Exam 3

check out the chart on page 126 and 127

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check out the graph on page 124

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Many social workers are employed in mental health agencies and use the _____________ to make diagnoses as part of a comprehensive client assessment. It has been the standard resource for clinical diagnosis in the united states for more than half a century.

DSM-5

_________ __________ DEVELOPMENT THEORY is the most influential theory of cognition in social work and psychology

Jean Piaget

two disorders that feature cognitive symptoms are _____________ and __________.

OCD and Anorexia

two disorders that feature emotional symptoms are ____________ and ______________.

PDD and agoraphobia

the term emotion is often used interchangeably in the study of psychology with the term ________, but the latter refers only to the physiological manifestations of feelings.

affect.

the, __________, part of the limbic system, is key in the production of emotional state.

amygdala

______________-responding to experiences based on existing schemata or ____________- changing schemata when new situations cannot be incorporated within an existing one.

assimilation or accommodation.

________ theory holds that our experience of emotion is based on conscious evaluations we make about physiological sensations in particular settings. We respond to situations as we understand them cognitively, which leads directly to our experience of a particular emotion.

attribution

the ____________ nervous system is key to our processing of emotion. This system consists of nerve tracts running from the base of the brain, through the spinal cord, andante the internal organs of the body. it is concerned with maintaining the body's homeostasis.

autonomic

__________, key elements of our cognition, are ideas we hold to be true.

beliefs

In ego psychology, the ego is conceived of as present from _____ and not as derived from the need to reconcile drives within the constraints of social living, as psychoanalytic theory would say.

birth

_________ can be defined as our conscious or preconscious thinking process- the mental activities of which we are aware or can become aware of with reflection. This includes taking in relevant information from the environment, synthesizing the information, and formulating a plan of action based on synthesis.

cognition

the _______ self includes self representations that develop within or schemata. The self as a thinker implies that action and emotion originate in thought.

cognitive

________________ are habits of thought that lead us at times to distort input from the environment and experience psychological distress.

cognitive distortions

social learning theorists, unlike other social behavioral theorists, assert that thinking takes place between the occurrence of a stimulus and our response. They call this thought process __________ _________.

cognitive meditation

______________- to use abstract thoughts and ideas that are not tied to situational sensory and motor information.

cognitive operations

the combination of assessing and intervening with a person's though processes, and then helping the client to identify and develop reinforcers for new ways of thinking and behaving is known as____________ therapy

cognitive-behavioral

Mead said emotions develop as symbols of _________. He believed that humans are by nature more sensitive to visual than verbal cues.

communication

__________ thinking is the basis for almost all behavior and emotions.

conscious

____________ morality emphasizes adherence to social rules. A person at this level of morality might be very troubled by circumstances that make him or her different from other people.

conventional

researchers have found that ______ may have a greater influence on moral reasoning than gender does.

culture

__________ come from our need to indirectly manage drives when we become frustrated, as we frequently do in the social world, where we must negotiate acceptable behaviors with others

defense mechanisms

from the perspective of cognitive theory, the sources of our problems may involve accurate assessments of our environment, cognitive _________.

deficits

______________ theory asserts that emotions originate in our neurophysiology and that our personalities are organized around affective biases.

differential emotions

________ are innate compulsions to gratify basic needs.

drives

Our conscious mental functioning that takes place within the _______, that part of the personality responsible for negotiating between internal drives and the outside world.

ego

the ________ is the source of our attention, concentration, learning, memory, will, and perception.

ego

your ____, which incorporates cognitive and emotional elements, is largely your conception of "who you are"

ego

___________, which emerged in the 1930s, shifted to am ore balanced perspective on the influences of cognition and emotion in social functioning.

ego psychology

______ is a difficult concept to define but can be understood as a feeling state characterized by our appraisal of a stimulus, changes in bodily sensations, and displays of expressive gestures.

emotion

in ___________________ focused practice, the social worker would attempt to activate the person's primary emotional reactions, making them more available to awareness withing the safety of the social worker-client relationship and making secondary emotional reactions amenable to reflection and change when necessary

emotion

_______ intelligence is a person's ability to process information about emotions accurately and effectively and, consequently, to regulate emotions in an optimal manner. It includes self control, zest and persistence, and the ability to motivate oneself, understand and regulate one's emotions, etc

emotional intelligence

Davidson claims that we all have different ________, composed of combination of six components that determine how we react to experiences in our lives and how likely we are to have particular moods.

emotional style

social learning theorists acknowledge that thoughts and ________ exist but understand them as _________ in need of explaining rather than as primary motivating factors.

emotions behaviors

through the brain imaging research he has found that the greater the number of connections between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, the better we tend to be at managing our _______.

emotions.

