AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY EXAM STUDY
States cooperate with each other for what kind of reasons?
Political, economic, & military
What are the criticisms of structural adjustment programs?
Poverty Worsens, Cuts in Education,
Mining, agriculture, and drilling are examples of what types of jobs?
Primary
What does it suggest when a country has a large percentage of people working in agriculture?
Primary jobs, high illiteracy less GEM
What patterns do we see between the 3 sectors?
Primary sector has decreased in LDCs but is still higher than MDCs. Secondary sector has decreased in MDCs and is now less than LDCs. Tertiary sector is large and still growing in MDCs.
What is the AP definition of development?
Process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
The value of a product when compared to the amount of labor needed to make it is known as?
Productivity
Features of the U.S. landscape, such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels,
Promote a uniform landscape
Popular customs are more likely than folk customs to
Rapidly diffuse through modern communication systems
Identify examples of quarternary economic activities.
Real Estate legal services maintenance
Folk cultures are spread primarily by
Relocation diffusion
What is vegetative planting?
Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
What is seed agriculture?
Reproduction of plants through planting of seeds.
What types of jobs are in the tertiary sector?
Retail banking law education government
Identify examples of tertiary economic activities.
Retail, Banking, Law, Education, Government
The world's largest state is
Russia
Identify examples of quinary economic activities.
Scientific Research, High Management
Automobile manufacturing, production of clothing, and making of other manufactured goods would fall under what category of jobs?
Secondary
Which level of jobs are associated with countries like Indonesia and Iran?
Secondary
What was Japan's principal asset in development?
Skilled labor force that specializes in high quality and high value for a low price
An example of a perforated state is
South Africa
Where are LDCs located (in terms of the North/South divide, Core/Periphery, Brandt Line, and Domain/Sphere)?
South divide periphery below brandt
"Country" music in the United States generally has its roots in which of the following song areas?
Southern and Appalachia song area
In what three ways does the English used in the United States differ from the English used in the U.K.
Spelling, Pronunciation, Vocabulary
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Stopped the spread of Communism
People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because
Strong desire to preserve unique customs
A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom is a
Taboo
Who are the four Asian dragons?
Taiwan South Korea Hong Kong Singapore
The most populous country not a member of the UN is
Taiwan.
Under the self sufficiency model what three things hindered international trade?
Tariffs, Quotas, and Licenses
What are the 3 barriers to international investments?
Taxes, quotas limiting the quantity of goods, and the requirement of licenses to restrict legal importers.
Folk songs are distinguished from popular songs because they
Tell a story about daily activities
Which area of employment is increasing in MDCs?
Teritiary (quarternary/quinary)
The service industry falls under what category of jobs?
Tertiary
Which level of jobs are associated with MDCs?
Tertiary
What are some examples of international trade?
The Arabian Peninsula and the Four Asian Dragons (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong)
What is HDI?
The Human Development Index
What is life expectancy?
The average amount of time that people are supposed to live
What was a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras?
The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past.
What does per capita GDP show?
The potential for citizens to enjoy a comfortable life
What is developmemt?
The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of technology and knowledge
Hip hop music originated in New York the late 1970s in
The south Bronx
What are the 5 stages of Rostow's Development Model?
The traditional society, the preconditions for takeoff, the takeoff, the drive to maturity, and the age of mass consumption.
What is productivity?
The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.
What is happening with Russia's economy?
Their HDI decreased after the Soviet Union, increased after the export of oil, and is now expected to decrease because of the global recession. It is currently at 0.73 HDI
What is happening with China's economy?
Their are paying their workers lower amounts of money than MDCs so they can manufacture more goods. Their HDI is 0.72
By 1900, the British could claim all but which of the following about their empire?
Their largest colonies had become independent by then.
Where do today's hunter's and gatherers live in the world?
These people live in isolated locations. - The Arctic - The interior of Africa - The interior of Australia - The interior of South Ameria
What does the IFR (infant mortality rate), NIR, and CBR have in common?
They are all larger in LDCs than in MDCs
What are consumer goods?
They are items that make life easier.
Today, house types in the United States are distinguished by all but which of the following?
They can still be divided into three distinct regions.
What is happening in South Asia?
They get money from planting rice and wheat only if the monsoons arrive. (NO monsoons = NO money)
What is happening in Latin America?
They have MDCs conditions in large cities near the coast but have LDCs conditions away from the coast. Their HDI is 0.82
What is happening in Southeast Asia?
They have bad conditions for farming but plant things that help in manufacturing like palm oil. Their HDI is 0.73
What is happening with Japan's economy?
They sold products at low prices to gain control of the economy and are now selling high-value products like electronics and cars. Their HDI is 0.96
What is the role of the world bank?
To lend money to ledcs for development.
What are the 5 stages of Walt Rostow's model? Name a few characteristics of each.
Traditional society-lots of subsistence agriculture
Leaders of many developing countries fear that the spread of American popular culture will destroy traditional social behavior
True
The physical environment commonly plays an important role in the development of unique folk customs
True
Two social groups living in close proximity will retain unique social customs if there is limited interaction between them
True
What are the 3 problems with promoting development through the international trade model? (biggest)
Uneven Resource Distribution
What are some problems with international trade?
Uneven resource distribution, increased dependence on MDCs, and market decline.
In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low
Utah
Define gross domestic product.
Value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time.
When you look at the various levels of development within nations it can be concluded that there is a high degree of _____________ in the different regions. (Mexico, Brazil).
Variation
Why does Southwest Asia and Norh Africa have greater potential for development?
Very valuable petroleum
How is Walmart helping China?
Walmart is manufacturing most of their products in China and then are shipping the products to the US for distribution
What is the key problem with using GDP or PC GDP as an economic indicator ?
Wealth is not evenly distributed
The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in
Western Europe
Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because
Western perspectives may become more dominant
Are all the indicators of development associated with one another?
Yes
A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services? A) state capital B) hospital C) shopping mall D) retirement community
a
A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a? A) basic industry. B) functional classification. C) nonbasic industry. D) primate city. E) consumer service.
a
According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related? A) directly to population and inversely to distance. B) directly to distance and inversely to population. C) directly to both population and distance. D) inversely to both distance and population. E) to the presence of other services
a
Defining cities based on business services found in each gives the ordered hierarchy of? A) world cities, command and control centers, specialized producer-service centers, and dependent centers. B) command and control centers, secondary world cities, specialized producer-service centers, and dependent centers. C) dominant world cities, major world cities, command and control centers, and secondary world cities. D) manufacturing centers, military centers, mining centers, and resort, retirement, and residential centers.
a
Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10
a
One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is? A) manufacturing of durable goods. B) manufacturing of textiles. C) entertainment and recreation facilities. D) government and education. E) high technology services.
a
Periodic markets feature? A) vendors who move to serve more towns. B) prices that change on a seasonal schedule. C) large sales after the holiday season. D) specialized business services.
a
Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in? A) agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) services. D) education. E) all of the above
a
Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of? A) talent and diversity. B) central places. C) rural and urban settlements. D) business and consumer services
a
The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the? A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
a
The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to? A) bury the dead. B) educate children. C) protect the group's assets. D) house the ruler. E) celebrate seasonal festivals
a
The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to? A) encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C) discourage urbanization. D) increase rural population. E) all of the above
a
The process of using comparable markets to help geographers predict the market share of a proposed new store is called the? A) analog method. B) gravity model. C) central place theory. D) hinterland model
a
Two major benefits many LDCs offer in the financial services sector are? A) tax breaks and privacy. B) command and control centers and low wages. C) dependent centers and tax breaks. D) command and control centers and dependent centers. E) privacy and low wages
a
Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the ________ and ________ of people living in cities. A) number and percentage B) number and homogeneity C) percentage and density D) density and homogeneity E) size and density
a
What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs? A) telecommunications B) standard time zones C) improved public health services in tropical countries D) financial market reforms E) effective trademark enforcement
a
Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? A) professional services B) retail services C) education services D) health services E) hospitality services
a
Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania? A) Consumers do not all have access to goods and services. B) The capital city Bucharest is a primate city. C) Consumers do not have to travel far for goods and services. D) Consumers are less likely to take buses to obtain goods and services. E) Central planning improved settlement distribution.
a
World cities are defined by? A) the number and type of business services found there. B) their total population. C) their location relative to other cities. D) B and C
a
The problems experienced by Cyprus during the past four decades include all but which of the following?
a partition of the island by the British as part of independence
With the breakup of the Soviet Union, most Russians
are clustered in Russia's western regions.
A primate city is? A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city. C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. D) a rapidly growing city. E) the center of gravity for a hinterland.
b
Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it? A) changes the community's functional classification. B) stimulates new nonbasic industries. C) disrupts the central place hierarchy. D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. E) replaces obsolete industry.
b
Business services provide what kind of services? A) diffusion and distribution of services B) services to businesses C) services for the wellbeing of individuals D) security and protection E) product sales
b
Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) all of the above
b
The city-state is an example of A) an early form of urban settlement. B) a state dominated by its major city. C) a functional region. D) a local government of the Roman Empire. E) diffuse political functions
b
The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is? A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon
b
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is? A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
b
The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to? A) destroy traditional village life. B) promote agricultural efficiency. C) replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads. D) discourage urbanization. E) all of the above
b
The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the? A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. B) placement of buildings around a central market square. C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. E) broad avenues in residential districts.
b
Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution? A) Urbanization promoted the Industrial Revolution. B) The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization. C) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years. D) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years. E) Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are unrelated.
b
a central place is a? A) hinterland. B) market center. C) range of a good. D) rank-size distribution. E) circular settlement
b
Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts of political violence
because attacks are aimed at ordinary people.
1) The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by A) low wages and geographic situation factors b) Indian Students' ability to work at night and geographic situation factors c) low wages and wide use of english d) wide use of English and the large number of working students e) none of the above
c
A market area is a good example of what kind of region? A) cultural B) formal C) functional D) uniform E) diverse
c
Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are? A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together. E) more numerous and evenly dispersed.
c
If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000
c
If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant
c
Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban settlement D) metropolitan area E) primordial
c
The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements? A) development of city-states B) rapid urbanization C) reduction in urban population D) revival of urban life E) increased trade
c
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is? A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
c
The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were
city-states
A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a
colony
Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?
compact
Imperialism
control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society
colonialism
control or previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land.
A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) urban B) linear C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) primordial
d
According to the range concept of Central Place Theory, people should be willing to travel far distances for a(n) ________ and only willing to travel short distances for ________.? A) championship sporting event; a cup of coffee B) flight out of an airport; groceries C) wedding; a fast food restaurant D) all of the above E) none of the above
d
Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that A) the people with whom you relax are probably the same ones you see at work. B) the people are more alike than in rural settlements. C) you compete for limited space. D) you may feel lonely and isolated in a crowd. E) you play a specialized role in the urban economy.
d
In a country with a primate city? A) the largest city is more than twice as large than the second largest city. B) the country's n-th largest city is 1/n-th the population of the largest city. C) goods and services may not be evenly distributed throughout the country. D) A and C. E) B and C.
d
In a linear community, the best location for a service is the? A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
d
The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of? A) collective land ownership. B) common grazing land. C) inheritance laws. D) need for access to a river. E) long distance between farms.
d
The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the? A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements.
d
What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs? A) political stability and cultural diversity B) market threshold and service range C) military training and proximity to command and control centers D) low wage rates and workers who can speak English E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws
d
Which of the following is a basic economic activity? A) video rental store B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency
d
Which of the following statements best describes an impact of the global recession that occurred in 2008 A) MDCs were affected more than LDCs. B) It was the first absolute decline in world GDP since the 1930s. C) The Midwest, South, and Western regions of the US were hit disproportionately harder than other areas of the US. D) all of the above
d
Which services constitute up to two-thirds of GDP in MDCs? A) business B) consumer C) public D) the combination of all three of the above E) none of the above
d
After the fall of communism, Poland
delegated more authority to local governments.
