AP Psych 7A

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by:

context effects

When John applied for a driver's license, he was embarrassed by a momentary inability to remember his address. John's memory difficulty most likely resulted from a(n) ________ failure.

retrieval

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful:

retrieval cue

Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way of facilitating:

semantic encoding

The vague statement, "Arrange the items into different groups before and after the procedure," becomes easier to understand and recall when the same sentence is given the heading: "Doing Laundry." This best illustrates the influence of:

semantic encoding

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study found that ________ memories have a limited duration without active processing and rehearsal.

short-term

Recorded information played during sleep is registered by the ears but is not remembered. This illustrates that the retention of information requires:

effortful processing

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in:

encoding

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of:

encoding failure

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to corrode neural connections and interfere with the process of:

forming long-term explicit memories

Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle or how to ride a bike without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory:

implicit

Shortly after you see a missing-child poster you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of:

priming

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates:

proactive interference

Ebbinghaus' storage decay "forgetting curve" shows that the rate at which we forget learned information is:

rapid loss at first but the rate levels off after the initial loss

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?

recall

An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized?

recognition

In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as:

rehearsal

Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for:

rehearsal

Repression of sexual abuse and motivated forgetting of gambling losses most clearly involve a failure in:

retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory is called:

retrieval

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the old combination Milton is experiencing the effects of:

retroactive interference

Most Americans have flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by:

stress or emotion that causes release of hormones

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of:

the automatic processing of space/place.

Long-term potentiation refers to:

an increase in the synaptic firing of neurons during learning.

Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as:

Automatic Processing

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

Long-term memory

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?

Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them than the recall task assigned to Group 1.

Which of the following best describes the position of many current researchers regarding repression?

Repression rarely occurs as it is difficult to forget emotional materials

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using:

a mnemonic device

Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of:

acoustic encoding

During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates:

automatic processing

The numbers 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 7, 7, 8 are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to 1776 and 1812. This provides an illustration of:

chunking

Storage decay that causes us to forget information is illustrated by the famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve that shows how well we remember information depends on:

how long ago we learned that information

You are most likely to automatically encode information about?

how many times you called someone before they answered

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memories .

iconic

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for his wife to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, she attempts to write down the items. Due to the serial position effect, she is most likely to forget the items:

in the middle of the list

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve:

interference

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

long-term

Knowing that each letter in the word HOMES stands for one the first letter of one of the Great Lakes is memory aid that involves the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material. These memory techniques are called:

mnemonic devices

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of:

mood-congruent memory.

We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?

parallel processing

Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been lost in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated:

the misinformation effect

Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of:

the peg-word system.

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as:

the spacing effect

James took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quickly remembered it. This illustrates that:

the speed of relearning confirms that information is stored and accessible