AP Psychology: Chapter 18 Social Influence

Social Impairment

A reduction in performance due to the presence of other people

Resource dilemma

A situation in which people must share a common resource, creating conflicts between the short-term interests of individuals and the long-term interests of the group

Prisoner's dilemma

A social dilemma in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome

Zero-sum game

A social situation in which one person's gains are subtracted from another person's resources, so that the sum of the gains and losses is zero

Compliance

Adjusting one's behavior because of an explicit or implicit request

Aggression

An action intended to harm another person

Cooperation

Any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a common goal

Social Dilemmas

Are situations in which an action that produces rewards for one individual will, if adopted by all others, produce negative consequences for everyone

Obedience

Changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure

Conformity

Changing one's behavior or beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined, though unspoken, group pressure

Self Loafing

Exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone

Task-oriented leaders

Provide close supervision, leads by directives, and generally discourages group discussion

Person-oriented leaders

Provide loose supervision, asks for group members' ideas, and is concerned with subordinates' feelings

Norms

Socially based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations

Social Influence

The process whereby one person's behavior is affected by the words or actions of others.

Environmental Psychology

The study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment

Competition

Trying to gain a goal for themselves while denying that goal to others

Conflict

When one person or group believes that another stands in the way of their achieving a goal

Deindividuation

A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone

Groupthink

A pattern of thinking in which group members fail to evaluate realistically the wisdom of various options and decisions

Social Faciliation

A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person's performance

Frustration-aggression Hypothesis

A proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior