Russian trade negotiators
a) Medical records for government employees
Which of the following policies is an example of state action to improve voter turnout? a) Motor voter laws b) Voter ID laws c) Poll taxes d) Literacy tests
a) Motor voter laws
What characterizes the most likely to vote in the next election? a) Over 45 years old b) Income under 30,000 c) High school education or less d) Residency in the south
a) Over 45 years old
Susan is currently working two part-time jobs and is frustrated about the poor economy. On Election Day, she votes for every challenger on the ballot, because she feels the president and Congress are not doing enough to help her. What type of vote did she cast? a) Retrospective b) Prospective c) Pocketbook d) Straight ticket
a) Retrospective
Use the text below to answer the following question. "The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves . . . and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote . . ." -Excerpt from Amendment XII of the US Constitution According to this Amendment, how is the president chosen if no candidate receives a majority of votes by the Electoral College? a) The House of Representatives votes on the top three vote-getters, with each state having one vote b) A joint body of senators and representatives will choose among the top three candidates that advance from the Electoral College vote c) Each of the representatives in the House gets one vote to determine which of the top three candidates should become president d) The Senate votes on the top three vote-getters, with each senator having one vote
a) The House of Representatives votes on the top three vote-getters, with each state having one vote
Television and radio are regulated by the federal government because: a) The airwaves are public property b) Television and radio are considered dangerous to the spirit of democracy c) The Constitution allows specifically d) There is an unlimited supply of broadcast stations
a) The airwaves are public property
What unusual step did Oregon take to increase voter registration? a) The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote. b) The state ended voter registration c) The state sends every resident a voter registration ballot d) The state allows online voter registration
a) The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote.
Which statement is true about organize labor in the United States? a) Today union membership is about 11% of the workforce due to the nation going from a land of manufacturing workers and farmers to a nation of white-collar professionals and service workers. b) In the 1940s union membership peaked at about 60% of the workforce c) The AFL-CIO changed it's name to Change to Win Coalition d) Membership in labor unions has held steady since the Great Depression
a) Today union membership is about 11% of the workforce due to the nation going from a land of manufacturing workers and farmers to a nation of white-collar professionals and service workers.
Which of the following is a structural barrier to political participation enforced in certain states today? a) Voter ID Laws b) Poll taxes c) Party-line voting d) Literacy tests
a) Voter ID laws
When covering campaigns, most journalists' deepest bias is a) A libertarian bias b) A liberal bias c) A bias to get a good story d) A conservative bias
b) A liberal bias
The rise of new issues no longer dominated by a single interest group, declining influence of congressional committee chairs, increasing media coverage of the policymaking process, and declining significance of iron triangles have all contributed to which of the following? a) A decentralization of power in Congress b) An increase in the importance of issue networks c) Less constituent involvement in the development of national policy d) Conflict between the president and the Supreme Court over policy interpretation
b) An increase in the importance of issue networks
Which of the following best explains the danger that "attack journalism" poses to political participation? a) This media coverage aims to entertain or shock, often through sensationalized reporting or by focusing on a politician's personality, which turns elections into beauty pageants at the expense of issue debates. b) By treating government officials and candidates as targets to be stalked in pursuit of scandal, attack journalists create the impression that all politicians are ineffective and untrustworthy. c) By not providing equal time to candidates of different political parties to speak on the issues, media organizations keep constituents ignorant of important information that could influence an election or policy decision. d) This type of election coverage focuses more on poll results and speculation about a likely winner than on substantive differences between candidates, reducing voter interest.
b) By treating government officials and candidates as targets to be stalked in pursuit of scandal, attack journalists create the impression that all politicians are ineffective and untrustworthy.
The key national party official is the: a) National convention chair b) Chairperson of the national committee c) Most recently defeated presidential candidate of his party d) Former president of the United States
b) Chairperson of the national committee
Which of the following is a reason to make voter registration more difficult? a) Increase voter turnout b) Decrease election fraud c) Decrease the cost of elections d) Make the registration process faster
b) Decrease election fraud
Which statement is true about political parties and voters? a) Republicans have won more congressional elections than presidential elections. b) Democrats have won more congressional elections than presidential elections. c) Rank-and-file Democrats and Republicans agree on many political issues
b) Democrats have won more congressional elections than presidential elections.
