AP World History Modern | Modules 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6

All of the following are true of Mali in the 12th century EXCEPT

they allowed free trade for anyone who entered into their kingdom

Which of the following changes to Western Europe during the period 400-1450 occurred under the reign of Charlemagne?

A new model of civilization emerged in Western Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome

Which of the following was a common feature of most Asian and European philosophies during the period of 1000 to 1450? A) A close association with religion B) Emphasis on experimental science C) Reliance on ideas of individual freedom D) Substantial scholarly exchange of ideas among all world cultures E) Wide availability through printed books

A) A close association with religion

What trend among cities around the world of that era is reflected in this image? A) Cities relied on walls for protection against attackers. B) Cities were being founded in increasingly dry regions. C) Cities were becoming less dependent on trade. D) Cities were founded in open areas that were easier to defend.

A) Cities relied on walls for protection against attackers.

Which of the following developments most directly resulted from the Crusades? A) Growth of Italian city-states. B) Spread of the Black Death. C) Vasco da Gama's voyage to India. D) Columbian Exchange E) Restriction of European traders to treaty ports.

A) Growth of Italian city-states.

In what ways were the civilizations in Mesoamerica before 1000 C.E. more sophisticated than those in North America? A) In the former, social structure was more complex, astronomical knowledge was greater, and architectural skills were more advanced. B) In the former, Christianity was already practiced. C) Mexican and Central American civilizations never practiced human sacrifice, while societies in North America did. D) The former civilizations adopted democracy, while the latter used tribal rule. E) In no ways, because the North Americans had more advanced social structures.

A) In the former, social structure was more complex, astronomical knowledge was greater, and architectural skills were more advanced.

In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments? A) Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords B) Local elites' desire to expand the commercial power of local towns C) Local elites' need for military assistance to eliminate religious heresies D) Local elites' desire to attract new settlers to their territories

A) Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords

In the period between 1000 to 1450, which of the following were two occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women? A) Midwife and healer B) Military leader and farmer C) Scribe and tax collector D) Long-distance trader and merchant E) Metalworker and textile manufacturer

A) Midwife and healer

Which of the following provides the best evidence of the extent of the migrations of Bantu peoples? A) Similarities of languages B) Similarities of political structures C) Continuity of religious organizations D) Archaeological remains of religious buildings

A) Similarities of languages

Which statement accurately reflects an effect of the temperature pattern shown in the graph? A) The Little Ice Age caused shortages of food and reduced the amount of agricultural surplus available for trade. B) One result of the Little Ice Age was that Vikings from Scandinavia began raiding coasts along England and France. C) As climates in Spain cooled, Ferdinand and Isabella financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus in search of land for cash crops. D) As a result of the pollution from the growth of industry in Western Europe, temperatures began to rise as the ozone depleted.

A) The Little Ice Age caused shortages of food and reduced the amount of agricultural surplus available for trade.

The developments shown on the map were most likely an effect of which of the following? A) The migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples B) The spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa C) The development of the trading cities of the Swahili coast D) The beginnings of European exploration of the Indian Ocean

A) The migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples

Why were the Inca able to achieve the accomplishment described in the passage? A) They divided their empire into four provinces so that it would be easier to govern. B) They demanded heavy tribute from conquered groups living on the edges of their empire. C) They routinely sent armies through the empire to collect tribute. D) They allowed conquered people to retain their own customs, language, and religion.

A) They divided their empire into four provinces, so it would be easier to govern.

Imposing labor obligations such as those outlined in the decree often had which of the following short-term effects in medieval European societies? A) Various forms of peasant resistance, including armed revolts B) Resistance from members of the clergy, including movements for religious reform C) Commercialization of agriculture, as small tenant farms were replaced by large plantations D) Replacement of the hereditary nobility by a bureaucratic service elite

A) Various forms of peasant resistance, including armed revolts

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period 1000—1300? A) Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire. B) Developments in the legal systems of China emphasized individual political rights, while western Europe concentrated on maritime law. C) Both societies began an aggressive policy of imperialism and territorial expansion. D) Both societies gradually adopted a representative democratic system. E) Both regions experienced Mongol imperial rule.

A) Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire.