Boundaries were redrawn in much of Europe after World War I according to the
distribution of languages
The Kurds are
divided among more than one state.
According to Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have? A) larger size. B) higher density. C) more heterogeneity. D) A and B E) all of the above
e
Dispersed rural settlements, typically found in the North American rural landscape, are comprised of? A) farmers living alongside neighbors in settlements B) farmers living in a central space surrounded by structures C) farmers clustered along a river or road to facilitate communication amongst each other D) all of the above E) none of the above
e
LDCs specialize in what two types of business services? A) management consulting and staff training B) regional command and control centers C) biotechnology and medical research D) entertainment and recreation E) offshore financial and back office
e
The important element of urbanization is an increase in the A) number of people living in urban settlements. B) percentage of people living in urban settlements. C) land area occupied by urban settlements. D) B and C E) all of the above
e
Which of the following is a reason for establishing a settlement? A) religion B) politics C) manufacturing D) family protection E) all of the above
e
Which of the following is considered to be an original hearth of urban settlement? A) Mesopatamia B) Egypt C) China D) Indus Valley E) all of the above
e
NAFTA is primarily what kind of cooperative effort?
economic
Which of the three migration factors has been the most important pull factor for immigration to the U.S.?
economic
Korea is a good example of a
ethnicity divided between more than one state
The Aozou Strip is a good example of a
geometric boundary
A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes all but which of the following?
geometry
The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described by which of the following?
geometry
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is called
gerrymandering
An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to
grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.
Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world
has increased by more than a hundred.
Alsace and Lorraine
have been claimed by France and Germany at different times.
The British created different government structures for its various colonies to
help protect the cultures in their territories.
A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,
is an area rather than a boundary
The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as
neo-eclectic
A state is a good example of a
organized region
The United Nations is primarily what kind of cooperative effort?
political
A state with control over its internal affairs has
sovereignty.
An area organized into an independent political unit is a
state.
In 2002 the Organization of African Unity was replaced by
the African Union.
With the end of the Cold War,
the European Union has become the world's leading economic superpower.
The eastern part of the border between the U. S. and Mexico is delineated by
the Rio Grande
Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world reached its height in
the Roman Empire
The most populous remaining colony is ruled by
the United States.
Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to
the potential for energy resources.
A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a
unitary state
Redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority it termed a ________ strategy.
wasted vote
Most LDCs have a PC GDP of less than ______________.
$3,000
Give an example of hunter's and gatherers today.
- African Bushman of Nambia and Botswana - Aborigines in Australia
Which of the following is not true about both China and Taiwan?
-Both consider that the two areas form one sovereign state. -Both now hold seats in the United Nations.
What is a landlocked state?Which continent has the most landlocked states?
-State that lacks a direct outlet to the sea -Africa
What is the highest possible HDI?
1.000
How often are congressional districts redrawn?
10 years
When did England, France, and Spain emerge as states?
1100 A.D
What years was the Cold War?
1947-1991
How many more developed regions are there?
2
How many regions haven less developed countries?
7
10) The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from A) coal. B) dross. C) iron ore. D) wood. E) biomass fuels.
A
11) The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the A) canal. B) automobile. C) railroad. D) steam engine. E) horse collar.
A
16) Eastern North America was the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's A) largest markets. B) most extensive sources of essential raw materials. C) best-maintained transportation systems. D) most advantageous climate. E) all of the above
A
17) Today, the most significant industrial asset of the Western Great Lakes region is its A) access to the nation's transportation network. B) large market area. C) proximity to essential raw materials. D) skilled but expensive labor force. E) cheap migrant labor.
A
18) Proximity to Russian consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region? A) Moscow B) Kuznetsk C) Urals D) Volga E) Silesia
A
2) The Industrial Revolution began in A) Great Britain. B) Japan. C) Russia. D) the United States. E) the Fertile Crescent.
A
22) What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals? A) the Ural mountains B) the Tibetan plateau C) the mountains of central Thailand D) the Chilean Andes E) South Africa and Angola
A
24) The only step of the copper production that is not bulk-reducing is A) refining. B) concentration. C) mining. D) smelting. E) none of the above
A
25) The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as A) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coast. B) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the East and West coast before moving overseas. C) starting on the East and West coast and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending in the Midwest. D) starting in the Midwest and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending up on the East and West coast.
A
26) A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a A) bulk-reducing industry. B) perishable industry. C) bulk-gaining industry. D) specialized manufacturer. E) fabrication concentration point.
A
27) Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry, Honda's most important factor when selecting a location for a new assembly plant in the United States was A) minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers. B) minimizing the cost of shipping inputs. C) maximizing delivery time to customers. D) the location of railroads. E) the location of highways.
A
28) New U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the A) Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs. B) Northeast, to minimize access to the largest market. C) Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs. D) West, to minimize access to Japan. E) Southeast to avoid winter production cost.
A
36) A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near A) break-of-bulk points. B) consumers. C) raw materials. D) suburbs. E) abundant energy supply.
A
44) The average wage in MDCs compared to the average wage in LDCS is about A) four times larger. B) three times larger. C) six times larger. D) two times larger. E) the same.
A
5) After the Northeast, the second largest industrial region in the United States is A) Southern California. B) the Middle Atlantic. C) the Western Great Lakes. D) Pittsburgh-Lake Erie. E) Southeastern Ontario
A
50) Between 1950 and 2009 the northeastern United States region lost ________ jobs, while the South and West gained ________ jobs. A) 6 million; 2 million B) 2 million; 6 million C) 10 million; 8 million D) 8 million; 10 million
A
51) Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process is known as A) vertical integration. B) the new international division of labor. C) convergence. D) right-to-work.
A
56) In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to A) introduce more flexible work rules. B) place more importance on site factors. C) assign each worker one task. D) dominate transnational corporations. E) require larger inventories of parts and components.
A
57) The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of A) outsourcing. B) vertical integration. C) access to raw materials. D) new infrastructure. E) just-in-time inventory management.
A
A creolized language is: A) a mix of indigenous and colonial languages B) a revived formerly extinct language C) extinct D) an isolated language family E) a possible prehistoric superfamily
A
A large and fundamental division within a religion is a A) branch. B) denomination. C) sect. D) dialect. E) family.
A
A literary tradition is A) the written for of a language B) a form of a language used for official government business C) a form of a language spoken in a particular area D) a collection of a languages related to each other E) the variety of dialects in a language
A
A mosque differs from a church, because a mosque A) is not a sanctified place. B) is not a place of worship. C) displays a variety of architectural styles. D) contains relics of the founder. E) is decorated with scenes from the life of the founder.
A
A nation or nationality is A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition. B) a country. C) ethnic identity. D) any cohesive group of people. E) a group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.
A
African Americans are clustered in what area of the United States? A) Southeast B) Southwest C) Plains states D) Pacific Northwest E) Northeast
A
Conflict over territory in the Middle East is strongest for A) Lebanon. B) Palestine. C) Egypt. D) Jordan. E) Kuwait.
A
Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) nearly all Danes speak Danish and live in Denmark. B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein. C) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese. D) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway. E) all of the above
A
Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of a Christian A) branch. B) denomination. C) religion. D) sect. E) family.
A
Especially important in Confucianism is to A) perform public service. B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life. C) respect forces of nature as divine. D) believe in one all-powerful God. E) read the holy texts daily.
A
Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict when A) they have traditions of self-rule. B) they share a language. C) minority ethnicities are officially recognized. D) national identity is shared. E) wealth is evenly distributed.
A
From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos A) increased. B) remained the same. C) decreased. D) inverted. E) fluctuated.
A
Hinduismʹs caste system A) assigns everyone to a distinct class. B) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken. C) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book. D) identifies a familyʹs important deities. E) is the basis for seasonal celebrations.
A
Immigrants to which American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds: A) Middle Atlantic B) Southeast C) Northern D) French Canadian E) New England
A
In the U.S., which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades? A) net in-migration B) urban expansions C) crude birth rate D) declining death rate E) natural increase rate
A
In the United States, which is shared by all Americans? A) nationality B) language C) ethnicity D) race E) gender
A
Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is A) nationalism. B) nation-state. C) nation. D) state. E) multiculturalism.
A
Native Americans and Alaska Natives make up what percentage of the total United States population? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 8
A
Norwegians were most likely to immigrate to the U.S. A) during the 1880s and 1890s B) during the 1840s and 1850s C) prior to 1840 D) between 1900 and 1915 E) during the U.S. Civil War
A
People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included all but A) Caucasians. B) Jews. C) Blacks. D) Roman Catholics. E) A and B.
A
Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of A) Roman Catholics from Latin America. B) Roman Catholics from the northeast United States. C) Roman Catholics from Ireland. D) Protestants to the north. E) Protestants to the east.
A
Sri Lanka has continuing ethnic conflict between A) Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus. B) Dravidian animists and Hindu rebels. C) Jacobites and Assyrians D) Urdu separatists and Kashmir rebels. E) Hutus and Tutsis.
A
The Kurgans: A) were horse and cattle herders from the grassland steppes of present day Russia and Kazakhstan B) were the earliest speakers of Sino-Caucasian C) conquered much of East Asia several thousand years ago E) preserved Basque in present-day Spain
A
The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the: A) west B) east C) south D) center E) north
A
The goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland is to A) remain part of the United Kingdom. B) migrate to the Republic of Ireland. C) become part of the Republic of Ireland. D) join the Irish Republican Army. E) establish an independent republic.
A
The language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world is: A) Mandarin B) Cantonese C) Spanish D) English E) Hindi
A
The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is: A) rural to urban B) north to south C) region to region D) city to city E) urban to rural
A
The most widely spoken language in Brazil is: A) Portuguese B) Spanish C) French D) Creole E) Catalan
A
The second-largest language family is: A) Sino-Tibetan B) Afro- Asiastic C) Dravidian D) Austronesian E) Indo- European
A
U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of A) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe B) virtually ending immigration C) indirectly causing two world wars D) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited
A
Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism A) remained concentrated in one region of the world. B) was not begun by an individual founder. C) was founded in China. D) worships more than one god. E) diffused primarily by colonization.
A
What is an important step in increasing development in LDCs? A) Improving education B) Trading more C) Focusing money on the military D) Using money to fund wars
A
What two main regions suffer from poor human rights and low standing of women? A) Southwest Asia and North Africa B) Europe and South Asia C) South America and North Africa D) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia
A
Which factor most often causes a voluntary migration? A) economic B) environmental C) cultural D) regional conflicts E) international
A
Which is not an ethnic Asian religion? A) Buddhism B) Confucianism C) Shintoism D) Daoism E) Hinduism
A
Which of the following is not a Romance language? A) Bulgarian B) French C) Romanian D) Italian E) Portuguese
A
Why do MDCs have a higher CDR than LDCs? A) High percent of elderly people B) High percent of young people C) Low percent of elderly people D) Low percent of young people
A
All of the following are examples of non-material culture EXCEPT
A cell phone
The current distribution of soccer demonstrates that
A folk custom can become part of a popular culture
The Germans established the proruption known as the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia for which of the following reasons?