Every primary emotion we experience has the purpose of helping us adjust our relationship with an _________________ situation to enhance coping.

environmental

as children, we are motivated to develop schemata as a means of maintaining psychological ___________, or balance.

equilibrium

___________ beliefs, which may result from misinterpretations of perceptions or from conclusions based on insufficient evidence, frequently contribute to social dysfunction.

erroneous

Our ___ is defined by our freedom to make choices and our need to discover or create meaning (sometimes called will or drive) for ourselves.

essence.

the concept of self as an ongoing process of experience is incorporated in the philosophy and practice theory of ________.

extensionalism

True/False Emotion is always consciously experienced

false

true or false social workers are not reluctant to label people as having cognitive or emotional disorders/

false

our physiological responses to a stimulus are nonspecific and only prepare us for a general ____________ response

fight-or-flight

the _________ is more focused on the external environment and center of emotion, reasoning, judgement,

forebrain

One limitation of kohl berg's theory is that it does not take into account __________ differences.

gender

the brain may be conceive as having three sections: the _________, __________, and ___________.

handbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

emotion's expression is primarily mediated by the __________, whereas the experience of emotions is a _________________ functions.

hypothalamus limbic.

the concept of self includes the _ and the _. the _ is the conscious self-what we are aware of in self-reflection and what actively processes information and solves problems. he me incorporates thoughts feelings and attitudes internalized over time and beneath the level of readiness

i and me

Mead pointed out, we experience our emotions as ______________, not verbal thoughts.

images `

_________ ___________ theory offers details about how our cognitive processes are organized. This theory makes a clear distinction between the thinker and the external environment

information processing

__________ includes the following: the ability to solve problems one encounters in life the ability to generate new problems to solve the ability to make something or offer a service that is valued within one's culture.

intelligence

there is no necessary relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional_________.

intensity

some emotional experience is an _________ and not merely given by our ____________ state.

interpretation physiological

Freud's landmark work, ___________, singled the arrival of ___________.

interpretation of dreams psychoanalytic theory

boys tend to emphasize independence, autonomy, and the rights of others in their moral thinking, using a __________ approach. Girls, develop an this of care and interdependence that grows out of a concern for the needs of others rather than a need for independence.

justice

________ formulated six stages of moral development, divided into three levels, which begin in childhood and unfold through adolescence and young adulthoood.

kohlberg

two intelligences, ___________ and the _________ are the most consistent with traditional notions of intelligence.

linguistic ( related to spoken and written language) logical-mathematical (analytic)

the DSM provides a __________ perspective on human functioning.

medical

the __ represents our capacity to respond subjectively to external stimuli through conceptualization, defining, symbolizing, valuing, and reflecting.

mind

emotion is not the same as ______, a feeling of disposition that is more stable than emotion, usually less intense and less tied to a specific situation

mood

_____________ is our sensitivity to, and perceptions of , what is right and wrong. It develops from our acquired principles of justice and ways of caring for others.

morals

________ theory sees the mind as playing an active role in processing- not merely recording but actually constructing the nature of the input it receives.

motor

Howard Gardner's theory of ___________ ___________ constitutes a major step forward in our understanding of how people come to possess different types of cognitive skills and how the same person is able to effectively use cognition and emotion in some areas of life but not in others.

multiple intelligences

in the multiple intelligence theory the brain is understood _______ as a single cognitive unit but as a central unit of neurological functioning that houses relatively separate cognitive faculties.

not

__________ system nerve tracts produce opposite or calming effects in the body. The two systems work together to maintain an appropriate level of physical arousal.

parasympathetic

according to ___________ theory, every human being is a unique biological organism, born with inherent, organically based potentials and ideally striving to lead a life in which the sense of "self" is consistent with those potentials.

person centered

many people never move beyond this level to _____________ morality, which is characterized by a concern with moral principles transcending those of their own society.

post conventional

the first two stages represent_________ morality in which the child's primary motivation is to avoid immediate punishment and receive immediate rewards.

pre-conventional morality

from this perspective, it is the unconscious or ________________ ( mental activity that is out of awareness but can be brought into awareness with prompting) appraisal of situations in relation to our needs that creates emotions.

preconscious

______________ emotions may have evolved as specific reactions with survival value for the human species. They mobilize us, focus our attention, and signal our state of mind to others.

primary

happiness, sadness, fear, and anger are ________ emotions that are hard wired into our brains

primary

we tend to appraise situations accurately with our _________________ emotions.

primary

____________ theory and ego psychology are consistent with the ideas that we experience ourselves a capable of initiating action, and the sens of organization emerges as we synthesize our activities and experiences.

psychoanalytic

the basis of __________ is the primacy of internal drives and unconscious mental activity in human behavior.

psychoanalytic theory

_________ can be defined as one's mind and mental processes.

psychology

________ defined as an internalized representation of the world or an ingrained and systematic pattern of though, action, and problem solving.

schema

___________ are the basis for the ways we screen, discriminate, and code stimuli; categorize and evaluate experiences; and make judgements.

schemata

_________________ emotions are more variable among people and are socially acquired. They evolved as humans developed more sophisticated means to promote flexible cohesion in social groups

secondary

______________________ emotions emerge from these primary emotions as a result of cognitive mediation. From this perspective (greensberg), problems in social functioning may occur in one of four scenarios.

secondary

envy,jealous, anxiety, guilt, shame, relief, hope, depression, love, and compassion are ___________ emotions

secondary

____, has a range of perspectives: as a soul, an unfolding of innate potentials, an organizing activity, a cognitive structure, process of share symbolic activity, a flow of experience

self

PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE OPERATIONS: 1. ___________ stage- birth to 2- infant is egocentric 2. _______ stage- 2-7- discovers rules that can be applied to incoming info 3. ___________ stage 7-11- solve problems with strategy 4. _________ 11- adult- solve problems with abstract concepts

sensorimotor pre operational concrete operations formal operations

Information processing is a ________ theory in that it depicts information as flowing passively from the external world inward through the senses to the mind. It views the mind as having distinct parts- including the sensory register, short-term memory, and long term memory-that make unique contributions to thinking in a specific sequence.

sensory

Piaget's central ideas is that cognitive development unfolds ___________.

sequentially

_________ theory states that emotions can be understood as socially constructed, transitory roles. They are socially constructed because they originate in our appraisals of situations, transitory in that they are time limited, and roles because they include a range of socially acceptable actions that may be performed in a certain context.

social constructionist

according to _________ theory, we are motivated by nature to experience pleasure and avoid pain.

social learning

Our schemata develop through ________________ or _____________.

social learning or direct learning

without a ___________framework, the value of human life may be reduced to the value that society places on certain kinds of people

spiritual

In Piaget's system, our capacity for reasoning develops in ______, from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood.

stages

the theory of _________ ______ seeks a resolution to the idea that person and environment are separate. It stresses that we develop a sense of meaning in the world through interaction wit our physical and social environments, which include other people but also all manifestations of cultural life.

symbolic interactionism

the physiology of emotion begins the ________, a major integrating center of the brain. It is located in the forebrain. it is the site that receives and relays sensory information from the body and from the environment to other parts of the brain.

thalamus

________________ assume that conscious thinking is the basis for almost all behavior and emotions. Basically, our thoughts produce emotions.

theories of cognition

__________ are our means of deciding how to gratify our drives.

thoughts

true or false sexual and aggressive drives are not feelings in themselves, but hey motivate behavior that will presumably gratify our impulses.

true

true or false cognitive theory is a highly rational approach to human behavior

true

true or false we are more driven to avoid pain than to experience pleasure

true

true/false we may be more emotionally intelligent about other people than we are ourselves and vise versa

true

Affect may be the result of drives which generate both conscious and _________ feelings (those which we are not aware but the influence our behavior).

unconscious