AP Psych- Memory
Akila went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Akila made effective use of
Hierarchal organization
This is a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of your memory system
long-term memory
Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as
The spacing effect
Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?
Thinking about how to words relate to your own life
Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?
What you ate for breakfast this morning
As his teacher was lecturing, Tyler was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tyler's current thoughts being processed?
Working memory
In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'
Working memory
Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?
a conditioned fear of guns
Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is more likely to remember childhood memories of abusive parents, Valerie's experience best illustrates
mood congruent theory
During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates
proactive interference
Dr. Napleton prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in-the-blank questions to fully test their
recall
Although Jordan could not recall the exact words of a poem he had recently heard, he clearly remembered the meaning of the poem. This best illustrates the importance of
semantic encoding
Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of
semantic encoding
Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by
the body's release of stress hormones
After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates
the misinformation effect
At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates
the serial position effect
Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of
Semantic encoding
Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of
Semantic encoding
Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ____________ memory
Sensory
Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.
Sensory memory
Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.
7
During a test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line on a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
Automatic processing
A mnemonic device is a
Memory aid
The cerebellum is most directly involved in
motor learning
Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of
An acronym
What two parts of the brain are involved in implicit memory?
Cerebellum and basal ganglia
Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of
Chunking
Which psychologist is most strongly associated with research on false memories?
Elizabeth Loftus
Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of
Encoding
The process of getting information into memory is called
Encoding
The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.
Iconic
We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?
Parallel processing
Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?
Recall
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
Recall; recognition
Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?
Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled
Long-term potentiation refers to
an increase in a neuron's firing potential
You hear a familiar word in your native language and it is virtually impossible not to recognize the word's meaning. This best illustrates the importance of
automatic processing
Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that
both stress and emotion make events more memorable
Automatic processing occurs without
conscious awareness
The three steps in memory information processing are
encoding, storage, retrieval
Conscious memory of factual information is called _________ memory
explicit
A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.
implicit
Many people retain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This best illustrates ________ memory.
implicit
Which of the following best describes explicit memories?
include memory for general knowledge
Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests that
the system for creating explicit memory has been affected, not the implicit memory system
What best describes the primacy effect?
when people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of the sequence