AP Psych Chapter 13

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A famous 12-step program is associated with

AA

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

biomedical therapies.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Peter is depressed because he thinks his teacher's study suggestions mean he's going to fail her course. Peter would profit the most from

cognitive therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of

norepinephrine and serotonin.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

psychoanalysis

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called SSRIs because they

slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) EMDR is most similar to a technique known as

systematic desensitization.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as

transference

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The psychologist known for challenging people's absurd self-defeating ideas is

Albert Ellis

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of

Beck's cognitive therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine?

Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relieve the symptoms of PTSD and OCD?

D-cycloserine

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Rapidly moving one's eyes while recalling traumatic experiences is most descriptive of

EMDR

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy?

Mark, who feels so depressed that he recently tried to commit suicide

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is

Prozac

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?

Shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics Anonymous.

a 12-step program

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?

a psychoanalyst

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors?

a token economy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Proponents of behavior modification have suggested that institutionalized patients can be weaned from ________ by shifting them to other rewards common to life outside an institution.

a token economy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.

antianxiety

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.

antipsychotic

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

aversive conditioning

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include

aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. To reduce his appetite for this product, a behavior therapist would most likely use

aversive conditioning.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use

aversive conditioning.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, ?No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting.? Cindy's therapist sounds most like a ________ therapist.

behavior

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.

behavior modification

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of

behavior modification.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client?

behavior therapy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are

biomedical therapies.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Lyle Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood-stabilizing drugs, their positive expectations that their lives will improve, and the supportive responses of patients' families and friends. Mr. Bensfield's emphasis best illustrates a(n) ________ approach to therapy.

biopsychosocial

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.

biopsychosocial

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of

bipolar disorder.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.

briefer

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the

client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

client-centered

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a

client-centered therapist.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Carl Rogers is known for the development of

client-centered therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because

clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Natasha claimed that her failure to get A's in all her courses meant she was incompetent. Her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, ?By your strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all students are incompetent!? The therapist's response was most typical of a(n) ________ therapist.

cognitive

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of

cognitive therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of

cognitive therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In one study, people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning. Instead of giving in to an urge, they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain. This strategy for dealing with their difficulty best illustrates

cognitive-behavior therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her preschool child. This suggestion best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

counterconditioning

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In an effort to reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of

counterconditioning.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.

counterconditioning; behavior therapy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.

dopamine

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) An important component of psychoanalysis is

dream analysis.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The biomedical treatment most widely used today is

drug therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Psychopharmacology involves the study of how:

drugs affect mind and behavior.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

eclectic

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following treatment approaches has received little or no scientific support?

energy therapies

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient characteristics best illustrates

evidence-based practice.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires

evidence-based practice.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when a rabbit was repeatedly presented while Peter was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

exposure therapies.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of

exposure therapies.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Transference refers to a client's

expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) To help Mr. Eberstadt overcome his addiction to alcohol, his therapist first attempted to discover whether the substance dependency was somehow a related to conflicts with his spouse. The therapist's concern is most likely to be characteristic of a

family therapist.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of a

family therapist.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy.

genuinely express their own true feelings

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American psychotherapists who emphasize the value of

individualism.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?

interpersonal psychotherapy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

interpersonal relationships.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal affective disorder?

light exposure therapy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients?

lobotomy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.

mood-stabilizing

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Praising socially withdrawn children when they have eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of

operant conditioning.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The approach that has helped children with autism learn to function successfully in school involves

operant conditioning.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of

phobias

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

positive reinforcement.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?

preventive mental health

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for being too expensive and time-consuming?

psychoanalysis

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?

psychoanalysis

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with

psychoanalysis.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

psychodynamic therapist.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Although Albert Ellis and Allen Bergin disagree about the value of self-sacrifice and marital fidelity, as professional therapists they both agree that

psychotherapists' personal values influence their practice of therapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A possible explanation for the effectiveness of ________ is that it may reduce depression by triggering the long-term potentiation of frontal lobe nerve cells.

rTMS

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) By overestimating the actual benefits of their psychotherapeutic treatment, clients are most likely attempting to satisfy their motivation for

self-justification.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) In promoting therapeutic life-style change, Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues note that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and

social engagement.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Most self-help and support groups focus on ______ illnesses.

stigmatized

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A psychodynamic therapist is most likely to

suggest interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.

systematic desensitization

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following best illustrates a form of psychotherapy?

systematic desensitization

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?

systematic desensitization

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) With ________, the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response.

systematic desensitization

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of

systematic desensitization.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of

systematic desensitization.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Virtual reality exposure therapy is a form of

systematic desensitization.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as

tardive dyskinesia.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they

tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Light exposure therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences

the body's arousal.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of

the double-blind procedure.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to

the placebo effect.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as

the placebo effect.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates

the therapeutic alliance.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Therapy outcome studies indicate that highly religious people may prefer and benefit from

therapists with similar religious beliefs.

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying?

virtual reality exposure therapy

(Myers 2e Chapter 13) After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal