AP Psych Review Multiple Choice Questions

Eighteen-month-old Becca is in the telegraphic speech phase. Which of the following best represents something she might say?

"Katie fall"

. Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve shows that a. most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off. b. we forget more rapidly as time passes. c. forgetting is relatively constant over time. d. forgetting is related to many factors, but time is not one of them. e. we are more likely to forget items in the middle of a list than at the beginning or the end.

A

. The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information a. semantically. b. iconically. c. implicitly. d. shallowly. e. automatically

A

. When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle? a. Chunking b. The serial position effect c. Semantic encoding d. Auditory encoding e. Recognition

A

According to Noam Chomsky, language acquisition occurs most especially because of a. exposure to language in early childhood. b. instruction in grammar. c. reinforcement for babbling and other early verbal behaviors. d. imitation and drill. e. linguistic determinism.

A

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is best described as follows: a. It's easier to recognize than to recall information. b. Constructed memories have the potential to be either accurate or inaccurate. c. These synaptic changes allow for more efficient transfer of information. d. Implicit memories are processed by the cerebellum instead of by the hippocampus. e. Information is transferred from working memory to long-term memory.

A

Scott gets soaked in the rainstorm because he does not think of using his backpack to shield himself from the rain. Which barrier to problem solving is evidenced here? a. Fixation b. Insight c. Representativeness d. Confirmation bias e. Availability

A

Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic? a. Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerd b. Fearing air travel because of memories of seeing plane crashes in the news c. Checking in every drawer to find some matches because matches are usually in drawers d. Having the solution to a word problem pop into your head because you have just successfully solved a similar problem e. Applying for jobs in several local grocery stores because your best friend just got a job in a grocery store

A

Which of the following illustrates a heuristic? a. Calculating the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length times the width b. Using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs c. Looking in each room of your home to find your sleeping cat d. Following a new recipe to bake a cake for your friend e. Trying every key on your mom's key ring until you find the one that unlocks the seldom-used storeroom in the basement

A

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

Availability heuristic

Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language? a. How thinking determines language b. How language determines thinking c. The role of the language acquisition device d. The importance of critical periods in language development e. The development of language in nonhuman animals

B

Which of the following is an example of source amnesia? a. Iva can't remember the details of a horrifying event because she has repressed them. b. Mary has entirely forgotten about an incident in grade school until her friend reminds her of the event. c. Michael can't remember this year's locker combination because he confuses it with last year's combination. d. Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened. e. Anna, who is trying to lose weight, is unable to remember several of the between-meal snacks she had yesterday.

B

. Miller's "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to a. the ideal number of times to rehearse information in the first encoding session. b. the number of seconds information stays in short-term memory without rehearsal. c. the capacity of short-term memory. d. the number of seconds information stays in echoic storage. e. the number of years most long-term memories last.

C

Carl damaged his cerebellum in a car accident. As a result, he would have the most trouble remembering a. his new physician's name. b. the time of his next doctor appointment. c. how to ride his therapy bike. d. his new license plate number. e. the things his wife has asked him to get at the grocery store.

C

Mave got a new car with the license plate "MAVNUM1." She is asked by the school parking clerk what her number is but can only remember her old one, "VANMOM1." Her inability to remember her new plate is most likely due to a. retroactive interference. b. mood congruency. c. proactive interference. d. anterograde amnesia. e. retrograde amnesia.

C

You are more likely to remember happy memories when you are presently happy than when you are sad due to a. mood congruence. b. context effects. c. state-dependency. d. proactive interference. e. retroactive interference

C

The idea that language develops because of an inborn tendency to learn the grammar rules of language was proposed by

Chomsky

. A phoneme, such as the "c" in cows, is best described as a a. unit of meaning in a language. b. form of syntax. c. stage of language development. d. unit of sound in a language. e. form of telegraphic speech.

D

People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern? a. Belief perseverance b. Insight c. Intuition d. Framing e. Confirmation bias

D

Research on the role of the amygdala in memory has found that a. the amygdala help process memories of happy experiences. b. the amygdala support Freud's ideas about memory because they allow us to repress memories of trauma. c. the amygdala produce long-term potentiation in the brain. d. the amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses. e. the amygdala are active when the retrieval of a long-term memory is primed.

D

Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of creativity? a. A venturesome personality b. Imaginative thinking skills c. A creative environment d. Incubation e. Intrinsic motivation

D

Alice significantly underestimated how long it would take to write her term paper because of a. belief perseverance. b. framing. c. intuition. d. the availability heuristic. e. overconfidence.

E

By waiting until the last minute to study for an exam, you are using an unrecommended strategy called a. imagery. b. semantic memory. c. distributed practice. d. chunking. e. massed practice

E

When asked to think of a "desk," many students think of the desks in their classroom rather than a large desk used by an executive. This illustrates that their school desks have formed their ________ of a desk. a. phoneme b. heuristic c. concept d. telegraphic utterance e. prototype

E

Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect? a. The only name Kensie remembers from the people she met at the party is Spencer, because she thought he was particularly good looking. b. Kimia has trouble remembering information from the book's first unit when she reviews for semester finals. c. It's easy for Brittney to remember that carbon's atomic number is 6 because her birthday is on December 6. d. Kyle was not able to remember the names of all of his new coworkers after one week on the job, but he could remember them after two weeks. e. Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list.

E

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory? a. What time you had lunch yesterday b. The details of an assignment that is due tomorrow c. Vividly recalling significant events, such as the death of a famous person. d. The names of all U.S. state capitals e. Recognizing names and pictures of your classmates many years after they have graduated

E

Which of the following statements concerning memory is true? a. Hypnosis, when used as a component of therapy, usually improves the accuracy of memory. b. One aspect of memory that is usually accurate is the source of the remembered information. c. Children's memories of abuse are more accurate than other childhood memories. d. Memories we are more certain of are more likely to be accurate. e. Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information.

E

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad's teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

Encoding failure

Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same informationis presented in a more desirable way?

Framing

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia? a. Halle has no memories of the first 10 years of her life .b. William has lost his memory of the 2 weeks before he had surgery to remove a benign brain tumor. c. Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long-term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago. d. Maddie can't remember the details of when she was mugged downtown 6 months ago. e. Kalund struggles in school because he consistently misremembers what his teachers said in class.

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long-term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

The prefix "pre" in "preview" or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of

Morphemes

In the word "prepare," each "r" can be considered a

Phoneme

Suzanne

Proactive Interference

The text discusses therapist-guided "recovered" memories. Which of the following statements represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

Since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 4 ,memories from the first 4, years of life are not reliable.

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

The rate of forgetting decreases as time goes on.

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

algorithm

Thom still believes that the congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is now experiencing

belief perseverance.

Which of the following is the best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing?

cognition

Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being affected by intuition.

confirmation bias.

Which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

convergent thinking

Producing valuable and novel ideas best ideas best defines which of the following?

creativity

Your teachers asks how many uses you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your concept.

divergent thinking.

Injury to the left ________ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on intelligence tests.

parietal

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case a robin is people's _________ for a bird.

prototype