AP HUG multiple choice/true or false study guide
region
A grouping of similar places, or of places with similar characteristics, is the concept of: a. landscapes b. diffusion c. environment d. region
formal region
A region inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common is a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
vernacular region
A region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a: a. formal region b. functional region c. vernacular region d. cultural region
true
A vernacular region is sometimes centered on a single urban node. a. True b. False
topophilia
The word coined by Yi-Fu Tuan to describe the characteristic of people who exhibit a strong sense of place is: a. cultural geography b. model building c. geographic ideology d. topophilia
to describe the land
The word geography comes from a Greek word meaning: a. to understand culture b. to describe the land (p. 1) c. to build monuments d. to farm the earth
earth description
The word geography means: a. earth description b. earth discovering c. earth graphics d. world mapping
true
The word space is employed mostly by those who build models, while the word place is used mostly by those with a more humanistic view of geography. a. True b. False
true
Ultimately, agricultural patterns cannot be explained by the characteristics of the land and climate alone. true or false?
false
Vernacular regions are usually homogeneous. a. True b. False
true
Vernacular regions, like most regions, generally lack sharp borders. a. True b. False
false
Food preferences and crop choices are influenced by survival needs alone, not belief systems. true or false?
true
Ford and Griffin's model attempted to generalize the Latin American city. a. True b. False
false
Formal and functional regions generally coincide spatially. a. True b. False
true
Formal regions are defined by border zones rather than sharp edges. a. True b. False
a core-periphery pattern
Formal regions typically exhibit: a. a core-periphery pattern b. well-defined boundaries c. functional nodes d. a set of culture traits with identical spatial patterns
false
Functional regions always need to be culturally homogeneous. a. True b. False
false
Functional regions are characterized by functional homogeneity. a. True b. False
true
Geographers seek an integrated, holistic view of humankind true or false?
true
Geographers who study power and ideology tend to focus more on diversity within cultures rather than on differences between cultures. a. True b. False
true
Hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion often work together. a. True b. False
true
If every place on Earth were identical, we would not need geography. true or false?
false
A culture is usually a static, fixed phenomenon. true or false?
vernacular region
A culture region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
ideology
A culture's set of dominant ideas and beliefs is its: a. value system b. mores c. ideology d. stratification system
permeable barrier
A factor that slows, but does not prevent, diffusion is a(n): a. time-distance barrier b. absorbing barrier c. permeable barrier d. impermeable barrier
false
A functional region is culturally homogeneous. a. True b. False
a model
A geographer who uses artificial situations in an attempt to isolate causes is building a: a. model b. space vs. place distinction c. map d. cartogram
true
A good example of a functional node is your state capital. a. True b. False
true
Agricultural patterns are based, in part, on cultural preferences. true or false?
They are synonymous with functional culture regions.
All of the following are true of vernacular regions EXCEPT: a. They are synonymous with functional culture regions. b. They generally lack sharp borders. c. They tend to grow out of people's sense of belonging to and identification with a particular region. d. The inhabitants of a vernacular culture region may accurately claim residence in more than one such region.
people's sense of belonging
At a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of: a. people's sense of belonging b. cultural homogeneity c. popular culture nodes d. functional organization
fuzzy
Because cultures overlap and mix, formal region boundaries are often: a. sharp b. clearly delineated c. geometric d. fuzzy
learned, collective behavior
Culture is: a. instinctive behavior b. inherited, individual behavior c. genetically derived group behavior d. learned, collective behavior
false
Cultures are always internally homogeneous because individual humans never think in exactly the same manner. true or false?
