AP Psychology 2016 exam
65. In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E
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100. Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders? (A) Antisocial personality (B) Schizoid personality (C) Dissociative identity (D) Conversion (E) Bipolar
A
45. Which of the following is the strongest correlation? (A) -.90 (B) -.23 (C) .40 (D) .67 (E) .72
A
62. Which of the following findings about emotions is well supported by research? (A) There are several universal emotions. (B) Anger is a cognitive state with no physiological correlates. (C) The polygraph is highly effective at detecting lies. (D) Emotional intelligence is highly correlated with Type A personality. (E) The cerebellum is the origin of most emotional experience in the brain.
A
69. In the morning, Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed the image above and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? (A) Priming (B) Habituation (C) Conditioned response (D) Stimulus generalization (E) Discrimination
A
90. An item on a psychological test asks whether the test taker believes radio news stations are delivering special messages to the test taker that others cannot detect. Jason takes the test and answers yes to this question, because he recently detected messages to him embedded in a radio broadcast. Jason appears to be experiencing (A) delusions of reference (B) catatonia (C) visual hallucinations (D) anxiety (E) flat affect
A
91. Research on a critical period during the acquisition of second languages indicates that which of the following statements is true? (A) The older an individual is, the more difficulty he or she will have with second-language pronunciation. (B) Children have a more difficult time than adults understanding the grammar of the second language. (C) Articulation of difficult sounds in the second language is easier for adults than for children. (D) Adults acquiring a second language typically speak with less of an accent than children acquiring the same second language. (E) For adults, acquiring a second language is as easy as it was for them to learn their native language.
A
20. Gabby uses a coin to tighten a screw on a faucet handle. This action shows that Gabby has overcome (A) belief perseverance (B) functional fixedness (C) the anchoring effect (D) the framing effect (E) the availability heuristic
B
50. Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty? (A) Her rods are functioning improperly and are not sensing color. (B) Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light. (C) Light adaptation prevents sensation of color. (D) Lateral antagonism inhibits color sensation. (E) Her optic chiasm is not correctly transferring color neural impulses.
B
52. A rat always completes a maze successfully but is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules? (A) Fixed-interval (B) Fixed-ratio (C) Variable-ratio (D) Variable-interval (E) Continuous
B
55. In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions? (A) Schizophrenia (B) Epilepsy (C) Narcolepsy (D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (E) Major depressive disorder
B
6. A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties? (A) Validity (B) Reliability (C) Standardization (D) Statistical significance (E) Utility
B
12. Incentive theories of motivation explain the desire of people to achieve goals in terms of (A) maintenance of physiological equilibrium (B) internal states of tension that need to be resolved (C) external stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior (D) tendencies that strike a balance between biological and social needs (E) resolution of cognitive dissonance
C
13. In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates (A) positive transfer (B) repression (C) proactive interference (D) retroactive interference (E) misattribution
C
14. Of the following, an evolutionary psychologist will most likely investigate the (A) age of children when they speak their first words (B) speed of an action potential (C) reason why many people have an innate fear of the dark (D) factors that make a person feel accepted by others (E) features of a car that make it easier for a person to operate
C
15. The first time four-year-old Savannah attempted to make her bed, her father praised her for covering the pillow with a blanket. After a few times, her father began praising Savannah for covering the pillow and tucking in the corners of the sheet. Finally, Savannah's father praised her when she covered the pillow, tucked in the corners of the sheet, and smoothed the blanket. The process described in this scenario is known as (A) negative reinforcement (B) spontaneous recovery (C) shaping (D) latent learning (E) implicit learning
C
21. According to Sigmund Freud, the personality structure that reflects moral values is called the (A) id (B) ego (C) superego (D) self (E) collective unconscious
C
79. Karen had been working overtime to complete a project so that she could go skiing at the end of the month. On the day of her trip, Karen got sick with the flu and had to cancel. Stress hormones had most likely affected her immune system by (A) hardening her arteries (B) causing the hippocampus to shrink (C) suppressing white blood cells called T lymphocytes (D) diverting too much blood to the heart and thereby overloading the system (E) increasing melatonin release into the bloodstream
C
8. When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma's performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie's due to differences in (A) retrograde amnesia (B) selective attention (C) levels of processing (D) source monitoring (E) clustering
C
84. A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who (A) display financial resources (B) have high social status (C) appear fertile (D) are taller than average (E) are highly educated
C
98. What field of psychology is most appropriate to analyze the efficiency of businesses in their hiring, basic training, and management leadership skills training? (A) Clinical (B) Quantitative (C) Industrial/organizational (D) Educational (E) Comparative
C
89. The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are two popular forms of which of the following types of tests? (A) Objective (B) Neurological (C) Aptitude (D) Projective (E) Intelligence
D
92. Memories of well-learned skills, such as riding a bicycle, are classified as (A) iconic (B) semantic (C) echoic (D) procedural (E) declarative
D
93. José's doctor has prescribed antipsychotic medication for him. José is most likely to be diagnosed as having which of the following disorders? (A) Obsessive-compulsive (B) Generalized anxiety (C) Somatic symptom (D) Schizophrenia (E) Specific phobia
D
94. Which of the following is the most common symptom of dementia? (A) Dissociation (B) Delusions (C) Compulsions (D) Deterioration in memory (E) Preoccupation with having multiple medical issues
D
1. Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments? (A) Descriptive statistics (B) Inferential statistics (C) Meta-analysis (D) An algorithm (E) Random assignment
E
2. Thomas gained a lot of weight because he was eating too many sweets. A psychologist suggested to Thomas that he pair the pleasant taste of sweets with the taste of something he finds unpleasant. So, Thomas put broccoli, which he hates, in his ice cream, cake, and pie. He now feels nauseated at the sight of dessert and avoids eating it. This technique is known as (A) flooding (B) a token economy (C) client-centered therapy (D) systematic desensitization (E) aversion therapy
E
22. Gustav was out for his daily walk when he was approached by a thief who demanded his wallet. He immediately felt an increase in his breathing and heart rate. Which of the following accurately describes Gustav's physiological response? (A) Primacy effect (B) Avoidance-avoidance conflict (C) Approach-avoidance conflict (D) Parasympathetic response (E) Alarm reaction
E
23. Kelly, a first-year student at a local university, is surprised at how easily she can locate the building and classroom for each of her classes on the first day of school. Kelly attributes her success to the campus tour she took the previous spring. Which of the following concepts best supports Kelly's belief? (A) Modeling (B) Spontaneous recovery (C) Classical conditioning (D) Stimulus generalization (E) Latent learning
E
27. Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin's behavior illustrates (A) rationalization (B) projection (C) reaction formation (D) regression (E) displacement
E
3. Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction? (A) Adrenaline level (B) Glucose level (C) Respiration rate (D) Heart rate (E) Digestion
E
31. Which of the following provides an effective explanation for the data above? (A) Operant conditioning (B) Classical conditioning (C) Prepared conditioning (D) Self-actualization (E) Observational learning With Chart
E
37. When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste? (A) Vestibular sense (B) Just-noticeable difference (C) Feature analysis (D) Optic chiasm (E) Sensory interaction
E
67. Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires (A) perceptual constancy (B) feature detection (C) sensory adaptation (D) blindsight (E) selective attention
E
17. Systematic desensitization is most likely to be used in the treatment of which of the following? (A) Specific phobia disorder (B) Major depressive disorder (C) Bipolar disorder (D) Schizophrenia (E) Antisocial personality disorder
A
19. Modern research on Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development indicates that (A) Piaget underestimated children's abilities (B) Piaget overestimated children's abilities (C) Piaget accurately reported children's abilities (D) the order of Piaget's stages is correct for boys only (E) the order of Piaget's stages is correct for girls only
A
28. A young child says, "Where did you goed?" Which of the following psychologists would most likely argue that the child is overregularizing a logical grammatical rule? (A) Noam Chomsky (B) Lev Vygotsky (C) Ivan Pavlov (D) Albert Bandura (E) Edward Thorndike
A
30. Dr. Grayson is interested in studying the relationship between weight loss and mood. To conduct the study, Dr. Grayson analyzes the results of several previous studies on weight loss and emotional state. Which research strategy is Dr. Grayson using? (A) Meta-analysis (B) Naturalistic observation (C) An experiment (D) A survey (E) A case study
A
33. Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity? (A) Cocaine (B) Alcohol (C) Morphine (D) A barbiturate (E) Heroin
A
36. Maria was never afraid of spiders until a spider bit her when she was eight. Today, even the sight of a plastic spider upsets her. Which of the following learning processes best explains Maria's fear of spiders? (A) Classical conditioning (B) Operant conditioning (C) Discrimination (D) Observational learning (E) Scaffolding
A
38. Which of the following assertions is best supported by empirical evidence? (A) The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to process different types of cognitive tasks. (B) Schools should be reformed to better teach skills that are processed in the right hemisphere. (C) Human brains are fully formed at birth. (D) Some people are right-brained, while others are left-brained. (E) People only use 10% of their brains.
A
53. During the past few years, Lester has experienced several episodes of devastating sadness, weight loss, feelings of worthlessness, and an inability to concentrate. Recently, Lester is experiencing tremendous elation, excessive excitement, racing thoughts, and elevated self-esteem. He has not slept for several days, claiming that he no longer needs a full night's sleep. Which diagnosis will Lester most likely receive from a clinical psychologist? (A) Bipolar disorder (B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (C) Bulimia nervosa (D) Major depressive disorder (E) Conversion disorder
A
57. Professor González is interested in evaluating the ability of a new method of note-taking to improve student grades. Group A is trained in the new method and group B uses the traditional outline method of taking notes. What is Professor González' independent variable? (A) Method of note-taking (B) Grades (C) Group membership (D) The subject matter used (E) The number of students per group
A
16. Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following? (A) Accommodation (B) Sensory adaptation (C) Weber's law (D) Assimilation (E) Phi phenomenon
B
18. Which of the following would a social learning theorist be most likely to propose as a cause for a fear of flying? (A) A person has maladaptive thoughts about the safety of planes. (B) A person observed someone else's fear of flying. (C) A person had been negatively reinforced for flying on a plane. (D) The fear was passed on from parents genetically. (E) The fear is related to childhood trauma.
B
32. A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? (A) Occipital lobe (B) Wernicke's area (C) Auditory cortex (D) Parietal lobe (E) Basal ganglia
B
35. Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by pairing common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved (A) a heuristic (B) an algorithm (C) incubation (D) inductive reasoning (E) dialectical reasoning
B
40. During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of (A) resistance (B) transference (C) countertransference (D) catharsis (E) reaction formation
B
60. Preschoolers often have trouble buttoning shirts due to less-developed (A) visual acuity (B) fine motor skills (C) balance (D) gross motor skills (E) hemispheric specialization
B
63. George sat next to Kiki in biology class every day. They often worked together on assignments. By the end of the semester, George became quite fond of Kiki. Which social psychological term best explains George's attraction to Kiki? (A) Social trap (B) Mere-exposure effect (C) Bystander effect (D) Altruism (E) Companionate love
B
66. Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to (A) a lack of debriefing (B) sampling bias (C) participant bias (D) social desirability bias (E) placebo effects
B
7. An animal will gain weight when (A) it establishes homeostasis (B) its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged (C) it reaches its set point (D) its basal metabolism rate increases (E) releasing factors are present
B
72. Researchers paired rats' drinking of saccharin- sweetened water with injections of a drug that weakened the immune system. After repeated pairings, sweetened water triggered the rats' immune systems to break down. What was the conditioned stimulus in the study? (A) The drug (B) Sweetened water (C) The immune system weakening in response to the drug (D) The immune system weakening in response to the water (E) The immune system getting stronger
B
73. Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of schizophrenia? (A) Multiple personalities (B) Hallucinations (C) Mood swings (D) Frequent hand washing (E) Amnesia
B
75. According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, what is the relation between language and cognition? (A) Concepts are universal and influence the development of language. (B) Language shapes a culture's concepts and thought processes. (C) Private speech is a way to help children form thoughts and control their behavior. (D) An innate language acquisition device guides language development. (E) Mental schemas precede and aid language development.
B
78. Fred is afraid to leave his house, and he is extremely apprehensive every time he has to go out in public. Fred is most likely to be diagnosed with which type of disorder? (A) Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct (B) Anxiety (C) Bipolar and related (D) Dissociative (E) Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic
B
83. A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is (A) no relationship between amount of self- reported sleep and happiness (B) a positive correlation (C) a negative correlation (D) a perfect, negative relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness (E) a perfect, positive relationship between amount of self-reported sleep and happiness
B
86. A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean? (A) 75 (B) 77 (C) 86 (D) 90 (E) 99
B
88. Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a (A) speech deficit (B) visual deficit (C) motor deficit (D) hearing loss (E) slower heart rate
B
96. Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms? (A) Antisocial personality (B) Persistent depressive (C) Bipolar (D) Social anxiety (E) Generalized anxiety
B
24. Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid? (A) There are no valid physiological indicators of sleep. (B) Longer dreams usually occur during the first sleep cycle. (C) Individuals do not typically act out their dreams. (D) Sigmund Freud developed his theory of dreaming by waking individuals from REM sleep. (E) Sleep spindles occur with greater frequency in individuals who experience night terrors.
C
25. Which of the following is a statistical approach concerned with forming conclusions about the effect of the independent variable on variations in the dependent variable? (A) Descriptive (B) Correlational (C) Inferential (D) Factor analysis (E) Qualitative
C
34. Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the (A) amygdala (B) hippocampus (C) cerebellum (D) pituitary gland (E) lateral ventricle
C
39. To stop his uncle's constant requests, Jimmy takes out the garbage. This makes him more likely to take out the garbage in the future. Jimmy's behavior is being controlled by which of the following types of reinforcement? (A) Intermittent (B) Positive (C) Negative (D) Vicarious (E) Delayed
C
4. Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her? (A) Convergence (B) Binocular disparity (C) Linear perspective (D) Similarity (E) Closure
C
42. In high school, it did not seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always earned poor grades. Now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. According to the concept of learned helplessness, which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class? (A) "Spanish is a difficult subject that I am very poor at." (B) "I sure hope that my Spanish professor is better than my high school Spanish teacher." (C) "Why study? There isn't anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills." (D) "If I spend more time studying, I'm sure I will do better than in high school." (E) "I need to find a good tutor to help me learn Spanish; I can't learn it on my own."
C
43. Which of the following did Erik Erikson say was the primary conflict through which a teenager needs to work? (A) Autonomy versus shame and doubt (B) Initiative versus guilt (C) Identity versus role confusion (D) Intimacy versus isolation (E) Generativity versus stagnation
C
46. A teacher creates a test that will predict how well a student will do as a commercial airline pilot. The test is taken before the training, and then the teacher correlates the test score to the number of safe flying hours. The teacher is trying to determine whether the test has (A) face validity (B) content validity (C) criterion-related validity (D) test-retest reliability (E) split-half reliability
C
49. According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following is true? (A) The five psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud can explain most aspects of personality. (B) Carl Jung's personal and collective unconscious can explain the five dominant components of personality. (C) Most personality traits can be derived from the five major traits of the theory. (D) There are major differences between conscious and unconscious elements of personality. (E) Cognitive and behavioral factors affect the five major personality states.
C
51. Thea is in a clothing store with her mother. A man walks by and passes behind a clothing rack. Thea looks for him on the other side of the rack. Her behavior shows she has developed (A) conservation (B) egocentrism (C) object permanence (D) size constancy (E) decentration
C
56. Rochelle is anxious because she believes that nearly everyone must approve of everything she does. Which of the following is a cognitive therapist most likely to do to help Rochelle overcome her anxiety? (A) Reward her when she thinks positively about herself (B) Punish her when she thinks negatively about herself (C) Work on changing the way she interprets her circumstances (D) Desensitize her to people's reactions (E) Find the subconscious source of her need for approval
C
58. When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country. Often, fans believe that athletes from other countries cheat but athletes from their own country would never cheat. This is an example of what psychological concept? (A) Scapegoat theory (B) Social facilitation (C) In-group bias (D) Groupthink (E) Mere-exposure effect
C
59. Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics? (A) Phenylketonuria (PKU) (B) Giftedness (C) Savant syndrome (D) Antisocial personality disorder (E) Down syndrome
C
61. People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience (A) homeostasis (B) a reduction in their hierarchy of needs (C) cognitive dissonance (D) an approach-avoidance conflict (E) social facilitation
C
70. Which of the following individuals best demonstrates the concept of social loafing? (A) Aaron, who runs faster when running with a friend because he feels more motivated (B) Sara, who enjoys listening to music by herself because she finds it relaxing (C) Michael, who barely works on his group science project because he knows someone else will do the work (D) Stacy, who does all the social planning for her friends because she is good at it (E) Gary, who chooses not to go to a party because he has to study for midterm exams
C
74. Marissa is a good racquetball player whose performance seems to improve as the crowd watching her gets larger. Her change in performance is an example of (A) the bystander effect (B) misattribution (C) social facilitation (D) a social schema (E) a self-serving bias
C
76. Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder? (A) Schizophrenia (B) Somatic symptom (C) Major depressive (D) Antisocial personality (E) Specific phobia
C
10. Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision? (A) Color constancy (B) Feature detection (C) Subtractive color mixing (D) Afterimages (E) Parallel processing
D
11. What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present? I. Behaviorism II. Psychoanalysis III. Structuralism IV. Humanism (A) I, II, III, IV (B) II, III, IV, I (C) I, IV, III, II (D) III, II, I, IV (E) III, II, IV, I
D
26. A mental image of a spatial layout is called (A) an algorithm (B) a mental set (C) a heuristic (D) a cognitive map (E) insight
D
29. Chuck is walking down the street and someone asks him to sign a petition to put clean-air legislation on the next ballot. He decides to sign the petition. Then the person asks whether he would like to give a donation to the associated environmental group. This technique is known as (A) lowball (B) door in the face (C) that's not all (D) foot in the door (E) bait and switch
D
41. The process by which one evaluates the causes of other people's behavior is called (A) social cognition (B) compliance (C) cognitive dissonance (D) attribution (E) persuasion
D
47. An individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena? (A) Bottom-up processing (B) Visual imagery (C) Dual encoding (D) Self-reference effect (E) Phonemic encoding
D
48. A critical component for labeling a person's behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must (A) be present in other people who have already been diagnosed with a disorder (B) not be under the voluntary control of the person (C) pose a serious threat to those around the person (D) interfere with some aspect of the person's life (E) have been previously diagnosed as problematic
D
5. During therapy sessions, Gerry's therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy? (A) Empathy (B) Unconditional positive regard (C) Genuineness (D) Active listening (E) Self-worth
D
68. Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective? (A) Psychodynamic (B) Humanistic (C) Cognitive (D) Behavioral (E) Gestalt
D
80. Jeremy happily played with his colorful blocks while his mother was nearby. When his mother left the room, he became upset, but he quickly stopped crying and began to play with the blocks again. When his mother returned, he greeted her happily. Which of the following patterns of attachment reflects Jeremy's actions? (A) Avoidant (B) Anxious ambivalent (C) Resistant (D) Secure (E) Disorganized disoriented
D
81. Which of the following research findings supports a strong biological basis for behavior? (A) Presenting a loud sound just before presenting a neutral stimulus eventually produces fear of the neutral stimulus. (B) Including misinformation in a question about an event decreases the accuracy of memory for the event. (C) Observing an aggressive model leads to aggressive behavior by the observer. (D) Identical twins who are reared apart have similar levels of intelligence. (E) Individuals working in a group put forth less effort than they put forth when working alone.
D
82. Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following? (A) Calmness (B) A coma (C) Memory loss (D) Aggression (E) Sleep
D
85. After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior? (A) Arousal (B) Social learning (C) Self-determination theory (D) Drive reduction (E) Achievement motivation
D
87. It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster (A) is a man (B) represents a majority of the United States population (C) has a low density of taste buds on the tongue (D) is very sensitive to hot peppers (E) learned to be a supertaster from others
D
44. One of the difficulties in studying hypnosis experimentally is that (A) it is more difficult to hypnotize people in a lab than in a familiar setting (B) hypnotized people act so differently from nonhypnotized people that it is hard to create a control group (C) people who are hypnotized are typically sluggish and will not engage in a wide variety of behaviors (D) hypnosis requires the use of illicit drugs (E) there is no reliable way to determine if a person is hypnotized
E
54. A test with normally distributed results was returned to a class of 100 students. Later, the teacher realized an error was made and added 10 points to each student's score. Which of the following must have changed as a result of the increase in scores? (A) A student's percentile rank (B) The standard deviation of the scores (C) The variance of the scores (D) The skew of the distribution (E) The mode
E
71. Nick admitted to his parents that he was not working to his potential in his academics and sports. Even though his parents were disappointed, instead of yelling at Nick, they accepted him and wanted to help him work through his feelings. His parents' behavior exemplified (A) congruence (B) reciprocal determinism (C) ambivalent attachment (D) authoritarian parenting (E) unconditional positive regard
E
77. Dylan has difficulty solving a physics problem in class. The next day, he suddenly thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching a friend play the guitar. The thought process that Dylan experienced is an example of (A) spontaneous recovery (B) social learning (C) discrimination (D) latent learning (E) insight learning
E
9. Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise (A) reduces her level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (B) reduces her level of acetylcholine (C) reduces her level of glutamate (D) increases her level of teratogens (E) increases her level of endorphins
E
95. Carl Jung believed in a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from a person's ancestral past. Which of the following psychological terms refers to that storehouse? (A) Id (B) Ego (C) Superego (D) Personal unconscious (E) Collective unconscious
E
97. Alexandra wants to test her new baby's Babinski reflex. To elicit the appropriate response, Alexandra will have to (A) stroke her baby's cheek (B) press on her baby's palm (C) turn her baby's head to one side (D) shine a bright light in her baby's eyes (E) stroke the sole of her baby's foot
E
99. Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia? (A) Hypothalamus (B) Cerebellum (C) Pons (D) Thalamus (E) Hippocampus
E
64. In the figure above, where do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have their initial effect? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E
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