A) access to resources in central Africa B) disruption of British communications C) Access to the Zambezi river
The Fertile Crescent
A) followed the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. B) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. C) was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East. D) is sometimes considered to be extended into the Nile Valley.
Before colonization, cities were centered around what primary structure? A. A religious core B. Central Business District C. The dwelling of the ruler D. Government buildings E. The tallest building
A. A religious core
Where is Megalopolis? A. Boston to Washington DC. B. Tokyo. C. Chicago to New York City. D. Greece. E. The Boswah Corridor.
A. Boston to Washington DC.
The first-listed country currently has the largest population, but, because of differing rates of population increase, the second-listed country will likely soon replace it as the most populous. Which of these is the correct pairing? A. China, India B. Japan, Netherlands C. Mexico, Brazil D. Kenya, Germany
A. China, India
The multiple hearths of agriculture derive from what uniqueness in each area? A. Climatic conditions B. Cultural preferences C. Wild plants D. All of the above
A. Climatic Conditions
Of the four urban models discussed in the chapter, which was the oldest? A. Concentric Zone B. Latin American C. Multiple Nuclei D. Sector
A. Concentric Zone
Urban settlements can be physically defined in one of which three ways? A. Continuously built-up area B. Area over 50,000 population C. Education level of population D. All of the above E. None of the above
A. Continuously built-up area
Which of the following would have the smallest population? A. Hamlet B. Village C. Town D. City
A. Hamlet
A Vernacular region A. Is based on the perception of the local people B. Has clearly defined boundaries C. Is a product of political, economic or social interaction D. Is based on physical criteria such as soil type or precipitation E. Is determined by an informal sense of place
A. Is based on the perception of the local people
Which state makes up part of the winter wheat belt? A. Kansas B. North Dakota C. Montana D.Texas
A. Kansas
The fourth indicator of location is by latitude and longitude. This mathematical concept consists of the following elements. A. Meridians as part of longitude and parallels as part of latitude B. Meridian as part of latitude, and parallels as part of longitude C. None of the above
A. Meridians as part of longitude and parallels as part of latitude
Wall Street, the economic focus of the world, is what kind of region? A. Nodal B. Homogeneous C. Vernacular D. None of the above
A. Nodal
Location is identified geographically in the following ways. A. Place-name, site, situation, mathematical location B. Size, its relationship to the nearest natural land form, age C. Population, northern or southern hemisphere, climate D. All of the above
A. Place-name, site, situation, mathematical location
The crops of sugarcane and cotton are usually grown on: A. Plantations. B. Terraced paddies. C. Truck farms. D. Swidden plots.
A. Plantations.
Which of the following has most affected the development of suburbs in the United States? A. Popularity of the automobile B. Inexpensive and reliable electrical energy C. Computer technology and the internet D. High-speed rail transportation E. Access to regional airports
A. Popularity of the automobile
On what principle is the hierarchy of urban places primarily based? A. Population and their function and services B. Their size and situation C. The availability of customized services D. The dominance of a single downtown serving as the urban core E. The number of basic industries providing job opportunities
A. Population and their function and services
Which of these characteristics do not belong to pastoral nomadism? A. Size of the herd is not important. B. Pastoral nomads generally eat no meat. C. Animals provide milk, as well as clothing and tents, through their skins. D. Pastoral nomads depend primarily on animals rather than crops for survival.
A. Size of the herd is not important.
Which characteristic was not part of Louis Wirth's definition of a city? A. Socially homogeneous people B. Large size C. Socially heterogeneous people D. High population density E. All of the above D. None of the above
A. Socially homogeneous people
According to the distribution of so-called Animal Centers, the most important regional hearth of livestock herding is: A. Southwest Asia B. Andean South America C. Northern South America D. East Africa E. Eastern Mediterranean
A. Southwest Asia
The minimum market size needed to support a central place function is called what? A. Threshold B. Range C. Balance D. Absolute minimum E. Hierarchy
A. Threshold
The Sector Model of urban structure recognizes the importance of what primary factor in the development of the city in the United States? A. Transportation B. Neighborhoods C. Industry D. Recreation
A. Transportation
True/False: A Vernacular Region is the same thing as a Perceptual Region A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A census tract is a part of an urbanized area that contains about 5,000 residents. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A country that has completed all four stages of the demographic transition began with little or no natural population increase and ends with little or no natural population increase. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A formal region contains a selected feature or trend throughout. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A major reason for the existence of so many squatter settlements in the LDCs is related to a lack of jobs in the large urban areas. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A newly cleared area for shifting cultivation is known as a swidden. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A peripheral model consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A population pyramid with a broad base represents a population with a high birth rate. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: A two-field crop rotation system was developed in Northern Europe around the fifth century A.D. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: According to Kant, thinking about spatial arrangements is to the study of geography as the arrangement of events in temporal sequence is to the study of history. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: According to the Boserup thesis, subsistence farmers increase the supply of food through intensification of production, achieved by leaving land fallow for shorter periods. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: According to the density gradient, the number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance from the center city increases. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter believed that human geographers should apply laws from the natural sciences to understanding relationships between the physical environment and human actions - a geographic approach sometimes known as cultural ecology. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Annexation is the process of legally adding land area to a city. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Arithmetic density consists of two measures, with area being one of them. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Carl Sauer argued that seed agriculture came later (after vegetative planting), and is the reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Comparing physiological and arithmetic densities helps geographers understand land food capacity yields for the needs of people. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Crop rotation is the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Demographers define zero population growth as the total fertility rate that results in a lack of change in the total population over a long term. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Despite advances in technology and increased crop yields, the majority of people in the world still live in rural areas. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Double cropping means producing two harvests per year from one field. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Edge cities are nodes of consumer and business services. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Environmental determinism is the belief that the physical environment is a significant causal factor in human behavior. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Even though the government of China owns all the farmland, the villagers can sign contracts to farm portions of the land as a private individual. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Filtering is the process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Growth in ranching in South America was stimulated because more cattle could graze on a given area of land in the pampas of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, than in the U.S. West. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Horticulture forms the basis for commercial farming in the Mediterranean areas. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: If a country's population has a natural increase rate of 2 percent, that population will double in approximately 35 years. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: In the concentric zone model, a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings that are imprecise in size and width, but appear in all cities in the same order. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Initially developed for military applications and commercial aviation, GPS devices are now common to personal and recreational activities. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Looking at the physiological and agricultural densities of a country, one can estimate the intensity and efficiency of agriculture. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: MSAs comprise some 20 percent of total U.S. land area, compared to only 2 percent for urbanized areas. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Many geographers argue that some human populations have exceeded their carrying capacity. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: More than 95 percent of workers in developed societies hold "urban" types of jobs. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Most farmers in LDCs practice intensive subsistence agriculture. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Most wet rice cultivation is located in river valleys and deltas. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Much of the interior lands of India and China are devoted to crops other than wet rice. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Population distribution can be understood by looking at population concentration and population densities. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Prime agricultural farmland in the United States is in danger of being lost to urban sprawl. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Ranching is the commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Redlining is the process whereby banks identify areas in which they will refuse to loan money. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Regional studies, a school of geographic thought sometimes referred to as the cultural landscape approach, was initiated in France during the 19th century. One of the most famous American geographers to adopt this approach was Carl Sauer of the University of California, Berkeley. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Remote sensing data is information collected from a distance. From a distance is generally considered to be large - hundreds of miles or more. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Some attempts to alter the physical environment for the betterment of humans, like water-control efforts in South Florida, have had unforeseen and negative consequences. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Suburbanization makes people more dependent on transportation for access to work, shopping, and leisure activities. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The U.S. Bureau of the Census and geodemographers measure the functional area of a city by its metropolitan statistical area (MSA). A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The concept of culture has several meanings. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The concept of space-time compression suggests that innovations in transportation and communication have effectively shrunk our world. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The concept of standard time zones was established by U.S. railroads in the 19th century. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The definition of an urbanized area has limited applicability because it does not accurately reflect the full influence that an urban settlement has in contemporary society. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The demographic transition of Africa, Asia, and Latin America into Stage 2 was because of a medical revolution. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The main distinguishing factor geographers look for between urban and rural areas is physical definitions. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The major physical problem faced by inner-city neighborhoods in the United States is the poor condition of the housing stock, most of which was built before 1940. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The most distinctive characteristic of mixed crop and livestock farming is that most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The most important grain crop grown in the United States is wheat. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing is known as gentrification. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The smallest feature on Earth's surface that can be detected by a sensor is the resolution of the scanner. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The sunbelt and the frostbelt are vernacular regions. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: The term wet rice refers to the practice of planting rice on dry land in a nursery, and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Thomas Malthus argued that our ability to breed will exceed our ability to feed.Thomas Malthus argued that our ability to breed will exceed our ability to feed. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Truck farming refers to raising commercial gardening and fruit crops. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Two adjacent MSAs with overlapping commuting patterns are combined into a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA). A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Urban populations have begun to rise in recent years in LDCs because of the migration of rural residents to the cities looking for jobs. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: With much of the city of New Orleans prone to flood hazard, its situation is clearly more important than its site. A. True B. False
A. True
True/False: Women's rights and educational levels dramatically change fertility rates. A. True B. False
A. True
The fact that nursing homes in the United States have residents who are largely female is reflected in the population pyramid by the: A. Upper right side B. Upper left side C. Lower right side D. Lower left side
A. Upper right side
Colonial cities were characterized by which of the following? A. Wider streets and a lower population density B. Narrow streets and slum areas C. A grid-like pattern centering around a religious temple D. Sections set off for Christians, Jews, and foreigners E. Both A and C
A. Wider streets and a lower population density
Stage 2 of the demographic transition is characterized by a drop in the: A. death rate B. birth rate C. rate of natural increase D. fertility rate
A. death rate
What is the primary language family in the Middle east? What is the predominant individual language in the Middle East?
Afro-Asiastic, Arabic
Identify examples of primary economic activities.
Agriculture Fishing, Mining, Forestry
What is Agriculture?
Agriculture is the deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.
Which of the following is not true of al-Qaeda?
Al-Qaeda is a single unified organization.
Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a higher level of
All of the above
Rapid diffusion of popular culture
All of the above
The geographer Vidal de la Blanche regarded food supply as
All of the above
Name 2 frontiers around the world?
Antarctica,Arabian peninsula
The only large land mass not part of a sovereign state is
Antarctica.
Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the Easter forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials
Are strongly influenced by local resources
A group that migrates to another country intermarried with people from a new country, and within three generations, the group is indistinguishable from the dominate country. This process is best described as
Assimilation
13) The United Kingdom expanded industrial production in the late twentieth century A) in textiles and steel production. B) with high-tech industries to serve the European market. C) with former colonial members of the Commonwealth. D) with cheap immigrant labor from former colonies. E) in northwestern rural sites.