true
Cultures are rarely homogeneous. a. True b. False
true
Diffusion typically produces a core-periphery spatial arrangement. a. True b. False
contagious diffusion
Diseases such as HIV/AIDS often spread through: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion
functional region
Each state within the United States, and each state within Canada, can be considered a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
hierarchical diffusion
In a certain part of the United States, the practice of feng shui gathers adherents in the major cities, jumping from one city to another while bypassing the suburbs and rural areas. In this case, feng shui has demonstrated: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion
stimulus diffusion
In a hot climate, a certain group of people begin to build their homes with very high ceilings so that hot air will rise upward, away from the living space. They also paint their homes white to reflect sunlight away from their houses. In another area 50 miles away, the people start building homes with high ceilings but do not paint their homes white because they consider the color unlucky. This is an example of: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion
vernacular region
In a large city with multiple neighborhoods at different elevations, one part of the city is located at a higher altitude, and the people living in that neighborhood call it The Hills. The Hills is an example of a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
all of the above
In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, a geographer would investigate: 1) climate and soil characteristics 2) available technology 3) cultural preferences 4) food taboos 5) government policies a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 3, 4, and 5 d. all of the above
independent invention
It is believed that a certain plant was domesticated in two different parts of the world, at two different times, by two cultures that never had contact with each other. The domestication of this plant can be considered a case of: a. relocation diffusion b. independent invention c. nodal interaction d. contagious diffusion
true
It is impossible to understand a culture removed from its physical setting. true or false?
relocation diffusion
Jews who were expelled from Spain brought their religious beliefs and practices to the new areas in which they settled. This is a case of: a. expansion diffusion b. contagious diffusion c. hierarchical diffusion d. relocation diffusion
hierarchical
Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) stores now exist in Shanghai, China's largest city, and Beijing, its second major city. Soon, other KFC stores will open in other Chinese cities and towns that are smaller in size in a decreasing order. What type of diffusion does this process illustrate? a. hierarchical b. stimulus c. contagious d. permeable
culture
Learned collective human behavior is known as: a. instinct b. husbandry c. culture d. mores
false
Modern mass media have greatly accelerated diffusion, augmenting the impact of time-distance decay. a. True b. False
false
Most models often conform precisely to reality. a. True b. False
true
Not all functional regions have fixed, precise borders. a. True b. False
true
People must perceive some advantage before they adopt an innovation. a. True b. False
transitional migrants
People who move back and forth between their home nation and the one to which they have migrated are known as: a. refugees b. asylum seekers c. illegal aliens d. transnational migrants
relocation diffusion
Religions frequently spread through: a. expansion diffusion b. contagious diffusion c. hierarchical diffusion d. relocation diffusion
true
Sometimes cultural change is brought about by an individual. true or false?
nodes
State capitals and city halls are both examples of: a. core activities b. nodes c. peripheral functions d. possibilistic architecture
hierarchical diffusion
Sushi originated in Japan, but today it is served in restaurants in many countries. This illustrates the concept of: a. independent invention b. contagious diffusion c. formal regional evolution d. hierarchical diffusion
an absorbing barrier to diffusion
Televisions, videocassette recorders, and videotapes were not permitted in Afghanistan during the regime of the Taliban. This is an example of: a. time-distance decay b. an absorbing barrier to diffusion c. a permeable barrier to diffusion d. stimulus diffusion
functional regions
Texas, New Hampshire, and Illinois are all examples of: a. vernacular regions b. urban regions c. formal regions d. functional regions
formal region
The Amish people live mostly in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding areas. The people of this religious group are known for their simple lifestyles and their rejection of modern conveniences. A map showing the distribution of Amish in Pennsylvania would help to define a(n): a. vernacular region b. urban region c. formal region d. functional region
vernacular regions
The Far West and the Deep South are: a. formal regions b. nodal regions c. physical regions d. vernacular regions
true
The acceptance of cultural innovations decreases with distance. a. True b. False
true
The best conceptual approach to the global diffusion of HIV/AIDS would be hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion reinforcing each other. a. True b. False
functional region
The city of Omaha, Nebraska, is best described as a(n): a. vernacular region b. urban region c. formal region d. functional region
true
The concern for the practical aspects of geography first arose among the ancient Greeks and Romans. true or false?
