AP Psych Unit 6 Learning Review

Extrinsic

Motivation to perform a behavior in order to obtain a reward or avoid punishment

High score on an exam for which a student studied diligently

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a ______.

Observational learning

Which of the following is the best synonym for social learning?

Observational learning

Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment is most closely associated with which of the following?

Respondant

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus

Operant

Behavior that produces reinforcing or punishing stimuli

Anticipates Events

Classical Conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and _____.

Cognitive Maps

Elephants appear to have the capacity to remember large-scale spaces over long periods. Which of the following best identifies this capacity?

Taste aversion

Form of classical conditioning in which a food comes to be avoided

Naturally triggers a response

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus _____.

Acquisition

Initial stage of conditioning, in which a new response is established

Conditioned response

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Observational learning

Learning that involves watching and imitating others

Latent

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement but only becomes apparent when an incentive is introduced

Counterconditioning

Method of overcoming fears by pairing a pleasing stimulus with a feared one

Systematic desensitization

Method that involves relaxation and gradual exposure to a feared stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

Originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Discrimination

Pattie is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the lights. When Randy claps in approval of Pattie's presentation, Charlie does not turn off the light. What concept has Charlie demonstrated?

Punishment

Presentation of an aversive stimulus, which decreases the behavior it follows

Shaping

Procedure that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior

Negative

Reinforcer that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response

Learning

Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Discrimination

Responding differently to stimuli that signal whether a behavior will be reinforced.

Spontaneous recovery

Revival of an extinguished response

Fixed Interval

Schedule in which the first response following a set period of time is reinforced

Unconditioned Stimulus

Stimulus that automatically triggers an unconditioned response

Primary reinforcer

Stimulus that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs

Generalization

Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did the bell. What principle does this illustrate?

The accidental timing of awards

Superstitious behavior can be produced by ______.

Generalization

Tendency for stimuli similar to the original CS to evoke a CR

Associates events

The basic behind classical conditioning is that the organism_______.

Internal Locus of Control

The perception that we control our own fate is also called what?

The risk of misremembering our our actions

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously experience something we observe?

Modeling

The process of watching and imitating a behavior

Operant conditioning

The type of learning associated with Skinner is_____.

Behaviorism

The work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson fits best into which of psychology's perspective

Law of Effect

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences became more likely is known as what?

Prosocial

Type of behavior that is positive and helpful

Classical

Type of learning also called Pavlovian conditioning

Partial (Intermittent)

Type of reinforcement in which responding is intermittently reinforced

Unconditioned

Type of stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response

Unconditioned response

Unlearned, involuntary response

Extrinsic Motivation

What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment?

Respondent behavior

What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?

Extinction

What do we call it when the the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone? Occurs when a response is no longer reinforced

Operant Conditioning

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer?

Self-control

Which ability is a good predictor of good adjustment, better grades, and social success?

Something that elicts a response after association with a reinforcer.

Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus?

Learning

Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?

Modeling

Which of the following processes is the best term for explaining how we learn languages?