AP HUG multiple choice/true or false study guide

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region

A grouping of similar places, or of places with similar characteristics, is the concept of: a. landscapes b. diffusion c. environment d. region

formal region

A region inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common is a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

vernacular region

A region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a: a. formal region b. functional region c. vernacular region d. cultural region

true

A vernacular region is sometimes centered on a single urban node. a. True b. False

topophilia

The word coined by Yi-Fu Tuan to describe the characteristic of people who exhibit a strong sense of place is: a. cultural geography b. model building c. geographic ideology d. topophilia

to describe the land

The word geography comes from a Greek word meaning: a. to understand culture b. to describe the land (p. 1) c. to build monuments d. to farm the earth

earth description

The word geography means: a. earth description b. earth discovering c. earth graphics d. world mapping

true

The word space is employed mostly by those who build models, while the word place is used mostly by those with a more humanistic view of geography. a. True b. False

true

Ultimately, agricultural patterns cannot be explained by the characteristics of the land and climate alone. true or false?

false

Vernacular regions are usually homogeneous. a. True b. False

true

Vernacular regions, like most regions, generally lack sharp borders. a. True b. False

false

Food preferences and crop choices are influenced by survival needs alone, not belief systems. true or false?

true

Ford and Griffin's model attempted to generalize the Latin American city. a. True b. False

false

Formal and functional regions generally coincide spatially. a. True b. False

true

Formal regions are defined by border zones rather than sharp edges. a. True b. False

a core-periphery pattern

Formal regions typically exhibit: a. a core-periphery pattern b. well-defined boundaries c. functional nodes d. a set of culture traits with identical spatial patterns

false

Functional regions always need to be culturally homogeneous. a. True b. False

false

Functional regions are characterized by functional homogeneity. a. True b. False

true

Geographers seek an integrated, holistic view of humankind true or false?

true

Geographers who study power and ideology tend to focus more on diversity within cultures rather than on differences between cultures. a. True b. False

true

Hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion often work together. a. True b. False

true

If every place on Earth were identical, we would not need geography. true or false?

false

A culture is usually a static, fixed phenomenon. true or false?

vernacular region

A culture region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

ideology

A culture's set of dominant ideas and beliefs is its: a. value system b. mores c. ideology d. stratification system

permeable barrier

A factor that slows, but does not prevent, diffusion is a(n): a. time-distance barrier b. absorbing barrier c. permeable barrier d. impermeable barrier

false

A functional region is culturally homogeneous. a. True b. False

a model

A geographer who uses artificial situations in an attempt to isolate causes is building a: a. model b. space vs. place distinction c. map d. cartogram

true

A good example of a functional node is your state capital. a. True b. False

true

Agricultural patterns are based, in part, on cultural preferences. true or false?

They are synonymous with functional culture regions.

All of the following are true of vernacular regions EXCEPT: a. They are synonymous with functional culture regions. b. They generally lack sharp borders. c. They tend to grow out of people's sense of belonging to and identification with a particular region. d. The inhabitants of a vernacular culture region may accurately claim residence in more than one such region.

people's sense of belonging

At a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of: a. people's sense of belonging b. cultural homogeneity c. popular culture nodes d. functional organization

fuzzy

Because cultures overlap and mix, formal region boundaries are often: a. sharp b. clearly delineated c. geometric d. fuzzy

learned, collective behavior

Culture is: a. instinctive behavior b. inherited, individual behavior c. genetically derived group behavior d. learned, collective behavior

false

Cultures are always internally homogeneous because individual humans never think in exactly the same manner. true or false?

true

Cultures are rarely homogeneous. a. True b. False

true

Diffusion typically produces a core-periphery spatial arrangement. a. True b. False

contagious diffusion

Diseases such as HIV/AIDS often spread through: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion

functional region

Each state within the United States, and each state within Canada, can be considered a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

hierarchical diffusion

In a certain part of the United States, the practice of feng shui gathers adherents in the major cities, jumping from one city to another while bypassing the suburbs and rural areas. In this case, feng shui has demonstrated: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion

stimulus diffusion

In a hot climate, a certain group of people begin to build their homes with very high ceilings so that hot air will rise upward, away from the living space. They also paint their homes white to reflect sunlight away from their houses. In another area 50 miles away, the people start building homes with high ceilings but do not paint their homes white because they consider the color unlucky. This is an example of: a. relocation diffusion b. hierarchical diffusion c. contagious diffusion d. stimulus diffusion

