AP psych midterm
Auditory stimulation is first processed in the ________ lobes.
temporal
7 year old Mari helps her mom do the dishes while her 9 year old brother help their dad do yard work. The involvement of the children in helping activities directly illustrates the process of
Gender- role development
The claim that a whole is different than the sum of its part is central to which of the schools of thought?
Gestalt psychology
If the points on a scatterplot are clustered in a pattern that extends from the upper left to the lower right, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are:
Negatively correlated
What correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?
Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
A body builder friend suddenly seems to have grown several inches in height. You suspect that your friend's growth spurt has occurred because he has been using drugs that affect the....
Pituitary gland
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into:
The bloodstream
What would result from a injury to the medulla
A life threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
The gestalt principals that refers to an individuals tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called...
Closure
Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which drug
Cocaine
Schizophrenia is mostly linked with excess activity at receptor sites for the neurotransmitter....
Dopamine
What are operational definitions used for?
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristics of which of Jean Piagets stages of cognitive development?
Formal operations
Consistent in concept of neural plasticity. Neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a repeated stimulation by doing what?
Growing new dendrites spines
Timmy rolled over at 3 months, crawled at 6 months, and walked at 12 months. The order sequence of motor development was largely due to....
Maturation
Bright light inhabits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of ...
Melatonin
A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells are..
Mirror cells
Piagets is to cognitive as Kholberg is to
Moral
When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than more distant objects. THis cue for depth perception is called?
Motion parallax
What is hindsight bias?
People's tendency to exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events ( I knew it all along)
In a research method, what is a case study?
A single individual is studied in great detail.
How would you characterize a behavioral approach to psychology?
A study of how reinforcement affects learning
In Jean piagets theory of cognitive development. What best exemplifies the concept of accommodation?
An infant trying unsuccessfully to suck her fist then opens her mouth wider and is successful
Glands that secrete hormones to the body are part of what system?
Endocrine system
A child's sex is genetically determine by the
Father
The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?
Humanistic
Erick Erickson said that in late adulthood the individual reaches the 8th and final stage of the life spand in one reviews and evaluation of ones life and the choices one has made. Erick Erickson labeled this stage...
Integrity versus despair
What is the placebo affect?
It can be brought about by the individuals expectation
Which statement best describes the effects of alcohol on human functioning?
It depresses the central nervous system
A conscientious objector refuses to engage in combat because he cannot support the taking is human life. His reasoning best illustrates which stage in Kholberg's theory of moral development?
Post conventional
According to Kholberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents _______ morality
Preconventional
primary sex characteristics include what?
Presence of ovaries.
What does a cognitive psychologist study?
Problem-solving strategies in chess
The function of a dendrite is to....
Receive information from other neurons
Ben was walking and noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are related to...
The sympathetic nervous system
The occipital lobe of the human brain contain the centers for...
Vision
Evolutionary psychologist would be most likely to predict that men will marry women who are _______
Younger
Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called...
assimilation
Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be
authoritative
The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?
psychoanalytic
Cindy understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Cindy is clearly in Piaget's ____ stage
sensorimotor
Authoritarian parents demonstrate__________ levels of parental control and ________ levels of parental responsiveness.
High, low
After an electrode implanted in a cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do what?
Immediately withdrawal in fear
What is the factor that is manipulated by the investigator?
Independent variable
In adult humans which of the following is typically experienced during REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming
Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as
Naturalistic observation
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?
Right parietal lobe
as a result of being hypnotized, an individual may not feel the hypnotist touching her arm because of
Suggestibility
An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for.....
Survival
jeff always tells his children not to use bad language when something does not go the way they want. unfortunately, jeff uses bad language occasionally and his children have observed him do so. now jeffs children use bad language. this can be explained by..
social learning theory
Activation of parasympathetic nervous system results in what?
A decrease in heart rate
The central nervous system consist of
The brain and the spinal cord
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to..
Absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
If researchers wanted to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's what neurotransmitter would they focus on?
Acetylcholine
The depletion is which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
Acetylcholine
Failure to realize how very hot the bath water really is after you have been sitting in it for ten minutes best illustrates the process of sensory:
Adaptation
Ethical principles developed by the APA help ensure that human participants in psychological research ....
Are protected from physical and psychological harm
Psychologists characterize parent who consistently demand their children's compliance without discussion as
Authoritarian
Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with
Body contact
A critical perios is a phase during which...
Certain events have a particularly strong impact on development
Piagets is best known for his intrest in the process of ______ development
Cognitive
Which psychological theories would explain PTSD as being the result of irrational beliefs and ideas?
Cognitive
A standardized test must have....
Criteria for scoring, uniform instruction, reliability, and multiple-choice questions
Gibson and walk used a visual cliff with a glass- covered drop-off to examine behavior in crawling infants. Even when coaxed by their mom to crawl out onto the glass covering, most infants refused to do so , indicating that they had developed what?
Depth perception
A person with damage to the Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficultly with speech productions
In Mary Ainsworth's strange situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to...
Express happiness when the mother returned to the room
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
Extraversion, emotional instability, and risk of divorce
An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to
Fear dangerous animals, love their own children, and seek healthy looking mates.
People experience surging physical growth and sexual maturation during:
Puberty
What is the correct path of neural impulse followed through the different layers of the retina?
Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called?
Selective attention
A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of test reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings..= what diagnosis would account for such symptoms?
Sleep apnea
What describes the difference emotional dispositions of infants?
Temperament
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
Thalamus
Immediately after firing a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This is called
The absolute refractory phase
Which characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, disoriented images that are not based on sensory input
What is true about a neuron in the resting state?
The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside
Tinas words on her paper get smudged but she is still able to read the words, but she is still able to understand what tbeletter says. This can be explained by
Top- down processing
The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by
brain chemistry
The results of Harry Harlow's experiments with infant monkeys and surrogate mothers show that
contact comfort was the primary basis of attachment for the infant monkeys
The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called the
corpus callosum
The fact that imprinting is most certain to occur if the opportunity for imprinting is presented to the organism at a very specific age indicates the existence of
critical period
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
hallucinations
Negative afterimages are explained by...
opponent-process theory