B
15) Proximity to European consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region? A) Rhine-Ruhr B) Mid-Rhine C) Great Britain D) Northern Italy E) Portugal and western Spain
B
21) Canada's most important industrial area is A) Vancouver, British Columbia. B) the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario Peninsula. C) the northern shore of Lake Superior. D) the sea ports of Nova Scotia. E) along the U.S. border in Saskatchawan.
B
23) In Russia, the Soviet government promoted new manufacturing regions A) in Moscow and St. Petersburg. B) in the Urals and Kuznetsk. C) at ports on the Caspian Sea. D) at ports on the Barents Sea. E) all of the above
B
29) Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because A) the mills are near the mines. B) separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products. C) refineries import most material from other countries. D) parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers. E) parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.
B
31) The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to A) coal. B) iron ore. C) labor. D) transport. E) markets
B
47) Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is A) in the United States, government policies have encouraged relocation. B) in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation. C) concentration in Europe and diffusion in the United States. D) concentration in the United States and diffusion in Europe. E) movement to the west in Europe and to the east in the United States.
B
55) Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries or communities A) increases proximity to markets. B) increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor. C) decreases the unequal distribution of industry. D) leaves unmet consumer demand. E) reduces transportation distances.
B
9) The cottage industry system involved manufacturing A) of hand-made luxury goods. B) in the home. C) of steam engines. D) in small factories. E) cheeses and pastries.
B
A pidgin language: A) is spread by popular culture B) has no native speakers C) stems from folk culture D) all of the above E) none of the above
B
A universalizing religion A) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular location on Earth. B) appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations. C) is rarely transmitted through missionaries. D) has celebrations based on seasonal changes. E) is less likely to be used as a reason for violence than ethnic religions.
B
Animists believe that A) people should complete Godʹs creation of the Earth. B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits. C) people should make complete use of the Earthʹs resources. D) natural disasters are preventable. E) enlightenment can be achieved by all people.
B
As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried A) cloth and trinkets. B) rum and molasses. C) slaves. D) gold and silver. E) all of the above
B
Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States? A) Southwest B) West C) Plains states D) Northeast E) Southeast
B
Babies in LDCs are expected to live into their _______. A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80
B
Balkanization refers to A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe. B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities. C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states. D) ethnic cleansing. E) religions splintering into opposing groups.
B
Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are A) animism. B) cosmogony. C) monotheism. D) astronomy. E) polytheism.
B
Ellis Island A) is still in use today as an immigration gateway to the U.S. B) was the subject of a territorial dispute between N.Y. and N.J. C) is not truly and island because it is joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land D) was originally claimed by France but given to the U.S. along with the Statue of Liberty
B
English has achieved unprecedented acceptance globally due to: A) the diffusion of religion from MDCs to LDCs B) its role as the common language of a global economy and culture C) the rise of popular culture and the decline of folk culture D) the role of colonialism and imperialism
B
Especially important in Daoism is to A) perform public service. B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life. C) respect forces of nature as divine. D) believe in one all-powerful God. E) read the holy texts daily.
B
Followers of which religious branch do not trace their origin to Abraham? A) Eastern Orthodox B) Mahayana C) Shiite D) Sunni E) Judaism
B
For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been A) highly clustered in present-day Israel. B) dispersed around the world. C) concentrated in the United States. D) forced to live in ghettos. E) nomads herding sheep.
B
Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States? A) Northeast, cities B) West, Southwest C) Southwest, Southeast D) cities E) Pacific Northwest, Plains states
B
Los Angeles has what kind of ethnic distribution? A) dispersed B) clustered C) diverse D) contiguous E) inverted
B
Lutheranism is an example of a Christian A) branch. B) denomination. C) religion. D) sect. E) family.
B
Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddhaʹs A) life of self-help. B) compassion. C) renouncing of worldly goods. D) wisdom. E) practice of meditation.
B
Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970's, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. This is an example of: A) emigration changing to immigration B) a push factor changing to a pull factor C) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor D) a pull factor changing to a push factor E) forced migration changing to voluntary migration
B
Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated to serve jail sentences which is the combination of which push and pull factors? A) environmental push, cultural pull B) cultural push, environmental pull C) economic push, cultural pull D) economic push, environmental pull E) environmental push, economic pull
B
Many of the refugees from Vietnam became known as the A) Viet Cong B) boat people C) Communists D) Hindus E) segregationists
B
Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which part of Europe? A) north and east B) north and west C) south and east D) central E) south and west
B
Race is A) characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino. B) self-identification with a group sharing a biological ancestor. C) determinable from physical characteristics. D) evenly distributed around the world. E) defined by statute in most states.
B
The "separate but equal" doctrine was legally established by A) states. B) Plessy v. Ferguson. C) Brown v. Board of Education. D) the Missouri Compromise. E) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.
B
The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by: A) dictating optimal locations for factories B) moving the capital to Brasilia C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior D) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast
B
The Icelandic language has changes less than any other Germanic language because of: A) Iceland's close contact with other people and activities B) Iceland's relative isolation from other places C) continuous exchange with Norway and Sweden D) migration by German tribes E) the extinction of the East Germanic group
B
The former Soviet Union used which as the primary centripetal device? A) religion B) language C) ethnicity D) race E) music
B
The gap between MDCs and LDCs has gradually _______ over time. A) Grown smaller B) Widened C) Stayed the same D) None of the above
B
The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in: A) China B) 'Murica C) Germany D) Australia
B
The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as: A) a standard language B) Vulgar Latin C) Catalan D) a romance language E) a dialect of Latin
B
The largest level of interregional migration in the U.S. was caused by the A) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century B) opening up of the western territories C) illegal immigration from Latin America D) industrial development in the northeast E) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s
B
The largest number of undocumented immigrants to the U.S. come from what country? A) South Korea B) Mexico C) Cuba D) Dominican Republic E) the Philippines
B
The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been: A) South Asia B) North America C) Asia D) Australia E) South America
B
The two most important languages in South America are A) Dutch and English B) Portuguese and Spanish C) French and Spanish D) English and Spanish E) Creole and Portugese
B
The worldʹs largest universalizing religion is A) Buddhism. B) Christianity. C) Hinduism. D) Islam. E) Shintoism.
B
Traditionally the most important unit of African society was the A) state. B) tribe. C) nation. D) kingdom. E) caliphate.
B
Until it was forced to withdraw its troops in 2005, most of Lebanon was controlled by A) Jordan. B) Syria. C) Israel. D) Egypt. E) Iran.
B
What is the split of MDCs and LDCs known as? A) MDC-LDC split B) North-South split C) HDI split D) Development split
B
Which factors do NOT affect a country's level of development? A) Social B) Political C) Demographic D) Economic
B
Which is a branch of Christianity? A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodox C) Shiite D) Theravadist E) Judaism
B
Which is not a characteristic of a hierarchical religion? A) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure. B) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient. C) It organizes territory into local administrative units. D) It fosters interaction among different congregations. E) Regional administration is located in large cities.
B
Which religion is one of the three most important in Lebanon? A) Daoism B) Druze C) Hinduism D) Judaism E) Sikhism
B
Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the U.S? A) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home country B) both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors C) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish D) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the U.S. E) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by econmic factors
B
Which two categories of the HDI indicators does the U.S. have a low score in? A) Education and literacy rate B) Life expectancy and education C) Life expectancy and literacy rate D) GDP and literacy rate
B
Why has Russia's program to attract migrants faced difficulty in recent years? A) Migrants don't want to move to a place with low population growth like Russia. B) They are targeting ethnic Russians who speak Russian and most are not interested C) Russia has net-out migration because of rapid population growth D) The program places people in small cities with long, cold, and dark winters
B
With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment A) few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment. B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment. C) religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group. D) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin. E) All of the above are true.
B
Which country has the highest HDI? A) USA B) Norway C) China D) Japan
B) Norway (0.971)
Some countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition after: A. 1700 B. 1750 C. 1800 D. 1850
B. 1750
The term Urban Realm came into use to describe the spatial components of a metropolis of what decade? A. 1940's B. 1990's C. 1920's D. 1930's E. 1960's
B. 1990's
A map generally has all of the following attributes EXCEPT: A. Two-dimensional B. 1:1 scale C. Spatial data D. Symbolic representation
B. 1:1 scale
Which map scale shows the most detail? A. 1:250,000 B. 1:24,000 C. 1:100,000 D. 1:62,500
B. 1:24,000
What map scale would a cartographer choose if one inch of road on a map represents 54,000 inches on the ground? A. 54,000:1 B. 1:54,000 C. 24,000: 1 D. 1:24,000
B. 1:54,000
What grain was introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere after AD 1500? A. Wheat B. Barley C. Sorghum D. Maize
B. Barley
According to the Concentric Zone Model, the least residential urban space is the: A. Zone of Better Residences. B. CBD. C. Zone of Transition. D. Zone of Independent Workers' Homes. E. Commuter's Zone.
B. CBD.
Spatial concentration consists of two types. A. Density, patterned B. Clustered, dispersed C. Staggered, linear D. All of the above E. None of the above
B. Clustered, dispersed
This term refers to the process by which a city attracts tourists to come and visit, and then uses the money to pay for road improvements and other city expenses: A. Agglomeration B. Commercialization C. Gentrification D. Degglomeration E. Ghettoization
B. Commercialization
Land value: A. Increases as distance from CBD increases B. Decreases as distance from CBD increases C. Decreases as density increases D. Has no relationship to distance from CBD E. Is highest in rural areas near sewage treatment plants
B. Decreases as distance from CBD increases
Spatial distribution consists of the following properties. A. People, buildings, cars B. Density, concentration, pattern C. Towns, cities, states D. All of the above E. None of the above
B. Density, concentration, pattern
Why is double cropping not common in India? A. Cold winters B. Dry winters C. Growing season not long enough for double cropping D. All of the above
B. Dry winters
True/False: A Formal Region is the same thing as a Vernacular Region A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: A bank is not required to demonstrate that inner-city neighborhoods within its service area receive any loan money. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: A country moves from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition when the crude death rate begins to drop sharply. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: About 80 percent of Americans now live in the suburbs. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: An MSA is an almost perfect tool for measuring the functional area of a city. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: China's one-child policy has not significantly reduced the country's natural increase rate. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Clarence Glacken argues that the earliest form of plant cultivation was vegetative planting--the reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Countries approaching zero population growth have extremely low crude death rates. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: GIS is the acronym for Geologic Influenced Survey. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Geographers most frequently measure population change in a country or the world through three measures: the crude birth rate, crude death rate, and migration rate. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Grain farming is the most common form of commercial agriculture in the United States. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Higher death rates due to epidemic disease, especially AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, will not lower world population growth projections. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: In Asia, a homemade implement does the act of "winnowing" chaff from rice. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: It is not necessary to use both longitude and latitude to identify locations. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Mariners of the so-called Age of Exploration could determine longitude more easily than latitude. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Mediterranean agriculture is practiced only in the lands that border the Mediterranean Sea. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Most countries of the world with extremely high growth rates are still in Stage 1 of the demographic transition. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Population density is a good indicator of poor economic conditions. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Population explosion in the demographic transition is due to an increase in the birth rate. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Regional (area) analysis emphasizes interactions among places, whereas spatial (locational) analysis integrates the geographic feature of an area. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Satellite-based remote sensing does not have sufficient resolution for crop identification. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Seven of the ten most populous urban areas are in MDCs. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: Spain, Portugal, and France are the only European countries with a tradition of cattle ranching A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The Chisholm Trail, which began near El Paso at the Mexican border, extended northward through Texas, to Colorado and Nebraska. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The concentric zone model develops in a series of sectors, with certain areas of the city more attractive for various activities than others. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The diffusion of AIDS cases in the United States progressed from the West Coast, through the middle states, and eventually reached the cities of the East Coast. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The global natural increase rate has been steadily rising since the 1950s, when medicine and technology were diffused throughout the world. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The greatest disadvantage in using a Mercator map projection is the shape is significantly distorted. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The prime meridian passes through the Royal Observatory in London, England. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The sector model is a radical restatement of city formation. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The shape of a population pyramid is determined primarily by the distribution of males and females in the population set. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The term city defines an urban settlement not necessarily incorporated into an independent unit. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The total fertility rate provides a picture of a society as a whole in a given year, whereas the crude birth rate predicts the future behavior of individual women. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The township and range system of land surveying is most common in New England and other Eastern Seaboard states. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: The use of crude birth rates means that these rates are age-specific. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: There are inhabited areas in the world, such as New Guinea and Patagonia, that do not have a place-name. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: There must be 1.5 births per 1000 population before a country can reach zero population growth. A. True B. False
B. False
True/False: When they conquered cities in the New World, European conquerors preserved established pre-colonial city patterns. A. True B. False
B. False
Where is the U.S. Corn Belt centered? A. South Dakota B. Iowa C. Kansas D. Nebraska
B. Iowa
Where is urbanization occurring most rapidly? A. East Asia B. LDCs C. South America D. North East Europe E. MDCs
B. LDCs
Which city is located eight hours earlier than London (Greenwich)? A. Chicago B. Los Angeles C. Honolulu D. Denver E. New York
B. Los Angeles
Which model states that a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve? A. Concentric B. Multiple Nuclei C. None of the above D. All of the above E. Sector
B. Multiple Nuclei
Which of the most populous regions of the world has the least proportion of rural population? A. South Asia B. North America C. Europe D. East Asia E. Southeast Asia