Which factor is most likely to lead to the incumbency advantage for a candidate? a) Candidate's socioeconomic status b) Gerrymandering of the candidate's district c) Media's support of the candidate d) Candidate's political party
b) Gerrymandering of the candidate's district
The Supreme Court determined that the right of the press to print classified material: a) Is obsolete, and the press may never print classified material b) Is partial, and the press may print classified material only if it does not compromise troops or covert operatives c) Is complete, and the press may print anything it likes d) Has not yet been defined
b) Is partial, and the press may print classified material only if it does not compromise troops or covert operatives
Which of the following statements best explains how the 17th Amendment increased democratic participation in the United States? a) It extended the right to vote to women b) It changed the election process for US senators c) It changed the minimum voting age from 21 to 18 d) It extended the right to vote to black men
b) It changed the election process for US senators
On a political survey, Patrick Yang reveals that he rarely votes, because he does not believe the federal government listens to or responds to his needs, nor does he think the average citizen has much influence over political affairs. A political scientist would characterize these attitudes as representing which of the following? a) Libertarianism b) Low political efficacy c) Political socialization d) Retrospective voting
b) Low political efficacy
Targeting the media programming at specific programming at a specific population in society would be: a) Media consolidation b) Narrowcasting c) Use of experts d) Citizen journalists
b) Narrowcasting
Cable programming is often: a) Local b) National c) Network d) Sports
b) National
A conglomerate is a corporation that: a) Owns all television news stations in a state b) Owns many businesses and media networks c) Owns only radio stations d) Owns only televisions and newspapers
b) Owns many businesses and media networks
Which of the following best explains the function of the platforms of the two major US political parties? a) Platforms are intended to provide a particular political or economic ideology to appeal to a select set of voters in the electorate. b) Platforms are a set of general principles, goals, and strategies designed to give voters a sense of what candidates believe in and will address if elected. c) Platforms are created on a yearly basis to address the specific political and economic issues by which voters can hold elected officials accountable d) Platforms include important constitutional provisions in support of the two-party system in the United States
b) Platforms are a set of general principles, goals, and strategies designed to give voters a sense of what candidates believe in and will address if elected.
Who wrote a book titled Unsafe at Any Speed - which exposed that General Motor's Chevy Corvair was unsafe to drive. a) Bill O'Reilly b) Ralph Nader c) Henry Ford d) It was a government safety report not a book
b) Ralph Nader
The gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on democratic shifts than on shocks to the political system is: a) Partisan disillusdionment b) Secular realignment c) Critical election d) Party realignment
b) Secular realignment
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the linkage function that the National Association of Realtors (NAR) would have with regard to a recently passed federal law protecting home buyers? a) Investigating and reporting possible corruption in the passage of home buyer protection legislation b) Sharing research and constituent preferences for enforcing the law at a Housing and Urban Development (HUD) hearing c) Submitting an amicus curiae brief for the federal district court to review and overturn the recently passed law d) Sponsoring a new candidate and mobilizing voters to unseat the author of the legislation in the next election.
b) Sharing research and constituent preferences for enforcing the law at a Housing and Urban Development (HUD) hearing
The presidential election cycle begins at which of the following points in modern day elections? a) When electors cast their votes in the Electoral College b) Spring of the year before an election c) Summer of the year before an election d) January to June of Election year
b) Spring of the year before an election
Much of the news media's attention to government focuses on a) The Supreme Court b) The President c) The bureaucracy d) Congress
b) The President
Which of the following scenarios best describes a candidate-centered campaign? a) The candidate claims to be independent, yet large contributors are members of a particular party b) The candidate takes most of the initiative by hiring a professional campaign manager and soliciting contributors online. c) The candidate meets regularly with party representatives to plan a campaign strategy against a well-funded incumbent. d) Though taking different sides on partisan issues, the candidate approves of using attack ads funded by the party.
b) The candidate takes most of the initiative by hiring a professional campaign manager and soliciting contributors online.
Which of the following political actors is NOT considered part of an iron triangle in developing public policy at the national level? a) A government agency b) The president c) An interest group d) Congress
b) The president
Which statement best explains how midterm elections serve an important linkage function with the electorate? a) They can directly affect the composition and holdings of the Supreme Court b) They can alter the legislative agenda if the majority party changes hands in Congress c) They can reverse the constitutionality of executive orders and signing statements d) They can determine whether the president and White House agenda will be replaced
b) They can alter the legislative agenda if the majority party changes hands in Congress
Use the text below to answer the following question. "The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves...and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote . . ." -Excerpt from Amendment XII of the US Constitution Which of the following statements would the constitutional founders most agree with in regards to this excerpt from the Twelfth Amendment? a) The indirect method shows how committed the new republic was to boosting the power of the national government by giving electors from each state the role of "kingmakers" in presidential selection b) This indirect method prevents voters across the country from ignoring better qualified candidates outside their region, and allows less populous states greater influence in presidential selection c) The Electoral College reflects a rejection of popular sovereignty by making the process indirect and convoluted, thus taking the national constituency out of the selection process d) The Electoral College addresses a profound distrust of power residing with the chief executive, as this indirect electoral procedure preserves the superiority of the legislative branch
b) This indirect method prevents voters across the country from ignoring better qualified candidates outside their region, and allows less populous states greater influence in presidential selection.
Newspapers during the Revolutionary War period tended to: a) Give fake news and sensationalize stories b) Unite the colonists and provide information about the British c) Print party propaganda d) Attack colonial politicians
b) Unite the colonists and provide information about the British
Which statement accurately summarizes how constituencies affect the campaign strategy of candidates running for the US Senate or House of Representatives? a) Senate candidates must address issues that the president thinks are important to satisfy constituents b) Senatorial campaign strategies must consider issues affecting a narrower range of ideologies and needs than those found in House districts c) Candidates for House districts must consider specific needs and critical issues that characterize a relatively small number of voters d) Candidates for a House seat must consider issues and needs that matter to neighboring districts in order to be elected
c) Candidates for House districts must consider specific needs and critical issues that characterize a relatively small number of voters
Like the old Progressive Party, a new generation third-party called the Working Families Party (WFP) has successfully competed in specific geographies in recent years, forging opportunistic alliances with either of the major parties while building a precinct-level organization and support. Based on this information and current election rules, which of the following is the best strategy for the WFP to influence public policy in the United States? a) Run candidates in national elections where they can serve as the spoiler b) Challenge the nominees of one or both major parties at their national conventions c) Concentrate on "grass roots" campaigns in local elections lacking two-party competition d) Run against both Republican and Democratic candidates in high-profile state or local elections
c) Concentrate on "grass roots" campaigns in local elections lacking two-party competition
Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between campaign contributions and the lobbying of members of Congress by interest groups? a) Due to new campaign finance laws, interest groups are prohibited from making contributions that help congressional members in reelection campaigns b) Money and lobbying are unrelated, as congressional members are always open to considering all views regardless of political contributions c) Congressional members are willing to meet with lobbyists representing groups that provide them with campaign contributions. d) Congressional members will vote for the causes or positions supported by the groups that give them the most money.
c) Congressional members are willing to meet with lobbyists representing groups that provide them with campaign contributions.
A general decline in partisan loyalty in the electorate is most accurately referred to as: a) Realignment b) Secular realignment c) Dealignment d) Alignment
c) Dealignment
The Republican Party was a Third Party that rose up over the issue of: a) Winning the Civil War b) Supporting slavery c) Ending slavery d) Has been present since the infancy of the United States
c) Ending slavery
A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is: a) Inexpensive and simple b) Transparent and engages local voters c) Faster and has higher turnout d) Highly active and promotes dialog during voting
c) Faster and has higher turnout
A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the: a) Voters propose something but the governor approves it b) Voters propose and approve something but the legislature also approves it c) Government proposes something and the voters approve it d) Government proposes something and the legislature approves it
c) Government proposes something and the legislature approves it
Where and when do Electoral College electors vote? a) At their precinct, on Election Day b) At their state capitol, on Election Day c) In their state capitol, in December d) In Washington D.C., in December
c) In their state capitol, in December
A collection of people or organization that tries to influence public policy a) Section 501(C)(3) Organizations b) Lobbyists c) Interest Groups d) Political Action Committees (PACs)
c) Interest Groups
A group of individuals, public officials, and interest groups that form around a particular issue, usually a proposed public policy that they wish to support or defeat a) "Free-Rider" Problem b) Protest Movement c) Issue Network d) Iron Triangle
c) Issue Network
Which of these statements best explains why the Voting Rights Act of 1965 has been important to expanding political participation in the United States? a) It introduced the requirement of showing an official form of identification to register for or vote in an election to deter voter fraud. b) It ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. c) It enforced the Fifteenth Amendment by preventing states from using legal barriers to prevent African Americans from voting d) It reduced the minimum legal age to vote from 21 to 18
c) It enforced the Fifteenth Amendment by preventing states from using legal barriers to prevent African Americans from voting
Which of the following is the most important element of a national political campaign plan? a) Hiring the best professional consultant that money can buy b) Selecting campaign issues that are the most popular with voting constituents c) Knowing the characteristics of the candidate base, opponent base, and the undecided d) Directing resources to attract a wide spectrum of the voting constituency
c) Knowing the characteristics of the candidate base, opponent base, and the undecided
Which of the following makes it easy for a citizen to vote? a) Grandfather clause b) Lengthy Residency Requirement c) National Voter Registration Act d) Comeptency Requirement
c) National Voter Registration Act
Teddy Flood lives in Texas and is voting in the 2018 election. When he gets to the ballot box, he decides to do straight-ticket voting, in which he checks one box to cast a ballot for every candidate in the Democratic party. Which model of voting behavior does this best represent? a) Prospective voting b) Retrospective voting c) Party-line voting d) Rational choice voting
c) Party-line voting
"If Mr. Rove, the embodiment of the species, was responsible for elevating the consultant's status to ever new heights, he may prove responsible for its diminishment as well. Hailed as the genius behind Mr. Bush's presidential victories and the Republican gains in 2000 and 2004, Mr. Rove now carries the burden of a 2006 election that cost his party control of Congress and called into question the political theories that are his stock in trade. And his unorthodox decision, for a consultant, to play such a prominent role in the White House means that he is now integrally linked to the travails of the second-term Bush presidency." -Excerpt from "Strategists as Stars," Adam Nagourney, The New York Times, July 15, 2007 Which of the following statements would the author of the above excerpt most likely agree with? a) Professional consultants are increasingly taking over all campaign functions from the candidates who have hired them b) Professional consultants are hired to be in front of the cameras when hard questions are being asked about a politician's stand on the issues c) Professional consultants are a fixture in modern campaigns, but they are no replacement for the candidates themselves d) Professional consultants are on the way out as important members of a candidate's campaign staff and administration
c) Professional consultants are a fixture in modern campaigns, but they are no replacement for the candidates themselves
Maria Sella votes only for political candidates based solely on their platforms and the polices they and their party plan to implement once elected. a) Party-line voting b) Retrospective voting c) Prospective voting d) Rational choice voting
c) Prospective voting
Snezanna Filkowski only votes for political candidates whose platforms directly benefit the profitability of her small business. This voting behavior can best be characterized by which of the following models? a) Retrospective voting b) Prospective voting c) Rational choice voting d) Party-line voting
c) Rational choice voting
One of the main functions or roles of a political party is electioneering, which includes: a) Advising the president b) Determining the constitutionality of election laws c) Recruiting candidates d) Creating linkages between the state and federal governments
c) Recruiting candidates
According to research, why might a woman decide not to run for office? a) She feels the work is too hard b) She fears her positions will be covered too closely by the press c) She fears the media will criticize her family d) She fears the campaign will be too expensive
c) She fears the media will criticize her family
MediaQuant is a firm that tracks media coverage for each candidate and assigns a dollar value to it based on advertising rates. It evaluated the 2016 presidential campaign and concluded that Donald Trump received $4.96 billion in free media coverage, 60% of which came from the internet, including online news, blogs, forums, and social media. Which statement best explains the significance of this campaign strategy? a) Presidential campaigns cost taxpayers billions of dollars that could be used to fund other national programs, such as improving US infrastructure b) Online campaigning has significantly reduced the meaningful engagement of everyday citizens, requiring greater reliance on powerful interest groups and wealthy contributors c) Social media allows candidates to personalize outreach to a new generation of voters, bypassing reliance on political parties and platforms. d) Candidates must spend huge sums of money on campaigns, necessitating greater dependence on political party fundraising
c) Social media allows candidates to personalize outreach to a new generation of voters, bypassing reliance on political parties and platforms.
Most people get their information about politics from: a) The radio b) Scholarly journals c) Television d) Newspapers and news magazines
c) Television
Which political and social movement started in the 1890s and grew out of concern about the effects of rapid industrialization, an influx of immigrants, and monopolistic business practices? a) The Grange b) The Industrial Revolution c) The Progressive Movement d) The Labor Movement
c) The Progressive Movement
Which of the following best explains why the 2004 election does not fit the label of a "critical election"? a) The Democratic party was made up of urban, cosmopolitan business liberals while the Republican party was composed of suburban and rural adherents of nationalist populism. b) There were no sharp divisions on the issues between the two parties, such as their policy positions on foreign trade or banking regulations. c) There was little change in the two parties' major constituencies d) There was as yet no hint of the country's falling into a major recession.
c) There was little change in the two parties' major constituencies
Third parties do best when: a) They have a dynamic candidate b) There is no major scandal c) Trust in the major parties is low d) Major parties are more similar in their issue positions
c) Trust in the major parties is low
After the three debates between Romney and Obama in the 2012 presidential race, the polls were effectively tied; after the Clinton/Trump debates in 2016, Clinton had a slight lead. Based on these two campaigns, which of the following is an essential campaign strategy when most voters have made up their minds? a) Changing professional consultants b) Last-minute fundraising c) Voter mobilization d) Attack ads
c) Voter mobilization
If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout rate? a) Registered voters b) Voting-eligible population c) Voting-age population d) Voters who voted in the last election
c) Voting-age population
Which Federalist paper stated that many factions or interests would guard against tyranny or any one group getting too much power? a) 5 b) 51 c) 11 d) 10
d) 10
Radio quiz shows and comedy shows were most popular in the: a) 1900s b) 1930s c) 1970s d) 1990s
d) 1990s
The use of technology and the electronic media has resulted in a) A large increase in the number of daily newspaper b) No impact at all c) Most people getting their news from the Internet d) A large decline in the number of numbers of daily newspaper
d) A large decline in the numbers of daily newspaper
Which of the following is an example of episodic framing? a) A story on drug abuse that interviews addicts and discusses reasons for addiction and government responses to help addicts b) A story on how drug abuse policy has changed since 1984 c) A story on candidates' answers to a drug question in a debate d) A story detailing arguments against needle exchange programs
d) A story detailing arguments against needle exchange programs
The nature of democratic debate and the level of political knowledge among citizens is impacted by: a) Consumer-driven media outlets and emerging technologies that reinforce existing beliefs b) Ideologically oriented programming c) Increased media choices and uncertainty over the credibility of news sources and information d) All of the above
d) All of the above
What strategies and tactics are used by organized interest groups? a) Lobbying Congress b) Lobbying Courts c) Grassroots Lobbying d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Why is the Two-Party System such a permanent feature in American politics? a) The Electoral System, where the winner takes all b) State laws make it hard for third party candidates to get on the ballot c) It is evenly balanced nationally, but not locally d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The structure of parties has been influenced by a) Critical elections and regional realignments b) Campaign Finance law c) Changes in communication and data-management technology d) All of the above
d) All of the above?
This act allowed for labor unions to organize free from prosecution and also guaranteed their right to strike, which is a powerful weapon against employers. a) Adams Act of 1906 b) Labor Act of 1954 c) Adjustment Act of 1887 d) Clayton Act of 1914
d) Clayton Act of 1914
Business groups, labor organizations, and trade and professional groups would be classified as which of the following type of interest groups? a) Good Government Groups b) Public Interest Groups c) Political Action Committees d) Economic Interest Groups
d) Economic Interest Groups
A problem of group behavior that occurs when an individual can receive a public benefit without making a personal contribution of money or effort; for example, a person might listen to public radio but never make a contribution to the station, assuming that other donors will pay to keep it operating a) Interest Group b) Iron Triangle c) Issue Network d) Free Rider Problem
d) Free Rider Problem
Even though he just retired, Bill sees no reason to join the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), as the dues are not enough to make much difference in protecting his health care, and he expects that he will benefit from the association's activities whether he becomes a member or not. This scenario reflects which of the following political concepts? a) Issue network influence b) Friendly incumbent rule c) Equal access opportunity d) Free-rider problem
d) Free-rider problem
The media's use of polling results to convey popular levels of trust and confidence in government can impact elections by turning such events into: a) Yellow journalism b) Gatekeepers c) Investigative journalism d) Horse races
d) Horse races
The Green Party (GPUS) advocates environmentalism, social justice, and anti-war/anti-racism agendas. Which of the following statements accurately describes a barrier to the Green Party winning congressional seats or the presidency? a) Implied prohibition against third-party organizations in Article I of the Constitution b) State election boards banning third-party access to general election ballots c) Third parties are unable to qualify for super PAC funds in federal elections d) Incorporation of third-party issue positions or platforms by major political parties
d) Incorporation of third-party issue positions or platforms by major political parties
An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the party who received the most votes in an election; this is the most common system in the United States, and it does not benefit minor political parties, since third-party candidates rarely win the majority of votes in an election. a) Winner-take all system b) Two-party system c) Proportional system d) None of the above
d) None of the above
Information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source would be: a) Off the record b) On background c) A code of ethics d) On the record
d) On the record
Media coverage of a race tends to: a) Accurately portray all races equally b) Accurately portray whites and blacks as victims c) Overrepresent whites and the elderly as poor d) Overrepresent African Americans as poor
d) Overrepresent African Americans as poor
The single greatest influence on an individual's first party identification is: a) Gender b) Age c) Race d) Parents
d) Parents
Media consolidation has: a) Led networks to refrain from any possible kind of bias b) Not been allowed by the US Supreme Court c) Led to more news and less entertainment d) Promoted both monopolies and greater media competition
d) Promoted both monopolies and greater media competition
Which of the following is not a step in the initiative process? a) Approval of initiative petition by state or local government b) Collection of signatures c) State-wide vote during a ballot election d) Signature or veto by state governor
d) Signature or veto by state governor
A campaign advertisement appears on TV and in social media that says, "Candidate Smith has a record that includes policies that will hurt all Americans. If these policies are put into place, much of your hard-earned savings will be taxed away, and your well-paying job will be moved overseas. Be sure to vote on election day." Which statement below best explains what limitations, if any, might be placed on this campaign message? a) Smith's opponent would have to use personal funds to pay for the ad, which must include hard evidence to support the accusation b) Smith's opponent would use "hard money" to pay for the ad, since it attacks a political candidate without telling who paid for it c) Smith's opponent would have to use "hard money" to pay for the ad and could be sued for running it d) Smith's opponent could use "soft money" to pay for the ad and does not have to claim support for it
d) Smith's opponent could use "soft money" to pay for the ad and does not have to claim support for it
The presidential campaigns of Barack Obama (2012), Bernie Sanders (2016), and Donald Trump (2016) all had which of the following in common? a) Ideological similarity in campaign slogans and position statements b) Nomination from their national political party c) Divergence from the political platforms of their national parties d) Success in attracting grass-roots, small-dollar contributions
d) Success in attracting grass-roots, small-dollar contributions
The Federal Communications Commission oversees the programming of which entities? a) Television b) Television and radio c) Television, radio, and satellite d) Television, radio, satellite, and cable
d) Television, radio, satellite, and cable
Which of the following statements accurately summarizes why it is virtually impossible for third-party candidates to become president? a) Third-party candidates pay exorbitant fees to have their names printed on general election ballots in most states b) Third parties do not qualify for super PAC funds in presidential races c) Primary elections weed out strong third-party candidates d) The Electoral College uses a winner-take-all system
d) The Electoral College uses a winner-take-all system
Television news became a regular feature during _________ due to the public's demand for __________ to explain current events. a) WWI; images and maps b) Great Depression; charts and tables c) WWII; images and maps d) Vietnam War; charts and tables
d) Vietnam War; charts and tables
The functions and impact of political parties on the electorate and government are represented by: a) Mobilization and education of voters b) Candidate recruitment and party platforms c) Campaign management, including fundraising and media strategy d) The committee and party leadership systems in legislatures e) All of the above
e) All of the above
