AP Gove Unit 2, pt. 3

A

"If, therefore, the legislature pass any laws, inconsistent with the sense the judges put upon the constitution, they will declare it void; and therefore in this respect their power is superior to that of the legislature." Brutus 15 Which of the following cases is most related to the quote? A Marbury v. Madison (1803) B McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) C McDonald v. Chicago (2010) D United States v. Lopez (1995)

A

A difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate is that in the House A legislative activity on the floor is more constrained by rules B committees are less important in the decision-making process C junior members have more influence over legislative decisions D party leaders are less powerful E bills are more likely to be amended on the floor

D

All of the following are true about the relationship between regulatory agencies and the industries they regulate EXCEPT: A Agency employees are often recruited from the regulated industry. B Agencies often rely on support from regulated industries in making budget requests before Congress. C An agency's relationship with a regulated industry may change when a new president takes office. D Agencies usually make decisions without consulting the regulated industry. E Agency employees often are employed by the regulated industry once they leave the agency.

E

All of the following powers are granted to the President by the Constitution EXCEPT A commissioning officers in the armed forces B addressing the Congress on the state of the union C receiving ambassadors D granting pardons for federal offenses E forming new cabinet-level departments

E

Generally, when is a president more likely to get congressional approval of proposed policies? A After midterm congressional elections B In the second term rather than in the first C When public opinion is sharply divided over policies D In social policy areas rather than in economic policy areas E In foreign affairs rather than in domestic affairs

C

I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. George Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following scenarios illustrates Washington's concerns? A An increasing number of voters are not turning out to vote in elections. B Federalism can lead to different public policy outcomes between states. C Ideological divisions within Congress can lead to partisan gridlock. D Members of the press fail to report on the illegal activities of certain members of the bureaucracy.

A

In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that a state legislature would have to redraw their representative districts in order to comply with the Constitution. Which of the following potential difficulties could have resulted from this decision? A The state legislature could have seen this decision as too controversial, leading to questions about the appropriate level of power for the Supreme Court. B The United States Congress could have requested that funding be cut off from the redistricting program. C The president could have created an executive agreement with the state that overrode the Supreme Court's decision. D A state appellate court could have issued a ruling that overturned the ruling of the United States Supreme Court.

A

In The Federalist 70, Alexander Hamilton states that "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government." In this statement, Hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for A a single executive who can respond quickly to crises B a president who has a good understanding of public policy C an electoral college in the selection of the president D a president who is youthful and assertive

B

In which of the following ways could the president try to limit the impact of a Supreme Court decision? A Calling for the removal of the Supreme Court justices B Instructing the Department of Justice to delay the implementation of a provision of the decision C Passing legislation that overrides the Court's opinion D Changing the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

B

Of the following, which is the most powerful figure in Congress? A The Chair of the House Ways and Means Committee B The Speaker of the House C The Minority Whip of the Senate D The Majority Whip of the House E The Chair of the Senate Finance Committee

D

Presidents have had the most success in changing the direction of decisions of the federal judiciary by A threatening to ask Congress to impeach specific judges B using the media to build consensus for the President's position C requesting that Congress reduce the term of office that judges may serve D using the appointment process to select judges with judicial philosophies similar to those of the President E pressuring Congress to pass the appropriate legislation to override judicial opinions

D

Senate confirmation is required for which of the following presidential appointments? Secretary of state White House chief of staff Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Attorney general A I only B II and III only C II and IV only D I, III, and IV only E I, II, III, and IV

B

The House Appropriations Committee disagrees with a proposal in the president's annual budget request to increase the number of people eligible for food stamps, consequently leading to the House of Representatives passing a budget that does not increase funding for the program. This ability to check presidential actions is best described as A the bully pulpit B the power of the purse C the oversight function D the line-item veto

C

The President's veto power is accurately described by which of the following statements? A President sometimes threatens to veto a bill that is under discussion in order to influence congressional decision-making. A President typically vetoes about a third of the bills passed by Congress. Congress is usually unable to override a President's veto. A I only B III only C I and III only D II and III only E I, II, and III

C

The Senate must confirm all of the following presidential appointments EXCEPT A United States attorneys B United States Supreme Court justices C White House staff D heads of executive agencies E federal judges

D

The Supreme Court issued a ruling that was unpopular with a majority of Americans. The president and Congress might be able to lessen the impact of the decision by A reducing the pay of the justices to pressure them to reverse their decision B overruling the Supreme Court's decision by a two-thirds vote in Congress C impeaching the justices in the majority D refusing to actively enforce the decision

C

The Supreme Court's decision in Shaw v. Reno (1993) is most applicable to which of the following scenarios? A A public school expels students for protesting school policy. B A state establishes a ban on carrying firearms near schools and churches. C A state legislature approves a redistricting plan that draws district lines on basis of race. D A group of state officials refuse to comply with federal legislation.

B

The boundaries of United States congressional districts are usually determined by A the Federal Election Commission (FEC) B the state legislatures C the House Rules Committee D a conference committee of the House and Senate E the director of the United States Census Bureau

A

The congressional system of standing committees is significant because it A fosters the development of expertise by members B helps Congress reduce staff costs C insulates decision-making from the influence of special interests D weakens Congress in its dealings with the President E prevents Congress from effectively processing its large legislative workload

D

The term "pork barrel" refers to legislation specifically designed to A encourage a balanced federal budget B ensure the careful inspection of farm goods and other foodstuffs C distribute excess produce to the poor D provide funding for local projects that are intended to benefit constituents E equalize representation between farming and nonfarming states

D

The usefulness to the President of having cabinet members as political advisers is undermined by the fact that A the President has little latitude in choosing cabinet members B cabinet members have no political support independent of the President C cabinet members are usually drawn from Congress and retain loyalties to Congress D the loyalties of cabinet members are often divided between loyalty to the President and loyalty to their own executive departments E the cabinet operates as a collective unit and individual members have no access to the President

D

The voting patterns of members of Congress correlate most strongly with A the population density of their districts B their economic background C their educational level D their political party affiliation E the location of their districts

E

When a lower court decision is appealed to the Supreme Court, which of the following is most likely to occur? A The Supreme Court will reconsider the case, and overturn the lower court decision. B The Supreme Court will reprimand the lower court judge for improperly deciding the case. C The plaintiffs or defendents will file motions for a change of venue. D The case will be retried at the lower court level. E The Supreme Court will not hear the appeal.

B

Which of the following accurately compares the powers of Congress and the president? Congress Has Greater Control. President Has Greater Control A Judicial appointments. Foreign policy B Budgetary policy. Cabinet appointments C The bureaucracy. Fiscal policy D Military leadership. Foreign treaties A B C D

B

Which of the following actions by a congressional representative is an example of "pork barreling"? A Misusing campaign contributions B Directing federal funds into the representative's district through legislation C Accepting money from a political action committee (PAC) D Attempting to kill a bill with unacceptable amendments E Voting for a salary increase

D

Which of the following best describes pork barrel politics? A The Office of Management and Budget negotiates with Congress to get the president's budget proposal passed. B Senators from states with agricultural economies promote farm price supports. C Voters in rural areas support different issue positions than do voters in metropolitan areas. D Members of Congress negotiate bills so that individual districts get money for projects that do not benefit the nation as a whole. E Members of the Senate Judiciary Committee refuse to endorse the president's nominees to the federal courts.

A

Which of the following best explains a reason that a president might use a signing statement to express displeasure with a bill as opposed to issuing a veto? A The president may have objections to provisions of a bill but does not want to risk Congress overriding a veto. B Congress has severely curtailed the power of the president to withhold funds for bills that have been adopted. C The Supreme Court is hesitant to acknowledge the president's power to veto legislation. D The president wants to ensure executive agencies do not spend the money appropriated by Congress.

