ap psych

believe that the drive toward self-actualization is innate

humanistic psychologists

not well developed until after 3 years old

hippocampus

cognitive dissonance theory

leon festinger

7 clusters

THURSTONE

"hidden observer"

ernst hilgard

cause and effect

experimental method

Seley's general adaption syndrome

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

social cognitive theory

albert bandura

behavioral cognitive therapy // rational emotive behavior therapy

albert ellis

regulates levels of arousal

reticular activating system

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

the psychoanalytic concept of repression suggest a difficulty in

retrieval

increases nervous system activity

cocaine

people with color blindness have a deficiencies in

comes

receptors afferent neurons interneurons efferent neurons effectors

correct order of neural chain

Robert Sternberg

creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types)

parkinson's and schizophrenia

dopamine

Homeostasis is most closely related to

drive reduction theory

developmental psychologist // theory of psychosocial development

erik erickson

just noticeable difference

ernst weber

taste aversion

john garcia

"little albert"

john wastson

behavioral therapy // systematic desensitization

joseph wople

Neo-Freudian // penis envy

karen HORNEY

developmental psychologist // stages of moral development

lawrence kolgberg

speech functions are found here

left cerebral hemisphere

speech functions are localized in what

left cerebral hemisphere

area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing

medulla

oval window

membrane at the enterance to the cochlea through which the ossicles transmit vibrations

Rods are

more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones // peripheral

a word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but can't be broken down into smaller meaningful units

morpheme

increase velocity or conduction of the action potential along the axon

myelin sheath

studied conformity

solomon asch

confederate's judgement weren't unanimous

solomon asch'a experiments on conformity

night terrors and somnambulism occur during what sleep stage

stage 4

studied obedience

stanley milgram

first stage of memory processing involves this

storage

General Adaptation Syndrome

Hans Selye's three-stage (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) reaction to chronic stress.

Amplitude

Height of a wave // LOUDNESS

test needs to get same results each time it's given

reliability

most specific concepts

subordinate

most general concept

superordinate

fovea

visual activity

evolutionary perspective

Charles Darwin

the most profound impact on ethical issues

Stanley Milgarn's study of ebedience

learned helplessness in dogs

martin seligman

test needs to measure what it's designed to measure

validity

just noticeable difference

weber's law

coined the term "IQ"

william stern

insight learning

wolfgang kohler

behaviorist /// operant conditioning

BF Skinner

John B Watson

Behaviorism

Cones are responsible for

Color vision

Repression

Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious.

studied infants ability to perceive depth

Eleanor Gibson

misinformation effect

Elizabeth Loftus

first president of APA

G Stanley Hall

Alcohol affects this neurotransmitter

GABA

8 multiple intelligences

Howard Gardner

classically conditioned dogs

Ivan Pavlov

stages of development

Jean Piaget

first female pres of APA

Mary Whiton Calkins

language acquisition

Noam Chomsky

Stanford Prison Experiment

Philip Zimbardo

16PF Questionnaire

Raymond Cattell

triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg

Transduction

The process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity

gate control theory

Theory that says that pressure sensation blocks pain.

founder of functionalist perspective

William James

cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

attribution theory

a way of explaining others' behavior by either one's disposition or one's situation

humanistic psychologist // hierarchy of needs

abraham maslow

1st one to make mental age test

alfred binet

studied human sexuality

alfred kinsey

correctly describes firing of neurons

all-or-none response

can treat narcolepsy

amphetamines

the height of the sound wave

amplitude

fear

amygdala

anterograde amnesia

an inability to form new memories

retrograde amnesia

an inability to retrieve information from one's past

process when one evaluates the causes of other people's behavior

attribution

don't increase mental or behavioral activity

barbiturates

token economy

behavioral

seek to modify a client's behavior by changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

behaviorally oriented therapists

holds that development is largely a product of learning

behaviorism

photoreceptors relay visual info to the brain through

bipolar and ganglion

place where the optic nerve exits to the brain

blind spot

Neo-Freudian // collective unconscious

carl jung

humanistic psychologist // client-centered therapy

carl rogers

left temporal lobe // understanding

carl wernicke

part of the brain that is most active in decision making

cerebral cortex

"g" general intelligence

charles spearman

refers to the outcome that is measured by an experiment

dependent variable

piaget's earliest stage of which a child is able of using simple logic to think about objects and events

concrete operational

deafness can result from this

connections in auditory nerve and auditory cortex in temporal lobe

damage to this means no plan making

frontal lobe

studied impact of labeling individuals with psychological disorders

david rosenhan

created the WAIS and WISC

david wechsler

positive symptom of schizophrenia

delusions

high level of shock administered in milgram studies was

dependent variable

law of effect

edward thorndike

we learn things but many not express it immediately

edward tolman

infants developing depth perception

eleanor gibson

smell and taste are chemical senses because they send impulses to the brain in the form of this

elective energy

successful in clinical depression

electroconvulsive therapy

limbic system is most closely related to this

emotions

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

endorphins

contains the visual receptor cells

function of retina

Nature vs. Nurture

francis galton

a measure of how frequently the sound waves pass a given point

frequency

perceived pitch of a tone is determined by

frequency

studied gestalt therapy

fritz perls

determines which pain messages are perceived

gate control theory

trait theorists

gordon allport

tendency for the prevailing opinion within a group to become more extreme after discussion

group polarization

absolute and difference thresholds

gustav fechner

middle ear

hammer, anvil, stirrup // tympanic membrane & ossicles

Monkey experiment

harlow

a hostile person with a type A personality will most likely develop this

heart disease

brain scans of people with amnesia most likely to show damage to this

hippocampus

the balanced psychological stage where we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs

homeostatic

induces more suggestibility in the individual

hypnosis

no reliable way to tell if someone is what

hypnotized

blind, impulsive, and irrational is the

id

inner ears

internal parts of the ears that give people a sense of balance

binocular cue for depth perception

linear perspective

Stanford-Binet Test

louis terman

studied attachment bonds

mary ainsworth

nature vs. nurture emphasizes this

maturation

technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations

negative reinforcement

dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are what

neurotransmitters

pain receptors

nociceptors

contains primary visual cortex

occipital lobe

color blindness and cold afterimages

opponent processing theory

left frontal lobe // production

paul broca

Big 5 Personality Traits // OCEAN

paul costa and robert mccrae

studied facial expressions around the world

paul ekman

gestalt psych is most concerned with

perception

top down processing

perception

Gestalt principles are what

perceptual

technique that stresses the patient to determine course of therapy

person centered therapy

lack retinal disparity

person with sight in one eye

All human languages have several basic sounds in common called

phonemes

most typical

prototype

factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include

proximity and similarity

drawing pictures for therapy

psychoanalytic

these are less empirical

psychoanalytic theories

confronting clients with their faulty logic

rational-emotive therapy

goal is to correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives

rational-emotive therapy

hair cells

receptor cells for hearing found in the cochlea // transduction

simple spatial reasoning takes place here

right hemisphere

suggests prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems

scapegoat theory

influences balance

semicircular canals

bottom up processing

sensation

gustatory sense

sense of taste

predicts when we will detect weak signals

signal detection theory

difference not likely due to chance

significant difference

rules of grammar are rules of this

syntax

fundamental attribution error

tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people's behavior

where neurotransmitters are stored

terminal buttons

Frequency

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time // PITCH

outer ear

the outermost part of the ear, consisting of the PINNA and the external AUDITORY CANAL

parallel processing

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously // making sense of things

opponent process theory

the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision // work against each other

what is the general function of the bones in the middle eat

transfer sound info from the tympanic membrane to the oval window