weaker
The effects of diffusion tend to become ________________ as they move away from the point of impact. a. stronger b. weaker c. more intense d. more abstract
false
The formal region is relatively heterogeneous with regard to six or more cultural traits. a. True b. False
homogeneity
The hallmark of a formal region is cultural: a. diversity b. stratification c. harmony d. homogeneity
relocation
The migration of Europeans into the Western Hemisphere included those people introducing Christianity into the Americas, thereby illustrating the process of this type of diffusion. a. stimulus b. hierarchical c. contagious d. relocation
infinite
The number of formal regions recognized by geographers is: a. zero b. approximately 500 c. approximately 20,000 d. infinite
functional regions
The pattern of church attendance and the distribution area of a first-run film are: a. formal regions b. functional regions c. relocation regions d. vernacular regions
stimulus
The people of Siberia domesticated reindeer after learning about cattle being domesticated by people to their south. This is an example of which type of diffusion? a. contagious b. hierarchical c. stimulus d. vernacular
diffusion
The spread of people, ideas, or things from one location to other locations where these items are not initially found is: a. diffusion b. interaction c. ecology d. teleology
region, mobility, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape
The study of the human mosaic is organized around these five geographical concepts or themes: a. region, mobility, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape b. climates, soils, globalization, cultural landscape, and region c. mobility, region, globalization, diplomacy, and cultural landscape d. mobility, immigration, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape
globalization
The term ____________________ is used to refer to an increasingly linked world in which international borders diminish in importance as a worldwide market is created. a. diffusion b. ecological development c. hierarchical organization d. globalization
space
The term used to describe an abstract location on a map is: a. model b. space c. place d. toponym
circulation
The term used to identify mobility as an ongoing set of movements is: a. migration b. circulation c. orientation d. transnationalism
every place on earth was identical
We would not need geography if: a. all countries had common boundaries b. every place on earth were identical c. geological structures were different d. all regions were significantly heterogeneous
formal
What type of region is a uniform area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common? a. functional b. dynamic c. nodal d. formal
true
When you go to your college campus, you are visiting a node in a functional region. a. True b. False
continental region
Which is NOT a type of region recognized by human geographers? a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
it carries the same connotation as space
Which is NOT true about place? a. It is unique. b. It possesses emotional qualities. c. It is part of human identity. d. It carries the same connotation as space.
a region showing the readership of a particular magazine
Which of the following does NOT represent a formal region? a. a region that grows pistachios b. a region in which Welsh is spoken c. a region showing the readership of a particular magazine d. a region in which the descendants of American slaves live
a distribution network of the Washington Post
Which of the following is NOT a formal region? a. a corn-growing county in Iowa b. a distribution network of the Washington Post c. a Chinese community in California's San Gabriel Valley d. the part of Russia called Siberia
genetics
Which of the following is NOT a part of culture? a. genetics b. ideology c. value systems d. livelihood
relocation
Which of the following is NOT a type of expansion diffusion? a. relocation b. hierarchical c. contagious d. stimulus
religion
Which of the following is NOT an example of a functional region? a. religion b. county c. city d. precinct
the spurring of revolution in the Muslim countries of North Africa via the Internet
Which of the following is not an example of an early global encounter? a. trade along the ancient Silk Road in Asia b. the maintenance of maritime trade routes between England and South Asia in the seventeenth century c. the spurring of revolution in the Muslim countries of North Africa via the Internet d. eighteenth-century wars among the people of the Middle East
its key theorists
Which of the following is not essential to the understanding of a culture? a. its physical habitat b. its environmental context c. its ecological aspects d. its key theorists
model building
Which perspective on human geography tends to minimize diversity the most? a. power and ideology b. topophilia c. model building d. sense of place
Their interpretation varies widely.
Which statement is NOT true of functional regions? a. Their borders may or may not be clearly defined. b. Their interpretation varies widely. c. They generally do not coincide spatially with formal culture regions. d. They are concrete rather than abstract entities.
functional region
Which type of region is organized to operate politically, socially, or economically as one unit? a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region
anatomy
Which would NOT be studied by human geography? religion b. language c. government d. anatomy
government
Which would NOT be studied by physical geography? a. climate b. terrain c. Government d. vegetation
contagious
While at opposite ends of the emotional spectrum, a joke spreading quickly throughout an office and cholera claiming a victim from every household in a village are both examples of which type of diffusion? a. hierarchical b. relocation c. contact d. contagious
false
While functional regions have a core and periphery, formal regions do not. a. True b. False
at the core
Within a formal region, the cultural traits tend to be strongest: a. at the core b. in the periphery c. on the outskirts d. in the border zone
false
World crop distributions can be explained by land and climate characteristics alone. true or false?
independent
________ invention occurs when the same or very similar innovation is separately developed at different places by different peoples. a. Relocation b. Independent c. Expansion d. Contagious
absorbing
______________ barriers completely halt diffusion. a. Time-distance decay b. Permeable c. Absorbing d. Osmotic