B. North America Explanation: About 75% of Europeans live in cities and less than 20% are farmers.
Storefronts along Fifth Avenue in New York City consist of which kind of spatial distribution? A. Dispersed B. Patterned C. Staggered D. All of the above
B. Patterned
The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land is called what? A. Agricultural density B. Physiological density C. Arithmetic density D. None of the above
B. Physiological density
The Spanish language concentration of Little Havana in Miami is an example of what type of diffusion? A. Stimulus diffusion B. Relocation diffusion C. Expansion diffusion D. Hierarchical diffusion
B. Relocation diffusion
What are greenbelts? A. Parks created in the inner city to decrease pollution. B. Rings of open space surrounding European cities like London to combat sprawl. C. The loop around the edge of Harris' peripheral model. D. Corridors of agricultural land within suburban areas. E. Eco-friendly subway lines in central cities.
B. Rings of open space surrounding European cities like London to combat sprawl.
Each group which inhabits an area leaves an imprint on the landscape. The imprint of earlier groups is present and can influence the landscape in the future. This concept is A. Spatial interaction B. Sequent occupance C. Connectivity D. Future imprinting E. Spatial perspective
B. Sequent occupance
Which state makes up part of the spring wheat belt? A. Colorado B. South Dakota C. Oklahoma D. Kansas
B. South Dakota
After corn, what is the most important crop in the U.S. mixed commercial farming region? A. Wheat B. Soybeans C. Barley D. Sorghum
B. Soybeans
An example of a perceptual region is which of the following? A. The wheat growing region B. The South C. The Sahara Desert D. Nevada E. A radio station listening area
B. The South
Identify the incorrect statement. A. The equator (0º latitude) is the parallel with the largest circumference and is the place where every day has 12 hours of daylight. B. The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels is called longitude. C. Every meridian has the same length and the same beginning and end points. D. Longitude, a human creation, runs through Greenwich because England was the world's most powerful country in the eighteenth century, when meridians were first measured. E. Parallels are circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator at right angles to the meridians.
B. The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels is called longitude.
A city is a/an... A. Center of services. B. Urban settlement that is self-governing. C. CBD and surrounding suburbs. D. Center of an MSA. E. Geographic area with a high density of people.
B. Urban settlement that is self-governing.
What is the most important factor in age distribution? A. age-gender ratio B. dependency ratio C. distribution ratio D. zero population growth
B. dependency ratio
Unlike cities in the United States, poor people in Latin American cities tend to live: A. in the CBD. B. in the suburbs. C. in the Zone of Transition. D. along the major transportation corridor to the center city.
B. in the suburbs.
The definition of culture includes all of these EXCEPT
Behaviors
In what country do the Flemings and Walloons live? What is the official language in the northern half of that country? What is the official language in the southern half of that country?
Belgium, Dutch, French
Where are petroleum reserves of Southwest Asia clustered?
Border the Persian Gulf
Which country had the largest empire?
Britain
19) In order to become a major industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems? A) high labor costs B) abundant energy sources C) distance from consumers D) weak consumer demand E) all of the above
C
30) Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to A) avoid labor unions. B) minimize production costs inside the plant. C) minimize transport costs. D) identify unique characteristics of a particular location. E) find an ideal climate.
C
32) Among the surviving steel plants in the United States, production concentrated in the southern Lake Michigan area has increased its share of national production, primarily because of access to A) government subsidies. B) cheap labor. C) markets. D) raw materials. E) fluid capital.
C
33) Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to A) government subsidies. B) labor. C) markets. D) raw materials. E) fluid capital.
C
34) Producers of automobiles select locations primarily because of access to A) government subsidies. B) labor. C) markets. D) raw materials. E) fluid capital.
C
35) The lowest-cost form of transporting goods very long distances is by A) truck. B) train. C) boat. D) airplane. E) ox cart.
C
37) Beer bottling is an example of a A) perishable industry. B) specialized industry. C) bulk-gaining industry. D) communications-oriented industry. E) labor intensive industry.
C
39) Which production is more likely to be located in more developed countries? A) cotton yarn B) fabric C) women's blouses D) A and B. E) All are equally likely.
C
41) Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of A) low-cost labor. B) low-cost land. C) low-cost energy. D) aluminum oxide. E) fluid capital.
C
6) The Industrial Revolution began in A) the late 1500s. B) the late 1600s. C) the late 1700s. D) the late 1800s. E) the late 1900s.
C
7) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was A) clustered. B) concentrated. C) dispersed. D) randomly distributed. E) located in colonies.
C
A country has net in-migration if emigration __ immigration. A) exceeds B) is closer to net migration than C) is less than D) varies more than E) equals
C
A permanent move to a new location is: A) mobility B) net in-migration C) migration D) net out-migration E) net miration
C
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a A) branch. B) denomination. C) sect. D) dialect. E) family.
C
According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were: A) no longer eligible for public services in the U.S. B) increasingly deported if caught C) permitted to become legal residents D) established as guest workers E) encouraged to remain because of shortages of workers
C
As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of A) Eritrea. B) Tigre. C) Darfur. D) Amhara. E) Oromo.
C
Basque is spoken primarily in: A) Brittany B) Liechtenstein C)the Pyranees mountains D) Barcelona, Spain E) the Swiss Alps
C
Brain drain is: A) a cultural feature that hinders migration B) the process by which people are given reference for migration C) the large-scale emigration of talented people D) people forced to migrate for political reasons E) a net decline in literacy
C
British and American English differ in all but which of the following? A) vocabulary B) prevalent dialects C) alphabet D) pronunciation E) spelling
C
Christianity first diffused from its hearth through A) contagious diffusion. B) hierarchical diffusion. C) relocation diffusion. D) expansion diffusion. E) all of the above
C
Cremation is more important than burial in which religion? A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Judaism
C
English is part of which language family? A) North Germanic B) Romance C) Indo-European D) West Germanic E) Germanic
C
Franglais is: A) a dialect of French B) the standard language of French C) the use of English in the French language D) the lingua franca of France E) a language used by French colonial administration
C
From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the communist government, what was the policy of the government towards religion? A) All churches were closed. B) The old church was replaced by Eastern Orthodoxy. C) Churches remained open but played a limited role. D) Youth were encouraged to attend so that they could be indoctrinated into communism. E) All marriages were performed by clergy.
C
Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, primarily because A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham. B) it uses a lunar calendar. C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel. D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt. E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.
C
Mexico's immigration policy: A) is opposed to Mexicans migrating to the U.S. because they otherwise would contribute to the economy at home B) attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country C) is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the U.S. but opposes migration from its south D) welcomes migrants from other country
C
Most guest workers head for which part of Europe? A) south and east B) south and west C) north and west D) central E) north and east
C
Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the 1840's and 1850's came from which part of Europe? A) Norway and England B) Spain and Portugal C) Ireland and Germany D) Russia and Bulgaria E) Italy and Poland
C
Nation-states in Europe were formed A) in the nineteenth century. B) easily from empire boundaries. C) by drawing boundaries. D) based on language. E) after the First World War.
C
Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are best explained by the promoting of A) segregation. B) separate but equal C) blockbusting. D) self-identification. E) red lining.
C
Protestants in Ireland are A) dispersed throughout the island. B) recent immigrants from Great Britain. C) highly clustered in one part of the island. D) highly integrated with the Roman Catholic population. E) A and B
C
Recent immigrants to the United States: A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts C) are concentrated in a few states according to economic prospects and migrant's country of origin D) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois
C
Russian is part of what language branch? A) Romance B) Altaic C) Balto-Slavic D) Indo-Iranian E) Germanic
C
South Africa is the only state in southern Africa that A) still practices apartheid. B) is completely landlocked. C) first elected a Black as president during the 1990s. D) signed the Law of the Sea. E) has a strong Italian minority population.
C
The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of A) ethnic groups. B) religious groups. C) changes in the majority between religious groups. D) independent armies. E) famine.
C
The ability to move from one location to another is: A) variable migrations B) voluntary migration C) mobility D) net migration E) migration
C
The belief in the existence of only one god is A) animism. B) cosmogony. C) monotheism. D) polytheism. E) pagan.
C
The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused by A) ethnic cleansing. B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. C) rivalries among nationalities. D) NATO. E) espionage by Russian agents.
C
The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city A) inside the walls. B) inhabited by the lowest-income people. C) where Jews were forced to live. D) where most blacks lived. E) where the untouchable caste lived.
C
The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of A) centripetal force. B) nation-state. C) self-determination. D) sovereignty. E) ethnic identity.
C
The destination for most undocumented immigrants entering Mexico is: A) work in Pacific coast resorts B) Mexico city C) the U.S. border D) work on fruit plantations E) work in factories in northern Mexico
C
The geographic study of the distribution of languages provides a good example of: A) the diffusion of folk culture in different areas of the world B) The role and spread of religion across much of the world C) the interplay between globalization and local diversity D) political conflicts that arise due to ethnic tensions
C
The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries? A) Guatemala and Mexico B) Cuba and Mexico C) Puerto Rico and Mexico D) Puerto Rico and Cuba E) Dominican Republic and Cuba
C
The largest numbers of recent immigrants to the U.S. are: A) political refugees B) guest workers C) relatives of U.S. residents D) talented professionals E) illegal immigrants
C
The largest proportion of Asian Americans are from A) Vietnam. B) Japan. C) China. D) the Philippines. E) Korea.