C

Which of the following best explains the principle of stare decisis? A It requires that at least four Supreme Court justices agree to hear a case. B It encourages presidents to take judicial experience into account when nominating judges. C It encourages judges to follow precedent when deciding cases. D It reinforces the philosophy of judicial activism. E It increases the number of cases judges are required to hear.

C

Which of the following clauses serves as the constitutional basis for the federal Real ID Act of 2005, a law that established uniform standards for state-issued identification cards and provided regulation of a state function? A The due process clause B The establishment clause C The necessary and proper clause D The commerce clause

B

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the table? A Forty-six Republicans voted against the bill, which led to a successful filibuster. B The bill was able to pass because some Republicans and Independents voted for it along with all Democrats. C Independents align most strongly with Republicans in the Senate. D The smaller chamber size of the Senate made this bill easier to pass in the Senate than in the House of Representatives.

D

Which of the following congressional plans to create new district maps would most likely face a challenge in the Supreme Court based on precedent? A A state legislature hires a private consulting group to fairly balance districts according to political ideology with the unintended consequence of having no districts that are majority Hispanic. B A district is drawn by a panel of judges to ensure more competitive elections but inadvertently creates more districts that are majority White than majority African American. C A square-shaped contiguous district in which the majority of voters are African American is drawn in a state, using similarity in geographic size as the predominant factor in its creation. D A district that has a majority of African American residents is drawn in a state, using race as the predominant factor in its creation.

C

Which of the following describes the ruling in Shaw v. Reno (1993) ? A The Voting Rights Act was ruled unconstitutional. B The poll tax was eliminated. C Racial gerrymandering was ruled unconstitutional. D It was decided that congressional districts needed to be equal in size.

B

Which of the following is NOT a presidential role authorized by the Constitution? A To be commander in chief of the armed forces B To lead the political party of the President C To negotiate treaties with foreign nations D To be chief executive E To present the State of the Union address

C

Which of the following is a correct comparison of formal and informal powers of the president? A Formal PowerInformal PowerDelivering the State of the Union to CongressIssuing a pardon to a person convicted of a federal crime B Formal PowerInformal PowerNegotiating treaties with leaders of other nationsAppointing ambassadors and receiving diplomats from other nations C Formal PowerInformal PowerUsing the veto to block legislationIssuing executive orders to bureaucratic agencies without having to gain approval from Congress D Formal PowerInformal PowerUsing executive privilege to withhold information from CongressUsing signing statements to interpret various provisions of legislation

D

Which of the following is an accurate statement about committees in Congress? A The work of a committee ends when it submits a bill to the full House or Senate for consideration. B An individual representative or senator can serve on only one committee and one subcommittee. C Membership on key committees such as House Rules and Senate Finance is limited to fixed terms. D Standing committees oversee the bureaucracy's implementation of legislation. E Committee recommendations tend to have little influence on floor voting.

B

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a formal check on the power of the bureaucracy? A A lobbyist representing the National Rifle Association refusing to meet with employees from the Department of Homeland Security B The secretary of defense being called to testify before a congressional committee C The White House chief of staff being formally censured by the president for publicly speaking out against the president's policy goals D A federal judge being impeached for making legal decisions based on bribes

A

Which of the following stages comes first in the policy-making process? A Agenda setting B Legitimation C Program evaluation D Policy formulation E Implementation

B

"Pork barrel" legislation helps the reelection chances of a member of Congress because such legislation A gives the member of Congress national standing and coverage on national television news B helps earn the member of Congress a reputation for service to his or her district C attracts campaign contributions from ideological political action committees (PACs) D prevents other candidates from claiming that the member of Congress is too liberal for his or her district E requires the member of Congress to travel extensively