All of the following are true of the major Amerindian civilizations in Central and South America prior to the arrival of Europeans except: A) economies based on trade. B) monumental building. C) urban centers. D) differentiation of labor. E) social stratification.

A) economies based on trade.

Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both A) Developed from Mayan civilization B) Acquired empires by means of military conquest C) Independently developed iron technology D) Depended entirely on oral record keeping E) Had no system of regional trade

B) Acquired empires by means of military conquest

The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe? A) Its bureaucratization, as European rulers developed sophisticated systems of record keeping to strengthen their authority. B) Its decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinates. C) Its reliance on Roman traditions, as European rulers used ancient customs to demonstrate their legitimacy. D) Its ethnic and cultural diversity, as European rulers granted ethnic and religious groups the right to use their own laws and traditions.

B) Its decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinates.

In addition to languages, the peoples discussed in the passage are credited with the diffusion of which of the following in sub-Saharan Africa? A) Monumental architecture B) New agricultural techniques C) Nomadism D) Writing systems

B) New agricultural techniques

Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following in Afro-Eurasia in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? A) Creation of diasporic merchant communities B) Peasant revolts against taxation and coercive labor systems C) An increase of religious tolerance D) An expansion of Mongol power

B) Peasant revolts against taxation and coercive labor systems

The description of the peasant revolt best supports which of the following conclusions? A) Peasants were hostile to the idea of wage labor. B) Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance. C) Peasant demands for equality were supported by the highest levels of religious leaders. D) Peasant revolts were more frequent in England than elsewhere in this period.

B) Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance.

Renaissance Italy and the Islamic Middle East after the decline of the 'Abbasid Empire in the mid-tenth century are important examples of which of the following? A) Political unity and cultural creativity B) Political fragmentation and cultural creativity C) Political unity and the decline of religion D) Political fragmentation and the decline of religion E) Political unity and the rise of secularism

B) Political fragmentation and cultural creativity

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction? A) The Inca rulers constructed roads to help complete conquests. B) The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly. C) The Inca rulers clearly marked their kingdom with boundaries. D) The Inca rulers could acquire specialized tools to cut through mountains.

B) The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best help determine whether the map accurately represents the process of the spread of iron metallurgy in southern Africa? A) Iron was the only metal that was smelted at the archaeological sites shown on the map, even though there are large sources of copper ore in the region. B) The archaeological sites shown on the map are representative of the locations and dates of all archaeological sites in the region that have evidence of ancient iron smelting. C) Ironsmiths enjoy a high social status in many traditional African societies, and iron objects were often associated with kingship or other forms of political power. D) There is evidence that at least three of the archaeological sites shown on the map—Great Zimbabwe, Mapungubwe, and Thulamela—were capital cities of independent states.

B) The archaeological sites shown on the map are representative of the locations and dates of all archaeological sites in the region that have evidence of ancient iron smelting.

Which of the following describes a major effect of the Bantu migrations? A) The spread of Islam across sub-Saharan Africa B) The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa C) The introduction of banana cultivation in East Africa D) The success of hunter-foraging in sub-Saharan Africa

B) The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa

Which trend followed the temperature pattern shown in the graph? A) The centralization of political power. B) The rate of growth in the urban population. C) The use of systems of coerced labor. D) The spread of Christianity in Europe.

B) The rate of growth in the urban population.

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage? A) They were built by men with tools. B) They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom. C) There were many roads throughout the kingdom. D) Their construction was supervised by government officials.

B) They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.

One achievement represented by the structure in the image was that it was built A) With techniques used by the Arabs and the Portuguese B) Without mortar C) Without slave labor D) Away from any large settlement of people

B) Without mortar

The point of view of the author can best be described as A) sympathetic to the peasants B) hostile to the peasants C) indifferent to the peasants' grievances D) sympathetic to the leaders of the revolt

B) hostile to the peasants

The coexistence of rulers and councils of elders in African states in the period circa 1200-1450 best demonstrates A) an attempt to imitate the feudal governments of European states and East Asian empires B) the influence of indigenous African political practices C) an adaptation to the climatic conditions of the East African coast D) a reflection of the hardships and uncertainties faced by Muslim seaborne traders

B) the influence of indigenous African political practices

The example of an ancient Arabian state that traded extensively and controlled territories on the East African coast can best be used as evidence of A) the contributions of East Africa to the development of Eurasian religions B) the long-term continuities in state building in coastal East Africa C) the importance of the East African coast in the development of African national identities D) the technological and logistical challenges faced by Eurasian merchants trying to reach the East African coast

B) the long-term continuities in state building in coastal East Africa

When the author of the passage describes the Incan civilization as the "greatest empire on Earth," he means that they... A) Constructed great buildings and other structures B) Conquered other empires, including the Aztecs C) Adapted successfully to diverse environments D) Were the wealthiest civilization in the world in 1491

C) Adapted successfully to diverse environments

Taken together, the two images best support which of the following conclusions? A) New European technologies transformed African artistic traditions. B) African societies that practiced Christianity generally gave women greater political and cultural prominence than did African societies that practiced traditional religions. C) African societies combined a patriarchal power structure with cultural traditions that gave women a prominent place in social and cultural life. D) Women's roles in African societies were shaped by the interaction between Christianity and Islam as the two religions spread in the region.

C) African societies combined a patriarchal power structure with cultural traditions that gave women a prominent place in social and cultural life.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the passage? A) DNA evidence suggests human populations in western, central, and southern Africa share many similar genes. B) Linguistic evidence shows that several small groups in central and southern Africa continue to speak non-Bantu languages. C) Archaeological evidence suggests that iron metallurgy spread across sub-Saharan Africa in several distinct waves, separated by hundreds of years. D) Ethnographic evidence shows that many West African societies share common themes in their cultural and religious traditions.

C) Archaeological evidence suggests that iron metallurgy spread across sub-Saharan Africa in several distinct waves, separated by hundreds of years.

Vieira's account of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba draws on which of the following? A) State support for Christianity in the Roman Empire B) Christian rejection of Greek philosophical and religious influences C) Christian adoption and adaptation of Judaic textual sources D) Christian encouragement of monasticism as an alternative to marriage

C) Christian adoption and adaptation of Judaic textual sources

One factor that contributed to the declines of both Great Zimbabwe and the Mayans was A) Invasions by neighbors with iron weapons B) Contact with Europeans C) Environmental damage D) Ethnic conflicts within the community

C) Environmental damage

A historian would most likely use the chart to research which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750? A) The decline of Norse colonies in Greenland. B) Native American transfer from dependence on agriculture to hunting C) European civil unrest and weakened economies. D) A surge in witch trials on both sides of the Atlantic.

C) European civil unrest and weakened economies.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which most likely explains Froissart's view of the peasants' grievances discussed in the passage? A) Even though he was French, Froissart traveled to England to collect information for his chronicles. B) Peasant revolts were fairly common in medieval Europe. C) History writing in medieval Europe was aimed primarily at elite audiences. D) In addition to his chronicles, Froissart wrote a work of romance based on the legend of King Arthur.

C) History writing in medieval Europe was aimed primarily at elite audiences.

Which of the following was an important continuity in the social structure of states and empires in the period 600 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A) Peasants were generally free of obligations to the state. B) Wealthy merchants dominated political institutions. C) Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class. D) Urban craft workers played a substantial role in government.

C) Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class.

The interregional connections of states such as those on the East African coast can best be used as an illustration of the continued importance of which of the following? A) International diplomacy B) Polytheistic religions C) Long-distance trade D) Patriarchal gender norms

C) Long-distance trade

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the mit'a system in the Inca Empire? A) To gain tribute in the form of prisoners of war for ritual sacrifice B) To raise a mercenary army to fight the Aztec Empire and Maya city-states C) To compel Inca subjects to work on various state projects for a fixed term each year D) To replace the nuclear family as the basic social unit of Inca society

C) To compel Inca subjects to work on various state projects for a fixed term each year

The mosaic can be used as evidence for all of the following EXCEPT A) the importance of public rituals in imperial societies B) the significance of religious symbolism in Eastern Christian culture C) the decline of patriarchy in imperial societies D) the prominent role of women of the imperial family in Byzantine society

C) the decline of patriarchy in imperial societies

The act of the countess of Béarn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political systems? A) Manorialism B) Serfdom C) Monasticism D) Feudalism

D) Feudalism

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph? A) Inca rulers followed the method of dynastic succession for passing political authority from one ruler to another. B) Inca rulers performed religious ceremonies to bless the highways and those who traveled on them. C) Inca rulers had officials assign men from the provinces to construct the highways. D) Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

D) Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

The Carpa Nan demonstrates the main point expressed by the writer in the excerpt because... A) It made living in the rainforest possible. B) It provided a common system of written communication. C) It provided irrigation for terraced farmlands. D) It connected the parts of the empire.

D) It connected the parts of the empire.

Which of the following staple crops is most associated with the rise of Mesoamerican civilizations? A) Manioc B) Potatoes C) Beans D) Maize E) Rice

D) Maize

The events described in the passage represent a reaction against which of the following forms of coerced labor? A) Slavery B) Military conscription C) Indentured servitude D) Serfdom

D) Serfdom

Which of the following best represents a significant change in labor organization from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A) Governments enforced military conscription when faced with external threats. B) Enslavement of captured soldiers began throughout Afro-Eurasia. C) Government institutions imposed labor taxes on free peasant populations. D) Serfdom arose as an alternative form of coerced labor in parts of Europe and East Asia.

D) Serfdom arose as an alternative form of coerced labor in parts of Europe and East Asia.

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades? A) Western knights carved out a kingdom in the Holy Land that lasted until the sixteenth century. B) The Fourth Crusade aided in the defense of Constantinople and preserved the integrity of the Byzantine Empire. C) The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world. D) The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East. E) The Muslims adopted much of Europe's culture.

D) The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East.

Which of the following was an important similarity between the role of religion in the Maya city-states in the period of 300—600 C.E. and the role of religion in the Roman state in the period 400 B.C.E.—400 C.E.? A) The governments of both used forced conversion to ensure the loyalty of subject peoples. B) The governments of both were tolerant of all forms of religion practiced within their borders. C) The governments of both focused on vigorous religious education of the youth to ensure the subordination of their citizens. D) The governments of both used religious practices in order to legitimize their authority.

D) The governments of both used religious practices in order to legitimize their authority.

Which of the following has been most clearly documented to have been part of the same broader process in sub-Saharan Africa as the developments shown on the map? A) The spread of disease pathogens B) The spread of domesticated horses and camels C) The spread of new types of canoes and sailing boats D) The spread of new agricultural techniques

D) The spread of new agricultural techniques

The Aztec civilization's militaristic tone and use of human sacrifice was based on the earlier culture of the: A) Inca B) Maya C) Mound Builders D) Toltec E) Khazars

D) Toltec

From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in A) the principle of separation of church and state B) the legal equality of men and women C) equality of opportunity D) a single omnipotent deity

D) a single omnipotent deity

The term "samurai" describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal Europe known as A) lords of the manor B) Catholic bishops C) serfs D) knights E) merchants

D) knights

By 1200 C.E. Improved agricultural technology had spread throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa primarily through the A) development of oxen immune to diseases carried by the tsetse fly B) discovery of gold that provided a means of exchange among groups C) expansion of the Sahara Desert, which forced Berber peoples to move south D) migration of Bantu-speaking peoples with their knowledge of ironworking

D) migration of Bantu-speaking peoples with their knowledge of ironworking

What well-traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source?

Ibn Battuta

The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their A) conversion to Islam B) superior naval technology C) use of cavalry D) centralized political systems E) knowledge of agriculture

E) knowledge of agriculture

The Crusades launched by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by A) the desire of Italian city-states to seize control of the spice trade from Central Asian and Chinese merchants B) the desire to demonstrate Europe's new technological supremacy over Islam C) resentment toward Islamic missionaries seeking to spread their faith along the Mediterranean D) western European fears that Byzantium and the Muslim kings would launch a military attack against western Europe E) papal efforts to unite western European rulers and nobles in support of the papacy

E) papal efforts to unite western European rulers and nobles in support of the papacy

All of the following were effects of the Crusades EXCEPT

Europeans learned new fighting techniques from the Muslims

How were the religious practices of Bantu speakers similar to those of later faith that would spread in Africa?

They spread a form of monotheism, as did Muslims

One important reason that Bantu speakers were successful in spreading their culture was that they

Used iron technology, which gave them advantages over other cultures