C
The most numerous ethnicity in the United States is A) African Americans. B) Asian Americans. C) Latinos/Hispanics. D) American Indians and Alaska Natives. E) Austral-Asian.
C
The people of Quebec are distinguished from residents of neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States because they A) donʹt speak an Indo-European language. B) are not predominantly Christian. C) frequently use religious toponyms. D) want to become part of France again. E) practice religious tolerance.
C
The two largest language families in the world are: A) Altaic and Nilo-Saharan B) Afro-Asiastic and Sino-Tibetan C) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European D) Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic E) Balto-Slavic and Sino-Tibetan
C
The worldʹs largest ethnic religion is A) Confucianism. B) Daoism. C) Hinduism. D) Shintoism. E) Islam.
C
What is the life expectancy in MDCs? A) ~50 B) ~60 C) ~70 D) ~80
C
Which describes the nationality of the United Kingdom? A) Welsh B) English C) British D) Irish E) Saxon
C
Which ethnic religion follows a lunar calendar? A) Hinduism B) Islam C) Judaism D) Sikhism E) all of the above
C
Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the U.S.? A) net emigration from the northeast B) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan C) urban to suburban D) rural to urban E) all of the above
C
Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States? A) rural to urban within the state B) change to sharecropping C) relocation to northern cities D) movement out of inner-cities E) relocation to coastal cities
C
Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race? A) Japanese B) Black C) Hispanic/Latino D) White E) Samoan
C
Which of the following event would be considered a migration pull factor? A) civil war B) failed harvest C) opening of a new factory D) revolutionary takeover of a government E) flooding of a river
C
Which of the following is NOT an important reason why many countries do not develop quickly? A) Low standing of women B) Corrupt government C) Increased liesure time D) The current recession
C
Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States? A) network television B) the flag C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States D) "The Star Spangled Banner" E) baseball
C
Which statement best describes the use of English on the Internet? A) English has become more dominant as the most common language on the Internet B) Different Internets exist for most other widely spoken languages, like Chinese, Japanese, and Russian C) English has become less dominant but is still the leading Internet language D) The number of English-speaking Internet users continues to be above 50%
C
Who have access to technology related to transportation and communication in MDCs? A) Political figures B) Only the elite and powerful C) Everyone D) People who work in government related jobs
C
Worship in Hinduism is most likely to take place A) in a holy shrine. B) as part of a pilgrimage. C) at home. D) in a pagoda. E) in a monastery.
C
Why is the Middle East wealthy? A) Gold B) Manufacturing C) Oil D) Farming
C) Oil
The United States takes a census of the population every: A. 5 years B. 7 years C. 10 years D. 25 years
C. 10 years
If it is 12:00 noon Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), what time will it be in Los Angeles, California? A. 3:00 pm B. 7:00 am C. 4:00 am D. 8:00 pm
C. 4:00 am
Which of the following economic activities is most likely to be found in a city's central business district (CBD) ? A. An automobile dealership B. A transfer point for railroad freight cars C. An office tower D. A metal fabricating plant E. he production facility of a major textbook publisher
C. An office tower
What was the farmer's most potent weapon in fighting cattle ranchers during the "range wars?" A. U.S. law B. Guns C. Barbed wire D. Posse
C. Barbed wire
Medditerranean agriculture -- known for its grapes and olives, among other products -- is generally found in which climate region? A. A B. B C. C D. D
C. C
Which model grows outward from a central area in a series of rings? A. Von Thunen's model B. Multiple-Nuclei model C. Concentric zone model D. Sector model
C. Concentric Zone model
What is the dominant type of commercial agriculture practiced on farms near the large urban areas of the Northeast United States? A. Mixed crop and livestock farming B. Commercial gardening and fruit farming C. Dairy farming D. Livestock ranching
C. Dairy farming
Which of the following is not true about urbanization? A. Urbanization is the process by which cities grow. B. The percentage of urban population has recently exceeded the percentage of rural population for the first time in human history. C. Higher numbers of people moving into cities indicate a high level of development. D. Urban settlements typically have a wide variety of cultural and ethnic influences. E. 8 of the 10 most populated cities in the world are in LDCs.
C. Higher numbers of people moving into cities indicate a high level of development.
The cultural hearth of Christianity is A. Rome B. Mecca C. Jerusalem D. Egypt E. Bethlehem
C. Jerusalem
The most fundamental concept in geography is A. The physical landscape B. Human-environment relationship C. Location D. Regional studies
C. Location
An example of stimulus diffusion is A. Diseases, such as influenza B. Rap music C. McDonald's Vegetable Burger w/cheese D. Catholicism in Mexico E. Ideas on the World Wide Web
C. McDonald's Vegetable Burger w/cheese
What does MSA stand for? A. Monroe Standard Analysis B. Micropolitan Statistical Area C. Metropolitan Statistical Area D. Majority Standard Area
C. Metropolitan Statistical Area
The rapid growth of cities in the LDCs is a reversal of the historical trend in Western Europe and North America because A. This represents a measure of an improved level of development. B. Job opportunities are fueling migration from rural to urban areas. C. Most of the growth in the urban population results from high natural increases. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.
C. Most of the growth in the urban population results from high natural increases.
Where are you least likely to see low income squatter settlements located on the periphery of a city? A. Africa B. East Asia C. North America D. Middle America E. South Asia
C. North America
Transhumance is what? A. Pastoral nomads moving based on the seasons. B. Shifting cultivation using the only form of cheap fertilizer available in LDCs. C. Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas. D. All of the above.
C. Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
Which model develops its best housing along a corridor extending from downtown to the outer edge of the city? A. Multiple nuclei B. Concentric C. Sector D. All of the above E. None of the above
C. Sector
Identify the characteristic of situation, the third way to indicate location. A. Direction B. Position or status with regards to conditions and circumstances C. The location of a place relative to other places D. Time and place
C. The location of a place relative to other places
All of the following account for the success of modern urban centers except: A. Their external location attributes. B. Their relative location with reference to non-local places. C. The physical qualities of the areas they occupy. D. Their distance from other urban centers. E. Their relatively easy access to other places.
C. The physical qualities of the areas they occupy.
Geographers call the name given to a portion of Earth's surface as its A. Toposequence B. Topohilia C. Toponym D. Topography
C. Toponym
What is one major difference between suburban areas in the US and Europe? A. US suburban areas are on the outskirts of cities, European suburban areas form independently of cities. B. Us suburban areas do not typically have access to public transport, European suburban areas enjoy access to buses and subways. C. US suburban areas enjoy relatively low crime rates and good schools, European suburban areas have more crime and poorer schools than in the cities. D. US suburban areas are clustered in segregated developments, European suburban areas are dispersed along the beltway. E. There is no difference between the two.
C. US suburban areas enjoy relatively low crime rates and good schools, European suburban areas have more crime and poorer schools than in the cities.
Select the most incorrect statement. A. Chile is depicted as having undifferentiated highlands. B. California has a Mediterranean climate. C. Uruguay's climate is classified as similar to Equador's. D. Madagascar's west coast is classified as seasonally humid tropical. E. The region immediately south of the Sahel is classified as similar.
C. Uruguay's climate is classified as similar to Equador's.
The statistical study of human populations is: A. archaeology B. chronology C. demography D. anthropology
C. demography
Where are the highest levels of development in Latin America found?
Coastal Areas Brazil
The attempt by one country to impose political control over another territory is
Colonialism
Define GDI.
Compares level of development of women with that of both sexes
Define GEM.
Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making
What is "Maize" known as in English-speaking countries?
Corn
The modification of the natural landscape by human activities is the definition of which of these
Cultural landscape
A single attribute of culture is defined as
Cultural trait
Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because
Cultural values and religion discourage drinking
List the tree types of migration push and pull factors.
Cultural, environmental, and economic
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people is a
Custom
12) The major contribution made by the chemical industry to the textile industry was A) bleaching. B) dyeing. C) food processing. D) A and B. E) all of the above
D
3) Geographers recognize that connections are important to explain why a particular place is suitable for industry. Connections refers to A) where the markets for the product are located. B) where the resources needed to make the product are located. C) where the company's headquarters were originally located. D) A and B E) A and C
D
38) Mexico's maquiladora plants have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets A) because they are distributed across central Mexico. B) but high tariffs suppress U.S. sales. C) but are using obsolete production processes. D) but are a bit too far from most U.S. manufacturing facilities for just-in-time delivery. E) all of the above
D
40) Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of A) access to markets. B) access to raw materials. C) break-of-bulk points. D) site factors. E) fluid capital.
D
42) Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor? A) automotive B) electronics C) steel D) textile E) fabricated machinery
D
43) Significant site factors include all but which of the following? A) capital B) labor C) land D) transportation E) C and D
D
48) Steel production has declined during 1980-2008 most rapidly in A) Europe. B) Japan. C) Russia. D) the United States.
D
53) The U.S. government distinguishes between foreign and domestic cars A) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to measure fuel efficiency. B) for the U.S. Department of Treasury Customs Service to set tariffs. C) for informing customers under the American Automobile Labeling Act. D) all of the above E) none of the above
D
Adherents of which religion controlled much of present-day Spain until 1492, but not since then? A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Druze
D
Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years? A) Sikhism B) Judaism C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Christianity
D
An example of a government limiting migration is: A) Bangladesh B) Norway C) the U.K. D) the State of Assam
D
Elements of nationalism include all but A) common culture. B) shared attitudes. C) shared emotions. D) political structure. E) state symbols.
D
Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through A) neighborhoods and locations. B) schools and education. C) language. D) religion and food. E) political affiliation.
D
Ethnicity is important because A) it provides the only stable basis of political states. B) it opposes nationalism. C) it promotes peace. D) it is a bulwark for diversity in the face of the globalization of culture. E) it defines citizenship and sovereignty.
D
Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of: A) religious freedom in the United States as European countries oppressed their citizens B) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska C) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions D) decreased economic opportunities as European countries experienced rapid population growth
D
Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East are A) technical specialists invited as consultants B) illegal immigrants C) muslims D) low-status foreigners E) southern Europeans
D
Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since A) partition of Palestine by the United Nations in 1947. B) the withdrawal of British rule in 1948. C) the Arab-Israeli armistice of 1949. D) the Six-Day War in 1967. E) the Egyptian and Israeli peace treaty of 1979.
D
LDCs want MDC consumer goods as a symbol of _______. A) Sel-sufficiency B) Uniform society C) Cultural identity D) Development
D
Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the A) boat people. B) communist victory. C) failure of the monsoon rains. D) separation of religious groups. E) new mobility provided by railway construction.
D
Most Africans shipped as slaves were sent to A) Caribbean islands. B) Central America. C) North America. D) South America. E) Europe.
