ap psych unit 6 review questions

spontaneous recovery

A dog is trained to salivate when it hears a tone. The then tone is sounded repeatedly without the US until the dog stops salivating. Later when the tone sounds again, the dog salivates again. This is a description of

negative reinforcement

A student studies long and hard to avoid the bad feelings associated with a low grade on a test. In this case, the studying behavior is being strengthened because of

insight

A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly, the solution came to her. Her experience can be best described as what?

c

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except: a. rat's food reward in a Skinner box. b. cold drink on a hot day. c. high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently. d. hug from a loved one. e. large meal following an extended time without food.

observational learning

Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment is most closely associated with which of the following?

behaviorism

Classical and operant conditioning were both initially based on the principles of

that rewarded behavior is more likely to happen again

Edward Thorndick's law of effect states

cognitive maps

Elephants appear to have the capacity to remember large-scale spaces over long periods. Which of the following best identifies this capacity?

Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, but operant conditioning involves voluntary responses.In classical conditioning, the learner associates two events (a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus). In operant conditioning, the learner associates a behavior with a consequence.

Explain two differences between classical and operant conditioning

Cognition plays an important role in operant conditioning

Latent Learning demonstrates that

fixed interval

Mary checks her phone a couples times an hour for incoming text messages. Her behavior is being maintained on a ______________ reinforcement schedule

The importance of cognitive factors in classical conditioning

Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner conducted experiments that established

accidental timing of rewards

Superstitious behavior can be produced by

There a biological dispositions involved in learning

Taste aversion research has demonstrated that

associates events

The basic idea behind classical conditioning is that the organism

internal locus of control

The perception that we control our own fate is also called what?

observational learning

Which of the following is the best synonym for social learning?

law of effect

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely is known as what?

discriminative stimulus

To determine just what an organism can learn to distinguish, you would use

Pair a neural stimulus with an unconditional stimulus several times

To produce the acquisition of a conditioned response, one should

extrinsic motivation

What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment?

respondent behavior

What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?

extinction

What do we call it when the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone?

spontaneous recovery

What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response?

When the model acts in a way consistent with the prosocial lesson

When is prosocial modeling most effective?

self-control

Which ability is a good predictor of good adjustment, better grades, and social success?

The risk of misremembering our own actions

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously experience something we observe?

modeling

Which of the following processes is the best term for explaining how we learn languages?

punishment can be effective at stopping specific behaviors quickly

what accurately describes an impact of punishment

something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer

what best describes a discriminative stimulus

children are more likely to imitate the behavior of adults

what did albert bandura's bobo doll experiments demonstrate

operant conditioning

what do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer

a mother who wants her daughter to hit a baseball first praises her for holding a bat, then for swinging it, and then for hitting the ball

what is an application of shaping

rabbit is conditioned to blink to a tone also blinks at similar tone

what is an example of generalization

to be the mechanism by which the brain accomplishes observational learning

what is one principal function of mirror neurons