AP Psych- Memory

Akila went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Akila made effective use of

Hierarchal organization

This is a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of your memory system

long-term memory

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

The spacing effect

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

Thinking about how to words relate to your own life

Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?

What you ate for breakfast this morning

As his teacher was lecturing, Tyler was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tyler's current thoughts being processed?

Working memory

In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'

Working memory

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?

a conditioned fear of guns

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is more likely to remember childhood memories of abusive parents, Valerie's experience best illustrates

mood congruent theory

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates

proactive interference

Dr. Napleton prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in-the-blank questions to fully test their

recall

Although Jordan could not recall the exact words of a poem he had recently heard, he clearly remembered the meaning of the poem. This best illustrates the importance of

semantic encoding

Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of

semantic encoding

Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by

the body's release of stress hormones

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates

the misinformation effect

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

the serial position effect

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of

Semantic encoding

Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of

Semantic encoding

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ____________ memory

Sensory

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Sensory memory

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

7

During a test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line on a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of

Automatic processing

A mnemonic device is a

Memory aid

The cerebellum is most directly involved in

motor learning

Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of

An acronym

What two parts of the brain are involved in implicit memory?

Cerebellum and basal ganglia

Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of

Chunking

Which psychologist is most strongly associated with research on false memories?

Elizabeth Loftus

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of

Encoding

The process of getting information into memory is called

Encoding

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.

Iconic

We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?

Parallel processing

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

Recall

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.

Recall; recognition

Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?

Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled

Long-term potentiation refers to

an increase in a neuron's firing potential

You hear a familiar word in your native language and it is virtually impossible not to recognize the word's meaning. This best illustrates the importance of

automatic processing

Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that

both stress and emotion make events more memorable

Automatic processing occurs without

conscious awareness

The three steps in memory information processing are

encoding, storage, retrieval

Conscious memory of factual information is called _________ memory

explicit

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

implicit

Many people retain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This best illustrates ________ memory.

implicit

Which of the following best describes explicit memories?

include memory for general knowledge

Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests that

the system for creating explicit memory has been affected, not the implicit memory system

What best describes the primacy effect?

when people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of the sequence