D
Most European guest workers come from which part of Europe A) central B) north and east C) south and west D) south and east E) north and west
D
Palestinians include all but which of the following groups? A) residents of refugee camps B) residents of territories occupied by Israel C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians D) Jewish citizens of Israel E) Muslim citizens of Israel
D
People are forced to migrate primarily because of which factor? A) international B) mobility C) environmental D) cultural E) economic
D
Racism is belief in A) biological classification of people. B) superiority because of racial identity. C) inferiority because of racial identity. D) all of the above E) B and C
D
Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor? A) economic B) circulation C) environmental D) cultural E) all of the above
D
Self-identification includes A) ethnicity. B) race. C) religion. D) all of the above E) A and C
D
Several million Irish migrated in the 1840's primarily because: A) poor environmental conditions induced them to migrate B) the English forced them to become refugees C) Spanish invasion threatened their homes D) disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of them out of the country E) they were attracted to the United States
D
The U.S. has received the lowest number of refugees from which of these countries? A) Vietnam B) Cuba C) Haiti D) Ethiopia
D
The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions? A) animist B) ethnic C) pagan D) universalizing E) all of the above
D
The dominant branch of Islam is A) Druze. B) Eastern Orthodoxy. C) Sikh. D) Sunni. E) Shiite.
D
The highest rates of emmigration are to: A) The United States B) Mexico and Latin America C) Europe D) Some middle-eastern countries
D
The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from A) frequent migration by the different tribal groups B) colonial administration of native lands C) repeated invasions by outsiders D) thousands of years of isolation between tribal groups E) introduction of many different languages by the colonial powers
D
The largest number of illegal immigrants to the United States come from what country? A) Cuba B) Dominican Republic C) South Korea D) Mexico E) The Philippines
D
The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at __ of the demographic transition. A) stage 4 B) stage 1 C) stage 3 D) stage 2
D
The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the A) religion. B) language. C) governmental organization. D) unit of currency. E) conflict with Turkey.
D
The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is: A) forced B) geomagnetic C) environmental D) economic E) cultural
D
The most widely spoken Indo-European language is: A) Hindi B) Spanish C) Bengali D) English E) none of the above
D
The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called A) war. B) migrational push factors. C) racism. D) ethnic cleansing. E) white flight.
D
What hinders Southwest Asia and North Africa's development? A) Lack of resources B) There resources are not needed on the global market C) Political unrest D) Religion/ traditional culture
D
What policy did the British follow in India? A) They divided India into two countries. B) They forced all of the Hindus to migrate. C) They turned the problem over to the United Nations. D) They encouraged the abolishment of the caste system. E) They required all education to be conducted in English.
D
What stage of Rostow's Development Index goes through the most development? A) 1 - traditional society B) 2 - preconditions of takeoff C) 3 - takeoff D) 4 - drive to maturity E) 5 - the age of mass consumption
D
What was apartheid? A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa B) South Africa's governmental system C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa D) the geographic separation of races in South Africa E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa
D
Which best describes the distribution of ethnicities in the United States? A) regional concentrations B) concentrations within cities C) concentration in cities D) all of the above E) B and C
D
Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it? A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Shintoism
D
Which of the following is not a universalizing religion? A) Buddhism B) Sikhism C) Islam D) Judaism E) Christianity
D
Which of the following is not an element of cultural diversity? A) language B) religion C) ethnicity D) race E) art
D
Why does the U.S. not have a higher HDI? A) Lack of healthcare B) Lack of productivity C) High dropout rates D) A and C E) None of the above
D
Which country has the lowest HDI? A) Nigeria B) South Africa C) Haiti D) Niger
D) Niger (0.340)
The areas of the world with the highest rate of natural increase are what? A. North and South America B. East and Southern Asia C. Eastern Asia and the Middle East D. Africa and the Middle East
D. Africa and the Middle East Explanation: Only select countries have extremely high rates.
Population can be measured as a function of what? A. Arithmetic density B. Agricultural density C. Urban density D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Transferring locations from Earth's surface to a flat map is called projection. What types of distortion can occur in this transference? A. The distance between two points may be incorrect. B. The direction from one place to another can be distorted. C. The relative size of different areas may be altered. D. The shape of an area can be distorted. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What did the agricultural revolution bring with it? A. Bursts of population growth B. Domesticated plants and animals C. Stable food supplies D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which is the correct written scale that describes the relation between map and Earth distances in words? A. 1 foot represents 500 miles B. 1 inch represents 1 mile C. 1 inch represents 1 handlength D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Why is pastoral nomadism in decline? A. Government boundaries B. Land coming under restrictive private boundaries and used for other purposes C. Modern technology D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Suburbs are segregated by A. Territory. B. Commercial activity. C. Social class. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.
D. All of the above.
The percentage of urban dwellers is high in more developed countries because A. The need for fewer farm workers has pushed people out of rural areas. B. The increased percentage living in urban areas has produced a corresponding decrease in the percentage living in rural areas. C. Rural residents came to the city looking for work. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.
D. All of the above.
Population pyramids illustrate what? A. Gender, Cohorts, Total fertility rates B. Average age, Gender, Crude birth rates C. Population growth rates, dependency ratios D. Gender, Age cohorts E. Dependency ratios, Population growth rates, Historical factors
D. Gender, Age cohorts
The controversial process of middle-class people buying and renovating inner-city housing is called A. Transition. B. Suburbanization. C. Consolidation. D. Gentrification.
D. Gentrification.
A formal region which of the following? A. Is based on the perception of the local people B. Includes the core and periphery of economic development C. Is a product of political, economic or social interaction D. Has clearly defined physical criteria, cultural traits or governmental boundary E. Is centered around a node
D. Has clearly defined physical criteria, cultural traits or governmental boundary
What is a squatter settlement? A. Suburban areas in LDCs B. The peripheral zone in the Latin American city model C. Slums in inner cities such as Chicago D. Housing for poor migrants that contains very few services E. Another name for an edge city
D. Housing for poor migrants that contains very few services
Shifting cultivation is considered as what type of agriculture? A. Extensive subsistence. B. Intensive commercial. C. Extensive commercial. D. Intensive subsistence.
D. Intensive subsistence.
Site is one of four ways to identify location. What are the other three ways to answer the "where" question? A. Climate, topography, altitude B. Water sources, soil, vegetation C. Latitude, elevation, place-name D. Mathematical location, situation, place-name E. All of the above
D. Mathematical location, situation, place-name
Which of these characteristics do not belong to shifting cultivation? A. Slash-and-Burn Agriculture B. People live in small villages who practice shifting cultivation C. Constant cultivation until nutrients are depleted and then land is fallowed D. No well-recognized land boundaries under village control
D. No well-recognized land boundaries under village control
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to obtain a central place function: A. Threshold B. Market area C. Order D. Range E. Maximum transport limit
D. Range
Which of these crops are not cereal grains? A. Oats B. Barley C. Rye D. Sorghum E. Wheat
D. Sorghum
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of living in the suburbs? A. Less crime and drug use. B. Better schools for families with children. C. Parking space and a yard. D. Stores, workplaces, and services within walking distance. E. The opportunity to own your own home.
D. Stores, workplaces, and services within walking distance.
Which statement best characterizes a feature of the concentric zone model of urban development? A. Multi-metropolitan complex is formed by the coalescence of two or more major urban areas B. Urban growth conforms to sectors radiating out from the downtown along such transportation routes as bus and train lines C. The city is organized into groupings of specialized activities (e.g. housing districts, shopping areas, port facilities) D. The CBD is the focus of the city's social, commercial, and civic life. E. City growth is haphazard following no particular design or predictable formula of development
D. The CBD is the focus of the city's social, commercial, and civic life.
Chicago's CBD (Central Business District) is known as which of the following? A. The Skyline B. Business Central C. Wall Street D. The Loop E. Favela
D. The Loop
Land reclamation in the form of polders and dikes has dramatically changed the ecology of: A. Nicaragua B. Nevada C. Namibia D. The Netherlands
D. The Netherlands
Which of the following is not considered to be a fundamental part of evaluating the severity of overpopulation? A. Relationship between population and resources B. Ability of an area to support a reasonable standard of living C. Physiological density D. The presence of a middle class
D. The presence of a middle class Explanation: A reasonable life style is loosely considered part of physiological and agricultural density measures.
What was Louis Wirth's contribution to the study of urban patterns? A. Wirth designed the concentric zone model. B. Wirth designed the Latin American city model. C. Wirth studied and created patterns for suburban areas. D. Wirth created three ways to identify an urban area. E. Wirth was the mayor of Los Angeles, and he created new systems of public transport.
D. Wirth created three ways to identify an urban area.
Select the one remaining country still in Stage 1 of the DTM. A. New Guinea B. Tokelau C. Sudan D. none of the above
D. none of the above
What stage of the demographic transition is a country in when it reaches zero population growth? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. none of the above
D. none of the above
The current population pyramid of the United States has a noticeable bulge in the middle, which is due primarily to: A. increased immigration B. better health care C. more accurate census data D. the so-called baby boom
D. the so-called baby boom
The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the
Diffusion of pop culture
1) Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? A) Eastern North America B) Eastern Europe C) Northwestern Europe D) East Asia E) Eastern South America
E
14) Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following? A) United Kingdom B) the Rhine-Rhur valley C) the Mid-Rhine D) Northern Italy E) Portugal and western Spain
E
20) The Italian Po river basin A) contains two-thirds of the country's industry. B) has a key asset in cheaper labor compared to Europe's other industrial regions. C) has inexpensive hydroelectricity. D) is Southern Europes' oldest and most important industrial area. E) has all the above characteristics.
E
4) Outside of the three main regions where industry is concentrated (Europe, North America, and East Asia), the next two largest industrial producing countries are A) India and Pakistan. B) Brazil and Peru. C) Pakistan and Brazil. D) South Africa and India. E) none of the above
E
45) Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important site and situation factors: A) less skilled but cheaper labor than Wester n Europe. B) more expensive but more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America. C) proximity to markets. D) A and B E) all of the above
E
46) The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of A) sea food processing. B) just-in-time inventory management. C) proximity to markets. D) access to fluid capital. E) access to oil and natural gas.
E
49) What Western European country has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century? A) Denmark B) Germany C) France D) Italy E) Spain
E
52) A main benefit for manufacturers of just-in-time delivery is A) that it reduces the money a manufacturer uses for wasteful inventory. B) that it improves delivery time to the customer C) that it allows the manufacturer to reduce factory size D) A and B E) A and C
E
54) What two location factors influence industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe? A) global communications and fluid capital B) cheap labor and high consumer demand C) availability of raw materials and cheap energy D) fluid capital and advantageous tariffs E) skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
E
8) The Industrial Revolution can be explained by a gradual diffusion of ________ inventions. A) social B) economic C) political D) none of the above E) all of the above
E
A form of a language spoken in a local area is a: A) language root B) language branch C) language family D) language group E) dialect
E
A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of: A) forced migration B) a cultural pull factor C) an environmental incentive D) an environmental push factor E) an intervening obstacle
E
According to the U.S. Committee for Refugees, the largest groups of international refugees are: A) Vietnamese, Indian and Indonesian B) Ethiopian, Nicaraguan, and Somalian C) Sudanese, South African and Colombian D) Mexican, Pakistani, and Colombian E) Palestinian, Iraqi and Afgan
E
Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other religions simultaneously? A) Judaism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Buddhism
E
After World War II ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of A) Soviet repatriation of Gypsies and Jews. B) counterattacks by the Allies. C) German expansion. D) return of defeated German soldiers to their homes. E) changes in the boundaries of states.
E
Conflict in Africa is widespread because of A) colonial boundaries. B) numerous ethnic groups. C) rapid economic development. D) all of the above E) A and B.
E
Counterurbanization is: A) the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations B) due to expanding suburbs C) decline of the inner-city infastructure D) the move from urban core to suburban areas E) migration to rural areas and small towns
E
English is the most important language in North America primarily because of: A) prohibitions against foreign languages B) the global dominance of the U.S. C) the Norman conquest D) the diffusion of English colonies E) official government policy
E
Germanic invaders of England Included which tribe: A) Angles B) Jutes C) Saxons D) Normans E) A, B, and C
E
Hebrew is an example of: A) an isolated language B) an Altaic language C) a language family D) an extinct language E) a revived language
E
Migration to the U.S. increased from Europe after 1800 in part because of: A) expanded economic opportunities during the Industrial Revolution B) rapid increase in the crude death rate C) plague and famine D) deteriorating public health, medicine, and food supply E) higher natural increase rates
E
Most Asians are currently migrating to the U.S. through the process of A) global relocation B) expansion diffusion C) illegal immigration D) brain drain E) chain migration
E
Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe? A) central B) north and west C) south and west D) north and east E) south and east
E
Muslims are clustered in A) Sub-Saharan Africa. B) South America C) Eastern Europe. D) East Asia. E) the Middle East.
E
One reason for forced migration in Ethiopia was the A) annexation of Somaliland. B) communist takeover of the government. C) invasion by Libya. D) war with Sudan. E) civil war with the Eriteans.
E
The Flemings and Walloons live in what country: A) France B) Liechtenstein C) Switzerland D) South Africa E) Belgium
E
The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under A) a British Mandate B) Palestenian administration. C) Israeli administration. D) divided administration. E) United Nations administration.
E
The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is A) Druze. B) Eastern Orthodoxy. C) Sikh. D) Sunni. E) Shiite.
E
The situation in Northern Ireland is the result of A) counties in Northern Ireland voting to remain in the United Kingdom. B) Catholic protest against discrimination by Protestants. C) British colonial control which contributed to poor economic conditions. D) violence committed by extreme partisans on both sides. E) all of the above
E
What is the holiest book in Hinduism? A) the Bible B) the Old Testament C) the Quran D) the Amrit E) none of the above
E
Which of these penalties were imposed by the Taliban in Afghanistan? A) Men were beaten for shaving their beards. B) Homosexuals were buried alive. C) Prostitutes were hanged in public, and men were stoned for committing adultery. D) Thievesʹ hands were cut off, and women with nail polish had their fingers cut off. E) all of the above
E
White flight is A) movement of Whites from northern cities. B) movement of Whites from southern cities. C) establishment of suburbs. D) decrease in percent Whites because of Black migration from the Southeast. E) emigration of Whites from an area Blacks were anticipated to move to.
E
Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted: A) intraregional migration is more important than interregional B) women are more likely to migrate than men C) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons D) long migration distances are more likely that short E) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition
E
The largest desert region in the world extends from North Africa to Southwest and Central Asia, and is known as what? A. Sahara B. Arabian C. Gobi D. Thar E All of the above
E All of the above
Select the most correct statement from the choices below. A. Data from different maps and sources, such as field data, map data, and remotely sensed images, can be registered together at the correct geographic location within a common database, with a common map scale and map projection. B. GIS are automated systems for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data. C. GIS is used mainly in overlay analysis, where two or more layers of data are superimposed, or integrated. D. Each type of information is stored as an information layer. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What are the physical characteristics shared by all Mediterranean climatic areas in the world? A. Summers are hot and dry B. Land is hilly and mountainous C. All border a sea D. Winters are wet with moderate temperatures E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What characteristic best describes Europe's pre-industrial cities? A. Poorly organized B. Unsanitary C. Overcrowded D. Uncomfortable E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What serves as nodes of a multiple nuclei model? A. Neighborhood business centers B. Airports C. Universities D. Hospitals E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
A major reason why differences between urban and rural lifestyles have narrowed is A. Cellular phones. B. Television. C. Automobiles. D. Telephone. E. All of the above. D. None of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which geographer is associated with the concept of Cultural Landscape? A. Derwent Whittlesey B. Colin Renfrew C. Wilbur Zelinsky D. Immanuel Wallerstein E. Carl Sauer
E. Carl Sauer
Where would the information come from to make effective use of the three models? A. Nine-digit zip codes B. State records C. County records D. Five-digit zip codes E. Census tracts of the census bureau
E. Census tracts of the census bureau
Which element is not present in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)? A. A population of at least 50,000 B. Adjacent counties in which at least 15 percent of the residents work in the central city's county C. The country within which the city is located D. All of the above E. None of the above
E. None of the above
In order to be considered a Primary MSA, an MSA must meet which criterion? A. Within one county, at least 60 percent of the residents must work in nonfarm jobs. B. It contains at least one county with a population of more than 100,000. C. Less than 50 percent of the county's workers commute to jobs outside the county. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.
E. None of the above.
Outskirts are to towns, as _________ are to cities: A. Hinterlands B. Villages C. Microdistricts D. Hamlets E. Suburbs
E. Suburbs
n the concetric zone model, which of the following is most likely to locate in the outermost ring? A. Industries and factories B. Squatter settlements C. Public housing D. Agricultural establishments E. Wealthy suburban homeowners
E. Wealthy suburban homeowners
All of the following are usually consisted to be cultural hearths EXCEPT
East Asia
What are the 3 categories that make up HDI?
Economic, social, and demographic
The self-sufficiency model stress equal investment in what areas?
Economy and all religion
What are some social indicators of development?
Education- the student/teacher ratio is more than 30 in LDCs but less than 20 in MDCs Literacy rate- the percentage of people who can read and write (greater than 98% in MDCs while less than 60% in LDCs)
In this process of spreading culture, individuals or populations migrating from the source areas physically carry and innovation or idea to new areas. This process is called
Expansion diffusion
A major reason why gentrified inner-city neighborhoods attract middle-class individuals is A. Gentrified areas appeal to alternative lifestyles, singles, and couples without children. B. Little or no commuting to work. C. Tax breaks and low-cost loans are available for gentrification. D. Housing may be cheaper with more square footage and less upkeep. E. Proximity to cultural, recreational, and other entertainment facilities located nearby. F. All of the above.
F. All of the above.
What region is most commonly identified as part of the sunbelt? A. South-central Arizona B. New Orleans C. Central Texas D. Virginia E. South Florida F. Los Angeles-San Diego
F. Los Angeles-San Diego
Identify characteristics of the fair trade movement.
Fair pay, Fair conditions
Adoption of western popular culture seldom results in the elimination of traditional folk culture
False
In general, folk culture is more likely to cause greater uniformity on the landscape than popular culture
False
The origin of popular music is a good example of how folk culture originates
False
True/False: Agriculture originated only in Southeast Asia and diffused from there.
False. Agriculture originated in multiple hearts around the world and diffused.
Folk customs usually originate from
Familiar events in daily life
The use of horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of a
Folk culture
Which of the following statements accurately contrasts folk culture to popular culture
Folk culture encourages sameness between and among cultures; popular culture encourages diversity
In contrast to popular culture, folk cultures are more likely to vary
From place to place at a given time
What are the 4 factors that make up HDI?
GDP, literacy rate, education, and life expectancy
As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to
Gain more opportunities outside the home
What is GEM?
Gender Empowerment Measure
What is GDI?
Gender-Related Development Index
Cultural boundaries include all but which of the following?
Geomorphic
Name the most important language branch in each region of Europe: -northwestern -southwestern -eastern
Germanic, Romance, Balto-Slavic
Name one of the two countries which sent 75% of all immigrants to the U.S. during the 1840's.
Germany and Ireland
The motives of European states in establishing colonies can be summarized as ?
God,Glory, and Gold
Define GDP.
Gross Domestic Product
Define value added.
Gross value of the product minus cost of raw materials and energy
What is value added?
Gross value of the product minus the costs of materials and energy.
What are the indicators of development (specifics)?
HDI, literacy rate, *GDP per capita, job type, education, consumer goods, productivity, LE,
A repetitive act performed by and individual is a
Habit
Why did Southeast Asia have a traditionally low population?
Heat/Rainfall, Typhoons, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes
The main effect of modern communications on social customs has been to
Increase the similarity of social customs in different locations
Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways:
Increased diversity and decreased demand
How is healthcare in the US similar to that found in LDCs?
Individuals have to pay 55% of it
What is the most important language Family in South America? What is the most important language Branch of that family in South America? What are the two most important Individual languages in South America?
Indo-European, Romance, Spanish and Portuguese
India has embrace what economic model of development?
International trade alternative
Why is development so low in Sub-Saharan Africa?
It has a lot of people in a small amount of land and they are not able to produce food. They also are hindered by a lot of civil wars between tribes
What is the secondary sector?
It includes workers that are manufacturers
What is the primary sector?
It includes workers who work through agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry
What is the tertiary sector?
It is the issuing of goods and services in exchange for money. It includes retailing, banking, law, education, and government.
What is the self-sufficiency approach?
It is when country's spread investments throughout the economy and their land so there is no area in poverty.
Which of the following characteristics is more typical of a popular culture than a folk culture?
It results in a uniform landscape
A taboo agains pork is a characteristic of
Judaism and Islam
If one teacher has a high amount of students, what type of country is most likely to be?
LDC
Subsistence Farming is found in what types of countries of the world?
LDCs
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
Large heterogeneous groups
What less developed region has a higher percentage of people living in urban areas?
Latin America
Identify less developed regions
Latin America, East Asia, Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia
What does LCD stand for?
Less Developed Country
Why are MDCs more productive than LDCs?
MDCs have access to technology and education while LDCs don't have machines that can do the work for them.
What is the difference in health between MDCs and LDCs?
MDCs have more money to spend on health care than LDCs. LDCs also eat less calories than average which leads to hunger and death
What is the life expectancy in MDCs and LDCs?
MDCs- in the 70's LDCs- in the 60's
Identify examples of secondary economic activities.
Manufacturing, Transforming, Raw materials
What is gender inequality?
Many countries in LDCs have almost all of their income from men while MDCs have income from both genders.
What are the smallest states in the world called? What type of landform are they typically?
Mircostates: Islands
One significant impact of popular culture is to
Modify the physical environment
What does MDC stand for?
More Developed Country
Why are workers more productive in MDCs
More access to technology and equipment needed
Popular customs most frequently originate in
More developed countries
Compare the numbers of the primary sector workers in MDCs and LDCs.
More in LDCs but on the decline
China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because
Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption
Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending its borders. Which of the following is not an elongated state?
Namibia
Are consumer goods common to most people in LDCs?
No
The number of television sets per person is greatest in
North America
Identify more developed regions.
North America Europe
Where are the more developed regions?
North America and Europe
Which of the following is an important source area for U.S. folk house types?
Northeast
Why does gender inequality hinder development?
Not fullest potential of equality
What is Russia's biggest economic asset?
Oil resources
Typically, popular culture
Originates in a number of locations at the same time
What is the biggest problem that LDCs face in financing development?
Paying back loans
The North American region is not the worlds leading producer of what energy resource?
Petroleum
What was the key element in Saudi Arabia's international trade alternative?
Petroleum reserves
What is Southwest Asia and North Africa's major economic asset?
Petroleum/Natural Resources
The world's smallest colony is
Pitcairn.