AP Human Geo Chapter 3 Key Issue 1 & 2

Immigration Reform and Control Act

1986, issued several hundred thousand people who had entered the United States in previous years without legal documentation

What caused immigration from Latin America to the United States to increase?

Immigrants from Latin America are drawn to the United States in order to find better living conditions and better jobs.

For what two reasons have people been migrating to the South in recent years?

People have been moving to the South for the job opportunities as well as a warmer climate. This has led to large population growth and industry growth, aggravating some other regions.

What developments in transportation eventually encouraged settlement to the Mississippi?

People wanted to be able to get large amounts of land for a low price, so they moved to unsettled areas like Mississippi.

What types of push factors are usually responsible for forced migration (refugees)?

Political or environmental factors are usually responsible for forced migration.

Using figure 3-1 from your textbook, briefly state what one would expect to occur, in terms of migration, in each stage of the demographic transition model, as it is applied to a migration transition.

Stage 1: high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food Stage 2: high international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas Stage 3: high international immigration and intraregional migration from rural to urban areas Stage 4: same as stage 3

In what stage of the Demographic Transition are most countries that send out immigrants?

Stage 2

Although the reasons people leave their countries to immigrate to the U.S. have not changed over time, what has changed here in the U.S.?

The United States has become less sparsely populated and has advanced in the amount of land it has, shown by the closing of the border to latin america when the states of New Mexico and Arizona were bought.

What was the first intervening obstacle which hindered American settlement of the interior of the continent?

The colonists didn't want to leave the coasts because they were dependent on the shipping from those areas. Also, the Appalachian Mountains were a physical block to their path.

What is the most famous example of large-scale interregional migration in the U.S.?

The most famous example of large scale interregional migration in the U.S. is the migration to the American West, because as the country grew this area became more established.

What is the "population center" (see Figure 3-9)?

The population center is the average location of everyone in the country, known also as the "center of population gravity".

How did the railroads encourage settlement of the American interior?

The railroads encouraged settlement because the people could use the land to farm and ship their good through the railway system to the coasts for people to consume and buy.

Why was settlement of the Great Plains slow to come with settlers passing it by for California and the west coast?

The settlement of the Great Plains was slow because there was the Gold Rush in California, which people gravitated towards for the money in gold, but once it ran dry they moved to the fertile great plains.

What are the three countries that sent out the most immigrants from Asia in recent years?

The top countries in Asia that sent immigrants are China, the Philippines, India, and Vietnam.

What types of push factors are usually responsible for voluntary migration?

Usually economic improvement is a push factor responsible for voluntary migration.

Canada Interregional Migration

Where: Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan Why: It doesn't say exactly why, but I believe it is because these place were more urbanized. How: It seems to have happened naturally, without influence from the government.

Russia Interregional Migration

Where: Russia wanted its citizens to move to the sparsely inhabited asia portion Why: They wanted to construct various things in this area, like factories and railways. Also these areas were rich with resources which the soviet union wanted to use. How: The offered incentives for individuals to move to these areas, like more paid holidays and early retirement.

Brazil Interregional Migration

Where: The east coast is inhabited because of the large cities, but the tropical center is very sparsely inhabited. Why: To try and divide up the population more evenly within the country. How: They moved the capital from the coastal town of Rio to Brasilia, which is in the center of the country. This has inspired individuals to move to the middle for jobs.

China Interregional Migration

Where: They have moved from rural areas to urban centers along the east coast. Why: They are looking for more job opportunities such as factory jobs. How: At one point the government severely restricted the people's right to inter regionally migrate, but those restrictions have since been lifted.

Internal Migration

a permanent move within the same country

Urbanization

an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements, in US- As a result of factory jobs being created in the cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution

Migration Transition

identified by Wilbur Zelinsky, which consists of changes in a society compatable to those

Voluntary Migration

migrant has chosen to move, especially for economic improvement

Emigration

migration from a location

Forced Migration

migration has been compelled to move, especially by political or environmental factors

Immigration

migration to a location

Interregional Migration

movement from one region of a country to another

Intraregional Migration

movement within one region

Counterurbanization

net migration from urban to rural areas

Suburbanization

the growth in the amount of individuals living in the suburbs, in US- Individuals moving towards suburbs for better quality schools

International Migration

the permanent move from one country to another

What are Ravenstein's two laws for distance in relation of migrants?

1. most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country 2. long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity

Read the section, International Migration Patterns on page 81, and then make 5 summary statements regarding global migration patterns.

Around 9% of people in the world do not live in the country they were born in. The three largest flows of migrants are: from asia to europe, from asia to north america, from latin america to north america. The United States has more foreign born residents than any other country, growing by 1 million annually. The highest rates of immigrants coming into the country are in petroleum exporting countries in Southwest Asia, because they will work in dangerous conditions. Migrants who come from areas of low income and high natural increase tend to move to wealthy countries in order to find jobs.