AP pysch chap 2
Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply linked to depression.
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?
Brain
The Central Nervous System is made up which two components
Brain and spinal cord
Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
susan was recently involved in an accident. while she has the ability to understand what those around her are saying, she is unable to respond verbally. susan may have suffered damage to her....
Broca's Area
myelin sheath
a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
all-or-none response
a nerve or muscle fibre responds completly or not at all to a stimulus
action potential
a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
adrenal glands
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress. Secondary source of sex hormones
What event causes the release of chemicals into synaptic gap
action potential
Which is associated with fear
amygdala
previously calm animal is now aggressive
amygdala
Which of the following neurotransmitter most closely resembles the effects alc has on nervous sys
anandamide
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
Soma
cell body of a neuron
glial cells
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
Wernicke's area
condition resulting from damage to Wernicke's area, causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful langauge
Medulla
controls heartbeat and breathing
motor cortex
controls voluntary movements
frontal lobe
decision making, problem solving, planning, speech
Sara has a family history of schizophrenia. At a chemical level, which neurotransmitter would be implicated in the disorder?
dopamine
what type of signal is used to relay a message from one end of a neuron to the other end
electrical
sympathic division
fight or flight
synpase/synaptic gap
fluid filled space between axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites or soma of the next cell
In 1848, Phineas Gage. Iron rod through head
frontal lobes
temporal lobe
hearing
which is least related to endocrine system
heart
Hippocampus
long term memory
The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.
nervous system
A specialized cell found in the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a
neuron
afferent neurons
neurons that take information from the senses to the brain (central nervous system)
Brains ability to restructure
neuroplasticity
A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a ________.
neurotransmitter
madison encounters a snake on her walk home. after her initial fright, her breathing and heart slow down and she begins to feel calm again. which division of the nervous system helped calm madison down?
parasympathetic nervous system
Reuptake
process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles
thyroid gland
regulates metabolism
Amygadala
responsible for fear responses and memory of fear
Gonads
sex glands
Pons
sleeping, waking, dreaming
which part of the brain is responsible for walking across room to pick something up
somatic nervous system
Josh was on the way to the bathroom when he heard a loud noise. heart sped up and began to sweat..why
sympathetic nervous system
Neuroplasticity
the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma
Neuron
the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and sends messages within that system
Epigenetics
the interaction between genes and environmental factors that influence gene activity; environmental factors include diet, life experiences, and physical surroundings
parietal lobe
touch, temperature, and body position
Axon
tubelike structure that carries the neural message to other cells
occipital lobe
vision
Researches removed part of rat's brain so that the two hemispheres of the brain can no longer communicate with each other
Corpus Callosum
Someone under the influence of alcohol is MOST likely to experience
Decreased inhibition
somatic nervous system
Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
a college student participates in voluntary
EEG
Kayla has a dream in which she is falling, and when she is about to land, she wakes up. After awakening, she spends hours researching the symbolism of her dream. Which sleep theory best describes Kayla's approach to researching her dream?
Freud's Wish-Fulfillment
endocrine glands
Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
John is a regular drinker. When he does not drink alcohol for an extended period he begins to feel nauseated and craves alcohol. Because of this unpleasant feeling, John chooses to drink and then the unpleasant feelings go away. What has happened to John?
He has developed an addiction to alc
Emma is telling her younger sister stories about her first Christmas in their new home. Which part of the brain is Emma using to recall these memories?
Hippocampus
the nature-nurture issue is best exemplified
Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation
most detailed picture of brain
MRI
Ronnie conducting research on part of neuron that helps speed transmission of neural impulses
Myelin sheath
At a concert, Joan is listening to the words of her favorite song and watching her favorite band perform. Which two lobes of her brain are active during these activities?
Occipital and Temporal
Which type of neural measure would show anxious temperament related to fear?
PET
Rachel has had a stroke resulting in damage to her thalamus. Ever since then, Rachel has had a variety of problems primarily related to:
Receiving sensory information and relaying it to appropriate area
Hypothalamus
Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control
a knee jerk reaction is triggered when __ in the knee and send a signal to the __
Sensory Neurons, Interneurons, Motor Neurons
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the ________.
Soma
Knowing what you are touching or how hot to make the water for your shower involves which of these areas of the brain?
Somatosensory Cortex