AP Psychology Final Exam Review 2022 PART TWO

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following?

Schizophrenic disorders

Daria provides alternative viewpoints for ideas proposed during the student council meeting. The most likely consequence of her critiques is that they will

prevent groupthink

The factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include

proximity and similarity

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain

reactions to stress

A student has just failed a psychology exam. Which of the following explanations is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?

"I didn't study hard enough."

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment?

"If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing."

Diffusion of responsibility has been used to explain which of the following findings in social psychology?

A person who is alone while witnessing an emergency is more likely to help than if he were part of a group.

A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new employee does. If the new employee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likely have occurred?

A self-fulfilling prophecy

The defense mechanism of projection is best illustrated by which of the following examples?

A soccer player who does not have much athletic skill constantly criticizes other athletes' performances.

During therapy sessions, Gerry's therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy?

Active listening

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

An unwarranted sense of self-importance

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for individuals with schizophrenia?

Antipsychotic medications

Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

Antisocial personality

Which of the following treatments would reduce a drinker's dependence on alcohol by changing the positive effect of alcohol to a negative one?

Aversive conditioning

Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark's mood?

Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

Behavioral

Which of the following theoretical perspectives supports the claim that an outgoing personality is a result of reinforcement?

Behavioral

Which of the following is an example of a compulsion?

Checking the doors twenty times before going to bed

Which of the following situations poses an approach-approach conflict for a person who listens only to classical music?

Choosing to study with one of two friends, both of whom listen to classical music while studying

Which of the following concepts was advanced by social psychologists to help explain why people who are part of a crowd sometimes commit aggressive, antisocial acts that they would not commit if they were alone?

Deindividuation

Which of the following concepts explains motivation in terms of an organism seeking to maintain its biological equilibrium?

Homeostasis

The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?

Humanistic

Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory?

Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home.

A basketball player deliberately tried to injure opposing players during the game. Near the end of the game, he falls and is injured. A fan comments that the player deserved the injury. The fan's sentiments best represent what social psychological phenomenon?

Just-world hypothesis

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder?

Major depressive

George sat next to Kiki in biology class every day. They often worked together on assignments. By the end of the semester, George became quite fond of Kiki. Which social psychological term best explains George's attraction to Kiki?

Mere-exposure effect

According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following is true?

Most personality traits can be derived from the five major traits of the theory.

Which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders includes free association, dream analysis, interpretation, resistance, and transference?

Psychoanalytic

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Which of the following assessment tools explores individuals' personalities by asking them to examine a series of inkblots and describe what they see in the inkblot?

Rorschach Test

A researcher who considers top-down processing to be essential for understanding emotional experiences would most likely agree with which of the following theories?

Schachter two-factor

Lee is about to skydive for the first time. He interprets his racing heart to be the result of his eager anticipation and excitement. This best represents which theory of emotion?

Schachter's two factor

Which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer?

She feels confident that she can play well enough to score a goal.

Janice has a strong, unreasonable fear of being embarrassed in front of strangers. When she is with others she does not know, she feels extremely insecure and worried. Janice's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Social anxiety

Jim is better at computer games when his friends are watching than when he plays alone. Researchers would explain Jim's behavior using which of the following theories?

Social facilitation

A professor assigns a group project for class and notices that the students do not put in as much work as they do when they work individually. Which of the following phenomena can best explain the professor's observation?

Social loafing

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Somatoform

85. Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

Of the following, which would most commonly be used to treat a phobia?

Systematic desensitization

Although Paul loved playing football for fun in high school, he enjoys it less now that he is paid to be a professional football player. Which of the following best explains Paul's decreased interest in playing football?

The overjustification effect

Claude, a waiter at a popular restaurant, gives extra appetizers to his return customers because they often tip him more when he does. Claude's technique relies on which of the following?

The reciprocity norm

Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?

Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

Amanda experienced discomfort in class. She put on a sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. Her behavior was motivated by

a drive

Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy's belief best illustrates

an internal locus of control

People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience

cognitive dissonance

Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin's behavior illustrates

displacement

An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy

enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

A primary goal of humanistic therapy is to have clients

establish greater congruence between their actual and ideal selves

After discussing a topic, a group makes a decision that is more extreme than the average position of all of the group members prior to discussion. The group's action is an example of

group polarization

According to Sigmund Freud, our sexual and aggressive instincts are located primarily in the

id

When four-year-old Chris grabs a toy car from two-year-old Pat because Chris wants to play with the toy, Chris is demonstrating

instrumental aggression

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

The scapegoat theory suggests that

prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.According to the James-Lange theory, after seeing the snake, Ted will most likely

start trembling and then feel fear without explicitly processing the snake

In Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, subject were LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the

subject observed other subjects who refused to obey the experimenter's orders

One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish

superordinate goals

Katie is trying to explain to her parents why they should allow her to attend State University. She presents them with information on tuition, graduation and retention rates, financial aid, and enrollment. Katie is using

the central route to persuasion

The tendency to believe that another person's behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called

the fundamental attribution error

During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of

transference

Nick admitted to his parents that he was not working to his potential in his academics and sports. Even though his parents were disappointed, instead of yelling at Nick, they accepted him and wanted to help him work through his feelings. His parents' behavior exemplified

unconditional positive regard