AP Psych Test Chapter 3 & 4

Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following?

A larger area of the sensory cortex is associated with our lips

sara's grandfather has developed Alzheimer's disease. What can you tell her about probable changes in his brain chemistry?

ACH is dying/lacking

The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is

An association area

After a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way to various locations in his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his

Association areas

A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of

Brain plasticity

If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of

Brain plasticity

The reticular formation is located in the

Brainstem

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is

Brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex

The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.

Breathing; walking

Grandma Mary had a stroke which impaired her ability to speak fluently although she can move all the necessary muscles. What is the most likely location of her brain damage?

Broca's area

Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?

Cerebellum

The association areas are located in the

Cerebral cortex

The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the

Cerebral cortex

Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.

Corpus callosum

Animal research has revealed a general reward system that triggers the release of the neurotransmitter

Dopamine

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream.

Epinephrine

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?

Frontal Lobes

Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from

Glial cells

Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?

Hippocampus

Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the

Hypothalamus

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

Hypothalamus

The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the

Hypothalamus

Thinking about sex (in your brains cerebral cortex) can stimulate a region of the limbic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands in the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called

Lateralization

In 1861, Paul Broca studied a stroke patient he called "Tan." He was called this because as a result of brain damage it was the only word he could pronounce. Based on Broca's early work, which of the following brain regions is involved in speech production?

Left frontal lobe

If Professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become

Less aggressive

Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the

Limbic system

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)

MRI

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

Medulla

walking down the concourse Bob slips on juice someone dropped. While falling backwards bob lands on a metal thermos entering the back of his brain. Breathing and heartbeat stopped almost immediately. Where is the thermos?

Medulla

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the

Motor cortex

Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in

Movement of the mouth and lips

People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple

Neural networks

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of

Neural networks

A PET scan of a patient looking at a photograph of a painting would most likely indicate high levels of activity in which brain structure?

Occipital lobes

Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo?

Occipital lobes

The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)

PET scan

Which endocrine gland regulates body growth?

Pituitary

The master gland of the endocrine system is the

Pituitary gland

When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful high school student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of

Plasticity

Which of the following structures in the brainstem help coordinate movements and lies above the medulla?

Pons

Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Deaf people who use sign language typically

Process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.

French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the

Right hemisphere of her brain was damaged

Damage to his left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to

Speak fluently

When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.

Sympathetic

When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?

Sympathetic

Your ability to experience physical sensations is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

Thalamus

Mandy came home late. As she reached to turn on the kitchen light, her hand brushed against something unexpected. Her adrenal glands, as a part of the "fight-or-flight" response, released epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increased her heart rate and blood pressure. Even after she realized it was just the curtain, her excited feelings lingered. This example illustrates

That endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages

Which of the following describes evidence for the brain's dual-processing ability?

The brainstem keeps our heart beating while the cerebral cortex maintains awareness of the outside world

The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of

Touch

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

Verbally report that she saw a boy

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

Visual perception

after Martin's car accident he had difficulty understanding what others were saying to him. He could speak but what he said made little sense where is Martin's brain damage?

aphasia

On Justin's 21st birthday he and his buddies celebrated a bit too much. When the police stopped his car Justin's speech was slurred, he couldn't walk a straight line or balance on 1 foot. He nearly missed his face all together when asked to touch his nose while his eyes were closed. The impaired functioning of what part of Justin's brain is responsible for these difficulties with motor coordination and balance?

cerebellum

Gwen's brain has a congenital anomaly (A difference in brain anatomy that she was born with) it lacks the main connection between the right and left hemispheres. What was Gwen born without?

corpus callosum

Philip is hooked on cocaine. What neurotransmitter seems most closely related to the pleasure such drugs produce and their addictive qualities?

dopamine receptors

Jeff suffered serious injuries when his car crashed but he was still able to crawl out of the car and pull his sister out as well. Name one of the transmitters that helped him function in this situation and tell how.

endorphins

Leon's car was broadsided Buy a truck causing Leon's head to smash against the drivers side window damaging his temporal lobe. What ability may be affected?

hearing and language

Paul suffered from encephalitis (a brain infection) while in college. He received good medical attention but still the infection took its toll on certain parts of his brain, so that now Paul cannot store new long-term memories. What part of the brain did encephalitis damage?

hippocampus

Jeanette suffers from focal epilepsy (seizures localized in just one part of the brain). Her seizures are triggering extreme emotions-most often extreme fear followed by a rage response. What part of the brain is being affected?

hypothalamus

Uncle Ed suffered a stroke which damaged a portion of his cortex. He shows some weakness and partial paralysis of his right leg. What area of his cortex was affected by the stroke?

left motor cortex

You're taking a shortcut through a backyard to get to your car and encounter to unrestrained Dobermans who begin pursuit. you run faster than you have ever run before, and dive into your car just in the nick of time. It takes 10 minutes for your pulse and breathing to slow down to normal. what part of the nervous system slow heart rate and breathing down to normal afterwards?

parasympathetic nervous system

Yoda was extremely short for his age. His doctor is concluded his brain was not stimulating the proper release of hormones necessary for growth. What area of the brain are they probably focusing on?

pituitary gland

After falling through the ice on a local pond little Johnny was trapped under the icy water for 10 minutes before the rescuers got him out. They were able to resuscitate his pulse and breathing but he did not regain consciousness for days. Disturbance of what specific part of Johnny's brain might have resulted in an inability of the brain to regulate normal alertness?

pons

Dana is taking Prozac to help control her depression. Prozac works by increasing the availability of what neurotransmitter?

serotonin

Margie suffered damage to part of the surface of her brain after being struck by a golf club let loose by an irate golfer that had just sliced a key drive. As a result Margie has loss some sensory awareness of her left leg. Where is Margie's brain damage?

somatosensory cortex

you are in a parking lot at 2 AM when a guy in a hockey mask holding a long bladed knife jumps out at you. what system of nerves would arouse your body to action?

sympathetic nervous system

Amy was having a really bad week. On Monday her vision got blurrier and blurrier until she could no longer see at all. On Tuesday she found she couldn't hear. On Wednesday her sense of taste went. On Thursday she lost her sense of touch. Her CAT scan revealed a single brain tumor was probably producing of all these deficits. What single part of the brain in involved in all of these sensory processes?

thalamus

Pete was struck by lightning when he insisted on finishing his 18 holes of golf despite the lightening packed thunderstorm. He was looking; lining up a long putt shot and the bolt of lightening struck the rear of his head, frying his occipital lobes. What aspect of behavior is likely to be impaired if Pete survives?

vision