C

A President attempting to influence Congress to pass a legislative program might employ all of the following strategies EXCEPT A using the media to draw attention to the legislative program B assigning legislative liaisons in the Executive Office of the President to lobby legislators C denying campaign reelection funds to legislators who oppose the President's policy stand D exploiting a partisan majority for the President's party in both the House and Senate E reminding legislators of high popularity ratings for the President in public opinion polls

E

A President may persuade recalcitrant members of Congress to vote for a particular bill by A having members who oppose the bill transferred to unpopular committees B denying campaign funds to members who oppose the bill C threatening to deny renomination to members who oppose the bill D threatening to item veto part of a different bill that enjoys bipartisan support in Congress E making a direct appeal to the public through mass media

C

A United States Supreme Court justice has announced his retirement at the end of the current Supreme Court term. What is the most likely presidential action in response to this announcement? A Confer with House leadership to discuss potential nominees B Confer with the chief justice to discuss potential nominees C Nominate a federal judge who shares the president's ideology D Nominate a sitting senator of the majority party

E

A major difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate is that A filibusters are possible only in the House B revenue bills must originate in the Senate C judicial nominations originate in a House committee D each state has equal representation in the House but not in the Senate E there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House

B

A major reason why the majority of Supreme Court justices have had political experience prior to appointment to the Court is that A justices are expected to act like politicians in their decision-making B Presidents seek to place individuals on the Court whose policy views are similar to their own C the Senate will refuse to confirm any nominee to the Court who is not familiar with the political process D appointment to the Supreme Court is a reward for political party loyalty E the Court is expected to defer to the political branches in making its decisions

D

A member of the United States Senate, Jane Smith, personally opposes a bill that calls for a single-payer system of healthcare, in contrast to the majority of her constituency, who are in favor of the legislation. Based on the trustee model of constituent accountability, which of the following actions will Senator Smith most likely take when it is time to vote on the piece of legislation? A Vote for the bill according to the desires of her constituency. B Vote for the bill to win favor with her party leadership C Vote against the bill to maximize support from interest groups that support her reelection campaign. D Vote against the bill according to her own conscience, which may cause her to lose support among her constituents.

B

A newly elected president faces a Senate controlled by the opposition party. Which of the following presidential appointments is the most likely to encounter difficulty with confirmation by the Senate? A Secretary of defense B Supreme Court justice C Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors D Ambassador to Germany

A

A policy that sets emission standards for automobiles is an example of A regulatory policy B judicial policy C fiscal policy D distributive policy E monetary policy

B

According to the United States Constitution, all revenue bills must A be passed by a conference committee B originate in the House of Representatives C be passed by two-thirds of the Senate D be reviewed by the Supreme Court

B

Congressional district boundaries are usually redrawn every ten years by the A Bureau of the Census B state legislatures C President D House Rules Committee E Federal Election Commission

D

Congressional standing committees are best described as A specially appointed investigative bodies B joint committees of the two houses of Congress C committees created for each session D permanent subject-matter committees E advisory staff agencies

D

In November 2014, President Obama announced an expansion of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program through an executive order. The policy would protect over 700,000 more children of undocumented immigrants from deportation. Republican members of Congress denounced the order as an abuse of executive power. Previously, members of the House of Representatives had voted to defund the program. This scenario best illustrates which of the following? A reluctant bureaucracy can hinder a president's agenda. B Public opinion can influence how Congress responds to a president. C Iron triangles form between members of the president's party and opponents in Congress. D Presidents exert informal powers when their policy agenda conflicts with that of Congress.

B

In many places, classrooms are overcrowded and curricula are outdated. Most of our qualified teachers are underpaid, and many of our paid teachers are unqualified. So we must give every child a place to sit and a teacher to learn from. Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must offer an escape from poverty. Which of the following explains President Johnson's motivation for the speech in relation to his role as the head of the executive branch? A President Johnson believes that Congress will soon pass a bill on education reform, and he would like to be able to claim credit for it. B President Johnson is seeking to use the bully pulpit as a means of promoting his agenda on public education. C President Johnson is expecting the Supreme Court to soon rule on the constitutionality of a law passed by the previous administration. D President Johnson is issuing an executive order calling on local governments to increase training for teachers and address poverty among students.

B

In the United States judicial system, when a judge decides a case based on decisions rendered in similar cases in the past, the judge is following the principle of A amicus curiae B stare decisis C justiciability D diversity E certiorari

D

In the case Twining v. New Jersey (1908), the Supreme Court held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination is not applicable to the states. In 1964 the Supreme Court overruled the decision in Malloy v. Hogan (1964) and held that the right was incorporated to the states. This scenario illustrates which of the following? A The Supreme Court oftentimes overrules lower court decisions. B Constitutional amendments can be used to overturn previous Supreme Court decisions. C The executive branch can sometimes evade Supreme Court decisions. D Ideological changes to the Supreme Court can lead to the overturning of precedent.

E

In trying to influence legislation, the President is generally more successful than congressional leaders in A using the legislative schedule to political advantage B enforcing party discipline C satisfying interest group demands for access to the policy process D effectively using formal parliamentary powers rather than persuasion E using the media to set the policy agenda

D

In vetoing a bill, the President does which of the following? A Rejects only a part of the bill without rejecting it entirely. B Prevents any further action on the bill. C Sends the bill back to conference committee. D Rejects all sections of the bill. E Decides the bill's constitutionality.

A

Supreme Court justices were given tenure subject to good behavior by the framers of the Constitution in order to ensure that A justices are free from direct political pressures B justices remain accountable to the public C justices are encouraged to make politically popular decisions D cooperation between the judicial and legislative branches is assured E Presidents are encouraged to seek younger nominees for the Supreme Court

B

The Supreme Court upholds a law passed by Congress as constitutional. The chief justice states in the majority opinion that previous decisions supporting Congress' power to make laws based on the commerce clause of the Constitution were the basis for the decision. Which of the following legal concepts did the chief justice apply in writing the opinion? A Compliance monitoring B Stare decisis C Overlapping jurisdiction D Judicial activism

C

The Web site healthcare.gov was launched on October 1, 2013, to help citizens purchase health insurance for themselves in accordance with the Affordable Care Act. Within two hours of launch the site crashed. Once it was restored, problems continued, leading to difficulty for users. The following year, Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius was called to testify before the House Energy and Commerce Committee to discuss the issue. The committee held this hearing as part of which of the following functions? A Committee markup B Budget testimony C Oversight D Impeachment

C

The constitutional powers of the president include all of the following EXCEPT A acting as head of military B vetoing legislation C declaring war D granting pardons E appointing ambassadors

A

The data in the table illustrate which of the following about United States constitutional government? A Presidential foreign policy can be checked through the legislative power of Congress. B The president can declare war, but Congress can vote to block funding for wars. C Cloture procedures make it increasingly difficult to filibuster bills in the Senate. D Gerrymandering has intensified partisan divisions in Congress.

B

The doctrine of stare decisis is significant for which of the following reasons? A It establishes the jurisdiction of federal courts in litigation involving two or more states. B It is the principle that affirms that courts are bound by prior decisions. C It is the policy by which the Supreme Court decides which of the appellate cases it will hear. D It directs states to provide a lawyer for people who cannot pay for their own legal defense. E It holds high courts responsible for determining the constitutionality of proposed legislation before it becomes law.

