AP Psychology: Chapter 18 Social Influence
Social Impairment
A reduction in performance due to the presence of other people
Resource dilemma
A situation in which people must share a common resource, creating conflicts between the short-term interests of individuals and the long-term interests of the group
Prisoner's dilemma
A social dilemma in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome
Zero-sum game
A social situation in which one person's gains are subtracted from another person's resources, so that the sum of the gains and losses is zero
Compliance
Adjusting one's behavior because of an explicit or implicit request
Aggression
An action intended to harm another person
Cooperation
Any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a common goal
Social Dilemmas
Are situations in which an action that produces rewards for one individual will, if adopted by all others, produce negative consequences for everyone
Obedience
Changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure
Conformity
Changing one's behavior or beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined, though unspoken, group pressure
Self Loafing
Exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone
Task-oriented leaders
Provide close supervision, leads by directives, and generally discourages group discussion
Person-oriented leaders
Provide loose supervision, asks for group members' ideas, and is concerned with subordinates' feelings
Norms
Socially based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations
Social Influence
The process whereby one person's behavior is affected by the words or actions of others.
Environmental Psychology
The study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment
Competition
Trying to gain a goal for themselves while denying that goal to others
Conflict
When one person or group believes that another stands in the way of their achieving a goal
Deindividuation
A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone
Groupthink
A pattern of thinking in which group members fail to evaluate realistically the wisdom of various options and decisions
Social Faciliation
A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person's performance
Frustration-aggression Hypothesis
A proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior