AP Psychology Unit 4 MC review

Although Sue Yen sees her chem. teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of

context effects

Sensation is to _____ as perception is to ______

detection; interpretation

The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived

distance

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated

inattentional blindnes

Damage to the temporal lobe area of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of

perception

The tendency to hear the steady drip of a leaky sink faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of two or more beats best illustrates

perceptual organization

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the __________ theory.

Young-Hemoltz

Feature detectors

are nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges

When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and forth b/w them. This is called

perceptual set

John Locke would have suggested that a perceptual set results from

prior experience

Accommodation refers to the

process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

As we move, objects that are fixed in place, a light pole, for example, may appear to move. What is this monocular cue for depth called?

relative motion

As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates

sensation

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces

stroboscopic movement

Psychologists are skeptical about ESP claims because

studies claiming to demonstrate such abilities fail at replication

Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate

subliminal stimulation

Feature detectors pass information to other cortical areas where complex patterns are processed by

supercell clusters

The ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of

the misperception of distance

The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of

top-down processing

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel respond to specific aspects of _________ stimulation

visual

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on

visual acuity

If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for an 80-ounce weight would be __________ ounce(s)

8

Imagine that a softball player wears special lasses that shift her visual field upward 20 degrees. This means that when the player wears these glasses, everything appears higher than it actually is. With practice the player can hit a ball with the glasses on. What will happen when the player first hits a ball w/ the glasses off

She will believe the ball is lower than it really is.

Humans born blind or kittens raised under restricted conditions do not have the cortical regions needed to interpret visual stimuli. Sensory restriction does not appear to do damage if it occurs later in life. This suggest taht

a critical period exists for normal perceptual development

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is

absolute threshold

If an adult develops cataracts, his or her _______ threshold for light is likely to ________

absolute, increase

Researchers found that 40% of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates

change blindness

Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated

choice blindness

While singing to you on your birthday, your friends leave off the very last word of the song, "Happy Birthday to you, Happy birthday to you, happy birthday dear David, happy birthday to..." Your tendency to mentally fill in the last word best reflects which of the following Gestalt principles of organization

closure

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called

depth perception

On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear _________ than it does on a sunny day

equally as yellow as

Clairvoyance refers to the

extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the

lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as

lightness constancy

The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

minimize sensory adaptation

Which of the following is most helpful in perceiving the distance of objects far away from you?

monocular cues

Compared with rods, cones are

more sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail

Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

shape constancy

The fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to

signal detection theory