ap psych retake

A psychologist administered the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet IQ test to 50 students and their scores are shown in the chart above. How many students earned scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean?

2

Colleen received a score of 100 on an IQ test. The mean for the test is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. Assume the test had a normal distribution of scores. Colleen's score on the test was equal to or greater than the scores of what percent of people?

50

A test examining the level of sensation-seeking has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

Mathematics achievement scores from a group of tenth graders are shown above. The distribution is normal with a standard deviation of 10. Approximately what percentage of students scored between 50 and 80?

82%

A large group takes a standardized test and the scores produce a normal distribution. The mean score is 50 with a standard deviation of 8. Mary's score is 59. Approximately what percentage of students achieved a lower score than Mary?

84%

Which of the following research methods was used in the university study?

A correlational study

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on an aptitude test, the higher the student's college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?

A positive correlation

Dr. Ivey is researching using stimulants to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To minimize experimenter bias, Dr. Ivey should use which of the following research designs?

Double-blind procedure

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony's behavior?

His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

A common criticism of some psychological perspectives, like the psychodynamic perspective, is that the theories supporting it are not falsifiable. Which of the following accurately describes what makes a theory falsifiable?

Its findings are consistent with established theories.

Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design?

Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year

A school's activities committee is planning the best way to persuade their classmates to vote in the next election. Which of the following research designs will best help measure student opinions about voting?

a survey

Dr. Barak's research focuses on how neurochemical makeup affects cognition, behavior, and emotion. Dr. Barak's approach is most likely

biological

A person displays behaviors of a psychological disorder that psychologists in the United States have not seen before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is to conduct which of the following?

case study

Sarah is seeing a psychologist to assess her happiness in the workplace. The psychologist asks her questions about her life before taking the job and also has her take several personality assessments. This type of research that focuses on in-depth analysis of an individual exemplifies which of the following methods?

case study

In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the

dependent variable

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

In a research study on the multi-store method of memory, one group of randomly assigned high school students were given 5 minutes to rehearse details about a stimulus after being exposed to it for 15 seconds. A second group were not given time to rehearse the details of the stimulus. Which of the following research designs best represents this study?

experiment

A research team wanted to measure how smart Chris was. The researchers measured how many math questions Chris got correct on his final exam. This measurement constituted which of the following?

operational definition

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

psychodynamic

A researcher studying stress wants to be sure that income levels do not affect the results of the research. Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments?

random assignment

Of the following, an evolutionary psychologist will most likely investigate the

reason why many people have an innate fear of the dark

Humanists would most likely criticize behaviorists on the grounds that behaviorism

rejects free will and focuses solely on observable experiences

Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of

sampling bias

Dr. Walsh gathers data on the number of teratogens pregnant women were exposed to in a large city and the number of weeks at which their babies were delivered. The correlation between the two measures obtained in this study would be graphically represented as which of the following?

scatter plot

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

scored higher than 75% of the test takers

Dr. Wundt gave his students an exam on the functions of different parts of the brain, and the average score was an 85. However, when Dr. Wundt calculated the standard deviation, it was a value of 35.2. This concerns Dr. Wundt because he knows that standard deviation is a measure of how much

scores in a group differ from the mean of that group

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study which of the following?

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought?

Gestalt Psychology

Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?

Dr. Kennedy observed that if people expected a treatment to work, it would, even if the patient received a fake treatment.

Dr. Nelson believes that the symptoms of Nellie's schizophrenia stem from childhood trauma. However, Dr. Khan believes that excess dopamine is causing many of Nellie's symptoms. Which of the following psychological perspectives is each doctor using to explain Nellie's symptoms?

Dr. Nelson is using a psychodynamic perspective, while Dr. Khan is using a biological perspective.

In a normal distribution of scores on assessments like those for intelligence, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?

It contains the middle 68% of the distribution.

Which of the following best explains why the research method in the scenario was chosen?

It is unethical to intentionally cause stress to people that might result in illness, and thus surveys and questionnaires are more ethical.

A researcher is interested in studying how likely people are to break laws when they are in large crowds. They believe using a naturalistic observation would be the best approach to studying this behavior. Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation?

It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.

Since 1938, researchers have examined the lives of 268 male college graduates to learn more about the secret of living a good life. Every two years participants complete questionnaires concerning many aspects of their lives, including their current physical and mental health. Which of the following methods is being used by these researchers?

Longitudinal study

Ms. Ritter is a high school math teacher. She believes that some people are born good at math and others are not. At the beginning of the new school term, she was informed that her incoming class had poor performance on prior standardized tests. Which of the following is a likely outcome for Ms. Ritter and the upcoming school year?

Ms. Ritter will likely see her students' poor test results during the school year as confirmation of her beliefs that math abilities are fixed.

Because of studies in the past that exposed participants to danger without their knowledge, which of the following was added to the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines?

Research may not involve deception unless participants are debriefed.

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their home environment earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias in the home environment improves grades. Which of the following explains why the researcher has reached an erroneous conclusion?

She inferred causation from correlation.

Charlie believes anorexia nervosa is the direct result of the emphasis put on thinness in movies, television, and advertisements. Which of the following approaches is most consistent with Charlie's viewpoint?

Sociocultural

The next questions relate to this information: A study was conducted with first-year students in a high-stress honors program at a university. At the beginning of the semester, two hundred students in the program were selected at random and asked to complete two surveys. The first survey measured their stress levels related to school, and the second was a health questionnaire measuring recent illnesses. Participants again completed both surveys during exam week at the end of the semester. The study's results showed that as school-related stress levels increased, the number of illnesses also increased. The researchers concluded that school stress causes students to experience more illness. If the researchers graphed the results of the stress survey, which of the following statements would be the best prediction about the distribution of scores?

The distribution of scores would likely be skewed toward high stress.

A psychologist looking at a graph of IQ scores around the world notices that the data form a normal distribution. Which of the following statements describes the mean, median, and mode of a test whose scores are normally distributed?

The mean, the median, and the mode will be the same value.

A researcher wants to examine how gender identity relates to how happy people are. Which of the following best describes the reasons why operational definitions are used for research?

They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.

According to psychodynamic theory, the bases for the development of mental disorders are which of the following?

Unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety

Dr. Grayson is interested in studying the relationship between eating disorders and mood. To conduct the study, Dr. Grayson analyzes the results of several previous studies on eating disorders and emotional state. Which research strategy is Dr. Grayson using?

meta-analysis

Ms. Clay's students surveyed the graduating seniors in their school to see what their post-high schools plans were. They wanted to see if their post-high school plans correlated with how many possible selves the seniors could generate for themselves. They entered the data about post-high school plans into a graph. Which of the following measures of the post-high school plans data can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?

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