ap psych
believe that the drive toward self-actualization is innate
humanistic psychologists
not well developed until after 3 years old
hippocampus
cognitive dissonance theory
leon festinger
7 clusters
THURSTONE
"hidden observer"
ernst hilgard
cause and effect
experimental method
Seley's general adaption syndrome
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
social cognitive theory
albert bandura
behavioral cognitive therapy // rational emotive behavior therapy
albert ellis
regulates levels of arousal
reticular activating system
In vision, transduction occurs within the
retina
the psychoanalytic concept of repression suggest a difficulty in
retrieval
increases nervous system activity
cocaine
people with color blindness have a deficiencies in
comes
receptors afferent neurons interneurons efferent neurons effectors
correct order of neural chain
Robert Sternberg
creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types)
parkinson's and schizophrenia
dopamine
Homeostasis is most closely related to
drive reduction theory
developmental psychologist // theory of psychosocial development
erik erickson
just noticeable difference
ernst weber
taste aversion
john garcia
"little albert"
john wastson
behavioral therapy // systematic desensitization
joseph wople
Neo-Freudian // penis envy
karen HORNEY
developmental psychologist // stages of moral development
lawrence kolgberg
speech functions are found here
left cerebral hemisphere
speech functions are localized in what
left cerebral hemisphere
area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing
medulla
oval window
membrane at the enterance to the cochlea through which the ossicles transmit vibrations
Rods are
more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones // peripheral
a word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but can't be broken down into smaller meaningful units
morpheme
increase velocity or conduction of the action potential along the axon
myelin sheath
studied conformity
solomon asch
confederate's judgement weren't unanimous
solomon asch'a experiments on conformity
night terrors and somnambulism occur during what sleep stage
stage 4
studied obedience
stanley milgram
first stage of memory processing involves this
storage
General Adaptation Syndrome
Hans Selye's three-stage (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) reaction to chronic stress.
Amplitude
Height of a wave // LOUDNESS
test needs to get same results each time it's given
reliability
most specific concepts
subordinate
most general concept
superordinate
fovea
visual activity
evolutionary perspective
Charles Darwin
the most profound impact on ethical issues
Stanley Milgarn's study of ebedience
learned helplessness in dogs
martin seligman
test needs to measure what it's designed to measure
validity
just noticeable difference
weber's law
coined the term "IQ"
william stern
insight learning
wolfgang kohler
behaviorist /// operant conditioning
BF Skinner
John B Watson
Behaviorism
Cones are responsible for
Color vision
Repression
Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious.
studied infants ability to perceive depth
Eleanor Gibson
misinformation effect
Elizabeth Loftus
first president of APA
G Stanley Hall
Alcohol affects this neurotransmitter
GABA
8 multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner
classically conditioned dogs
Ivan Pavlov
stages of development
Jean Piaget
first female pres of APA
Mary Whiton Calkins
language acquisition
Noam Chomsky
Stanford Prison Experiment
Philip Zimbardo
16PF Questionnaire
Raymond Cattell
triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg
Transduction
The process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity
gate control theory
Theory that says that pressure sensation blocks pain.
founder of functionalist perspective
William James
cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
attribution theory
a way of explaining others' behavior by either one's disposition or one's situation
humanistic psychologist // hierarchy of needs
abraham maslow
1st one to make mental age test
alfred binet
studied human sexuality
alfred kinsey
correctly describes firing of neurons
all-or-none response
can treat narcolepsy
amphetamines
the height of the sound wave
amplitude
fear
amygdala
anterograde amnesia
an inability to form new memories
retrograde amnesia
an inability to retrieve information from one's past
process when one evaluates the causes of other people's behavior
attribution
don't increase mental or behavioral activity
barbiturates
token economy
behavioral
seek to modify a client's behavior by changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client
behaviorally oriented therapists
holds that development is largely a product of learning
behaviorism
photoreceptors relay visual info to the brain through
bipolar and ganglion
place where the optic nerve exits to the brain
blind spot
Neo-Freudian // collective unconscious
carl jung
humanistic psychologist // client-centered therapy
carl rogers
left temporal lobe // understanding
carl wernicke
part of the brain that is most active in decision making
cerebral cortex
"g" general intelligence
charles spearman
refers to the outcome that is measured by an experiment
dependent variable
piaget's earliest stage of which a child is able of using simple logic to think about objects and events
concrete operational
deafness can result from this
connections in auditory nerve and auditory cortex in temporal lobe
damage to this means no plan making
frontal lobe
studied impact of labeling individuals with psychological disorders
david rosenhan
created the WAIS and WISC
david wechsler
positive symptom of schizophrenia
delusions
high level of shock administered in milgram studies was
dependent variable
law of effect
edward thorndike
we learn things but many not express it immediately
edward tolman
infants developing depth perception
eleanor gibson
smell and taste are chemical senses because they send impulses to the brain in the form of this
elective energy
successful in clinical depression
electroconvulsive therapy
limbic system is most closely related to this
emotions
Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
endorphins
contains the visual receptor cells
function of retina
Nature vs. Nurture
francis galton
a measure of how frequently the sound waves pass a given point
frequency
perceived pitch of a tone is determined by
frequency
studied gestalt therapy
fritz perls
determines which pain messages are perceived
gate control theory
trait theorists
gordon allport
tendency for the prevailing opinion within a group to become more extreme after discussion
group polarization
absolute and difference thresholds
gustav fechner
middle ear
hammer, anvil, stirrup // tympanic membrane & ossicles
Monkey experiment
harlow
a hostile person with a type A personality will most likely develop this
heart disease
brain scans of people with amnesia most likely to show damage to this
hippocampus
the balanced psychological stage where we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs
homeostatic
induces more suggestibility in the individual
hypnosis
no reliable way to tell if someone is what
hypnotized
blind, impulsive, and irrational is the
id
inner ears
internal parts of the ears that give people a sense of balance
binocular cue for depth perception
linear perspective
Stanford-Binet Test
louis terman
studied attachment bonds
mary ainsworth
nature vs. nurture emphasizes this
maturation
technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
negative reinforcement
dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are what
neurotransmitters
pain receptors
nociceptors
contains primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
color blindness and cold afterimages
opponent processing theory
left frontal lobe // production
paul broca
Big 5 Personality Traits // OCEAN
paul costa and robert mccrae
studied facial expressions around the world
paul ekman
gestalt psych is most concerned with
perception
top down processing
perception
Gestalt principles are what
perceptual
technique that stresses the patient to determine course of therapy
person centered therapy
lack retinal disparity
person with sight in one eye
All human languages have several basic sounds in common called
phonemes
most typical
prototype
factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include
proximity and similarity
drawing pictures for therapy
psychoanalytic
these are less empirical
psychoanalytic theories
confronting clients with their faulty logic
rational-emotive therapy
goal is to correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives
rational-emotive therapy
hair cells
receptor cells for hearing found in the cochlea // transduction
simple spatial reasoning takes place here
right hemisphere
suggests prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems
scapegoat theory
influences balance
semicircular canals
bottom up processing
sensation
gustatory sense
sense of taste
predicts when we will detect weak signals
signal detection theory
difference not likely due to chance
significant difference
rules of grammar are rules of this
syntax
fundamental attribution error
tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people's behavior
where neurotransmitters are stored
terminal buttons
Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time // PITCH
outer ear
the outermost part of the ear, consisting of the PINNA and the external AUDITORY CANAL
parallel processing
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously // making sense of things
opponent process theory
the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision // work against each other
what is the general function of the bones in the middle eat
transfer sound info from the tympanic membrane to the oval window