D

The government depicted above is best described by which of the following terms? A Nonpartisan government B Unicameral government C Unitary government D Divided government E Dealigned government

C

The power of the Rules Committee in the House of Representatives rests on its authority to A choose the chairs of other standing committees and issue rules for the selection of subcommittee chairs B initiate all spending legislation and hold budget hearings C place a bill on the legislative calendar, limit time for debate and determine the type of amendments allowed D determine the procedures by white nominations by the President will be approved by the House E Choose the President if no candidate wins a majority in the electoral college

B

To get an important bill passed in the House, a provision is added that allocates $500 million to study the impact of global climate change on manatees in Florida. This is an example of A the free rider problem B pork barrel legislation C an issue network D gerrymandering

C

To influence policy making by the federal courts, the president may do all of the following EXCEPT A take partisanship into account in making judicial appointments B take political ideology into account in making judicial appointments C fire and replace federal judges D make public statements about issues that might appear before the courts E encourage the Justice Department to get involved in cases that test certain issues

A

Which of the following is an action a president can take to rally public support for the administration's legislative agenda? A Use the State of the Union Address to pressure Congress to pass a bill lowering income taxes. B Hold private meetings with key members of Congress to promote a compromise on the budget. C Forge an executive agreement with another country regulating the safety of consumer products. D Sign a bill into law that would provide increased aid to college students.

D

Which of the following is an example of how the innovation of social media can influence presidential behavior? A The president holds a press conference to discuss midterm election results. B The president outlines the administration's legislative agenda in the State of the Union Address. C The president hosts a White House dinner with a foreign head of state. D The president announces the nomination of a cabinet secretary on the Internet.

C

Which of the following is an example of presidential use of informal powers? A President Ronald Reagan nominating Sandra Day O'Connor to the United States Supreme Court B President John F. Kennedy negotiating the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union C President Bill Clinton advocating for public policy reform on his Health Security Express bus D President George W. Bush deploying United States troops to Iraq E President Barack Obama delivering the State of the Union address to Congress

C

Which of the following is the primary reason for the tensions that exist between the legislative and executive branches of the federal government? A Each branch sets and approves the other's budget. B The branches are staffed with many of the same people. C The branches have different constituencies with different interests. D The branches are responsible for the selection of Cabinet-level officials. E Each branch has the constitutional power to levy taxes.

A

Which of the following is true based on the data in the line graph? A The number of bills passed by Congress decreased under G. H. W. Bush. B The number of bills passed by Congress gradually increased under Nixon. C The number of presidential vetoes under Johnson decreased over time. D The number of presidential vetoes under Eisenhower increased over time.

A

Which of the following is true of a presidential veto of a piece of legislation? A It is rarely overridden by Congress. B It is not binding unless supported by the cabinet. C It can only be sustained on revenue bills. D It is automatically reviewed by the United States Supreme Court. E It is subject to approval by a congressional committee.

C

Which of the following is true of the relationship between Congress and executive agencies? A The agencies were created by and work under the direction of Congress. B Agencies, once created, work totally independent of Congress. C Because the agencies have bureaucratic expertise, Congress delegates "rulemaking authority" to them. D Because of differing objectives, their relationships are always adversarial. E Congress creates, staffs, and supervises all executive agencies.

B

Which of the following powers is shared by the House of Representatives and the Senate? A Holding trials of impeachment B Establishing federal courts C Approving treaties D Holding confirmation hearings E Approving major presidential appointments

B

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a president avoiding a check from the judicial branch? A The president signs a bill that reduces the budget of the Department of Justice in response to the department's failure to prosecute white-collar criminals. B The president instructs the bureaucracy to delay implementing policy changes resulting from a Supreme Court decision. C The president vetoes legislation that would constrain the ability of the executive branch to conduct domestic surveillance as it relates to terrorism. D The president issues an executive order declaring lands formerly set aside for conservation protection are now open for mining and oil drilling.

C

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of Congress supporting pork-barrel legislation? A A senator from a coal-producing state voting against a job-training program for coal miners B A member of the House voting for urban renewal in exchange for increased funding for roads C A senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute in his or her state D A member of the House Armed Services Committee marking up a bill that will increase funding for military bases

A

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a case being decided based on precedent? A The Supreme Court bases its decision in a case involving the commerce clause on one of its earlier decisions involving the commerce clause. B The Supreme Court overturns a lower court decision in a case dealing with voter identification laws. C A state passes a law which contradicts federal law, causing the Supreme Court to rule in favor of the federal government. D The chief justice of the Supreme Court disagrees with the majority of the other justices and decides to declare a law passed by Congress as unconstitutional.

B

Which of the following scenarios illustrates how social media has changed the way presidents relate to the public? A A president appearing on a late-night comedy talk show to make jokes about the news B A president announcing a major policy initiative via the Internet rather than calling a press conference C A president allowing film crews to cover a visit to a natural disaster area to highlight federal aid distribution D A president hosting a rally in a swing state to increase support for policies helping the working class

C

Which of the following statements about gerrymandering is true? A It has been banned by United States Supreme Court decisions beginning with Baker v. Carr. B It was used traditionally to maintain urban control of the House of Representatives. C It can be used by a political party to draw boundary lines to control as many districts as possible. D It guarantees greater constituency control over elected representatives. E It ensures liberal control of the House of Representatives.

E

Which of the following statements about rules of procedure in the House and Senate is correct? A Debate by a determined minority in either chamber cannot be halted. B The rules in each chamber are determined by the majority whip. C The rules are specified in Article I of the Constitution. D The rules can be changed by the President during a national emergency. E The House operates more by formal rules, while the Senate operates more on informal understandings.

D

Which of the following statements accurately describes the selection of the caseload for the United States Supreme Court? A The United States Constitution spells out all of the categories of cases that the Supreme Court must hear. B The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has the authority to select the cases that the Court will hear. C The Solicitor General in the Department of Justice determines the Supreme Court's agenda. D The Supreme Court is free to choose the cases it hears with only a few limitations. E The Attorney General screens cases for consideration by the Court.

C

Which of the following statements best describes the Supreme Court's actions with respect to disputes between Congress and the President? A The Court has steadily favored the expansion of presidential power at the expense of Congress. B The Court has refused to allow Congress to subpoena officials from the executive branch. C The Court generally has tried to avoid deciding conflicts between Congress and the President. D The Court has supported congressional limits on the President's powers as commander-in-chief. E The Court has supported congressional use of the legislative veto as a means of controlling the President.

B

Which of the following statements best relates to the information shown in the infographic? A Despite many attempts at reform, some members of the federal bureaucracy are still hired through political patronage. B Like most businesses, the federal government has to seek out well-qualified and diverse job candidates. C Specialized skills, such as a background in STEM, are less important than a degree in political science for most jobs in the bureaucracy. D Most members of the federal bureaucracy work near Washington, D.C., or in state capitals.

B

Which of the following statements is most accurately supported by the data in the table? A President Clinton greatly reduced the use of presidential signing statements compared with his predecessors. B While President George W. Bush issued fewer signing statements than President Clinton, his included more objections than President Clinton's. C President Clinton's brief access to the power of the line-item veto allowed him to issue fewer signing statements that raised concerns about legislation. D President George W. Bush was forced to issue more signing statements as a direct result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

E

Which of the following statements is supported by the chart above? A Both Republican Presidents nominated a greater proportion of Latinos to the judiciary than did either Democratic President. B President Carter made more judicial nominations than President Reagan. C The percentage of nominees to the judiciary who were minorities was higher for Republican Presidents than for Democratic Presidents. D The percentage of nominees to the judiciary who were women was higher for Republican Presidents than for Democratic Presidents. E President Reagan nominated the smallest percentage of women to the judiciary.

C

Which of the following trends is best supported by the information in the table? A The number of treaties has increased over time. B The number of treaties has decreased over time. C The number of executive agreements has increased over time. D The number of executive agreements has decreased over time.

D

Which of the following types of committee deals with broad areas of public policy and can be found in both houses of Congress? A Rules B Select C Joint D Standing E Conference