ap psych unit 6 review questions
spontaneous recovery
A dog is trained to salivate when it hears a tone. The then tone is sounded repeatedly without the US until the dog stops salivating. Later when the tone sounds again, the dog salivates again. This is a description of
negative reinforcement
A student studies long and hard to avoid the bad feelings associated with a low grade on a test. In this case, the studying behavior is being strengthened because of
insight
A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly, the solution came to her. Her experience can be best described as what?
c
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except: a. rat's food reward in a Skinner box. b. cold drink on a hot day. c. high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently. d. hug from a loved one. e. large meal following an extended time without food.
observational learning
Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment is most closely associated with which of the following?
behaviorism
Classical and operant conditioning were both initially based on the principles of
that rewarded behavior is more likely to happen again
Edward Thorndick's law of effect states
cognitive maps
Elephants appear to have the capacity to remember large-scale spaces over long periods. Which of the following best identifies this capacity?
Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, but operant conditioning involves voluntary responses.In classical conditioning, the learner associates two events (a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus). In operant conditioning, the learner associates a behavior with a consequence.
Explain two differences between classical and operant conditioning
Cognition plays an important role in operant conditioning
Latent Learning demonstrates that
fixed interval
Mary checks her phone a couples times an hour for incoming text messages. Her behavior is being maintained on a ______________ reinforcement schedule
The importance of cognitive factors in classical conditioning
Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner conducted experiments that established
accidental timing of rewards
Superstitious behavior can be produced by
There a biological dispositions involved in learning
Taste aversion research has demonstrated that
associates events
The basic idea behind classical conditioning is that the organism
internal locus of control
The perception that we control our own fate is also called what?
observational learning
Which of the following is the best synonym for social learning?
law of effect
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely is known as what?
discriminative stimulus
To determine just what an organism can learn to distinguish, you would use
Pair a neural stimulus with an unconditional stimulus several times
To produce the acquisition of a conditioned response, one should
extrinsic motivation
What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment?
respondent behavior
What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
extinction
What do we call it when the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone?
spontaneous recovery
What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response?
When the model acts in a way consistent with the prosocial lesson
When is prosocial modeling most effective?
self-control
Which ability is a good predictor of good adjustment, better grades, and social success?
The risk of misremembering our own actions
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously experience something we observe?
modeling
Which of the following processes is the best term for explaining how we learn languages?
punishment can be effective at stopping specific behaviors quickly
what accurately describes an impact of punishment
something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer
what best describes a discriminative stimulus
children are more likely to imitate the behavior of adults
what did albert bandura's bobo doll experiments demonstrate
operant conditioning
what do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer
a mother who wants her daughter to hit a baseball first praises her for holding a bat, then for swinging it, and then for hitting the ball
what is an application of shaping
rabbit is conditioned to blink to a tone also blinks at similar tone
what is an example of generalization
to be the mechanism by which the brain accomplishes observational learning
what is one principal function of mirror neurons