vernacular region

In a large city with multiple neighborhoods at different elevations, one part of the city is located at a higher altitude, and the people living in that neighborhood call it The Hills. The Hills is an example of a: a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

all of the above

In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, a geographer would investigate: 1) climate and soil characteristics 2) available technology 3) cultural preferences 4) food taboos 5) government policies a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 3, 4, and 5 d. all of the above

independent invention

It is believed that a certain plant was domesticated in two different parts of the world, at two different times, by two cultures that never had contact with each other. The domestication of this plant can be considered a case of: a. relocation diffusion b. independent invention c. nodal interaction d. contagious diffusion

true

It is impossible to understand a culture removed from its physical setting. true or false?

relocation diffusion

Jews who were expelled from Spain brought their religious beliefs and practices to the new areas in which they settled. This is a case of: a. expansion diffusion b. contagious diffusion c. hierarchical diffusion d. relocation diffusion

hierarchical

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) stores now exist in Shanghai, China's largest city, and Beijing, its second major city. Soon, other KFC stores will open in other Chinese cities and towns that are smaller in size in a decreasing order. What type of diffusion does this process illustrate? a. hierarchical b. stimulus c. contagious d. permeable

culture

Learned collective human behavior is known as: a. instinct b. husbandry c. culture d. mores

false

Modern mass media have greatly accelerated diffusion, augmenting the impact of time-distance decay. a. True b. False

false

Most models often conform precisely to reality. a. True b. False

true

Not all functional regions have fixed, precise borders. a. True b. False

true

People must perceive some advantage before they adopt an innovation. a. True b. False

transitional migrants

People who move back and forth between their home nation and the one to which they have migrated are known as: a. refugees b. asylum seekers c. illegal aliens d. transnational migrants

relocation diffusion

Religions frequently spread through: a. expansion diffusion b. contagious diffusion c. hierarchical diffusion d. relocation diffusion

true

Sometimes cultural change is brought about by an individual. true or false?

nodes

State capitals and city halls are both examples of: a. core activities b. nodes c. peripheral functions d. possibilistic architecture

hierarchical diffusion

Sushi originated in Japan, but today it is served in restaurants in many countries. This illustrates the concept of: a. independent invention b. contagious diffusion c. formal regional evolution d. hierarchical diffusion

an absorbing barrier to diffusion

Televisions, videocassette recorders, and videotapes were not permitted in Afghanistan during the regime of the Taliban. This is an example of: a. time-distance decay b. an absorbing barrier to diffusion c. a permeable barrier to diffusion d. stimulus diffusion

functional regions

Texas, New Hampshire, and Illinois are all examples of: a. vernacular regions b. urban regions c. formal regions d. functional regions

formal region

The Amish people live mostly in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding areas. The people of this religious group are known for their simple lifestyles and their rejection of modern conveniences. A map showing the distribution of Amish in Pennsylvania would help to define a(n): a. vernacular region b. urban region c. formal region d. functional region

vernacular regions

The Far West and the Deep South are: a. formal regions b. nodal regions c. physical regions d. vernacular regions

true

The acceptance of cultural innovations decreases with distance. a. True b. False

true

The best conceptual approach to the global diffusion of HIV/AIDS would be hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion reinforcing each other. a. True b. False

functional region

The city of Omaha, Nebraska, is best described as a(n): a. vernacular region b. urban region c. formal region d. functional region

true

The concern for the practical aspects of geography first arose among the ancient Greeks and Romans. true or false?

weaker

The effects of diffusion tend to become ________________ as they move away from the point of impact. a. stronger b. weaker c. more intense d. more abstract

false

The formal region is relatively heterogeneous with regard to six or more cultural traits. a. True b. False

homogeneity

The hallmark of a formal region is cultural: a. diversity b. stratification c. harmony d. homogeneity

relocation

The migration of Europeans into the Western Hemisphere included those people introducing Christianity into the Americas, thereby illustrating the process of this type of diffusion. a. stimulus b. hierarchical c. contagious d. relocation

infinite

The number of formal regions recognized by geographers is: a. zero b. approximately 500 c. approximately 20,000 d. infinite

functional regions

The pattern of church attendance and the distribution area of a first-run film are: a. formal regions b. functional regions c. relocation regions d. vernacular regions

stimulus

The people of Siberia domesticated reindeer after learning about cattle being domesticated by people to their south. This is an example of which type of diffusion? a. contagious b. hierarchical c. stimulus d. vernacular

diffusion

The spread of people, ideas, or things from one location to other locations where these items are not initially found is: a. diffusion b. interaction c. ecology d. teleology

region, mobility, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape

The study of the human mosaic is organized around these five geographical concepts or themes: a. region, mobility, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape b. climates, soils, globalization, cultural landscape, and region c. mobility, region, globalization, diplomacy, and cultural landscape d. mobility, immigration, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape

globalization

The term ____________________ is used to refer to an increasingly linked world in which international borders diminish in importance as a worldwide market is created. a. diffusion b. ecological development c. hierarchical organization d. globalization

space

The term used to describe an abstract location on a map is: a. model b. space c. place d. toponym

circulation

The term used to identify mobility as an ongoing set of movements is: a. migration b. circulation c. orientation d. transnationalism

every place on earth was identical

We would not need geography if: a. all countries had common boundaries b. every place on earth were identical c. geological structures were different d. all regions were significantly heterogeneous

formal

What type of region is a uniform area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common? a. functional b. dynamic c. nodal d. formal

true

When you go to your college campus, you are visiting a node in a functional region. a. True b. False

continental region

Which is NOT a type of region recognized by human geographers? a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

it carries the same connotation as space

Which is NOT true about place? a. It is unique. b. It possesses emotional qualities. c. It is part of human identity. d. It carries the same connotation as space.

a region showing the readership of a particular magazine

Which of the following does NOT represent a formal region? a. a region that grows pistachios b. a region in which Welsh is spoken c. a region showing the readership of a particular magazine d. a region in which the descendants of American slaves live

a distribution network of the Washington Post

Which of the following is NOT a formal region? a. a corn-growing county in Iowa b. a distribution network of the Washington Post c. a Chinese community in California's San Gabriel Valley d. the part of Russia called Siberia

genetics

Which of the following is NOT a part of culture? a. genetics b. ideology c. value systems d. livelihood

relocation

Which of the following is NOT a type of expansion diffusion? a. relocation b. hierarchical c. contagious d. stimulus

religion

Which of the following is NOT an example of a functional region? a. religion b. county c. city d. precinct

the spurring of revolution in the Muslim countries of North Africa via the Internet

Which of the following is not an example of an early global encounter? a. trade along the ancient Silk Road in Asia b. the maintenance of maritime trade routes between England and South Asia in the seventeenth century c. the spurring of revolution in the Muslim countries of North Africa via the Internet d. eighteenth-century wars among the people of the Middle East

its key theorists

Which of the following is not essential to the understanding of a culture? a. its physical habitat b. its environmental context c. its ecological aspects d. its key theorists

model building

Which perspective on human geography tends to minimize diversity the most? a. power and ideology b. topophilia c. model building d. sense of place

Their interpretation varies widely.

Which statement is NOT true of functional regions? a. Their borders may or may not be clearly defined. b. Their interpretation varies widely. c. They generally do not coincide spatially with formal culture regions. d. They are concrete rather than abstract entities.

functional region

Which type of region is organized to operate politically, socially, or economically as one unit? a. vernacular region b. continental region c. formal region d. functional region

anatomy

Which would NOT be studied by human geography? religion b. language c. government d. anatomy

government

Which would NOT be studied by physical geography? a. climate b. terrain c. Government d. vegetation

contagious

While at opposite ends of the emotional spectrum, a joke spreading quickly throughout an office and cholera claiming a victim from every household in a village are both examples of which type of diffusion? a. hierarchical b. relocation c. contact d. contagious

false

While functional regions have a core and periphery, formal regions do not. a. True b. False

at the core

Within a formal region, the cultural traits tend to be strongest: a. at the core b. in the periphery c. on the outskirts d. in the border zone

false

World crop distributions can be explained by land and climate characteristics alone. true or false?

independent

________ invention occurs when the same or very similar innovation is separately developed at different places by different peoples. a. Relocation b. Independent c. Expansion d. Contagious

absorbing

______________ barriers completely halt diffusion. a. Time-distance decay b. Permeable c. Absorbing d. Osmotic


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