AP World History Unit 1 - 2.

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region's economy?

- Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands. Correct. Demarest claims that exotic goods such as jaguar pelts, textiles, and feathers were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands, thus illustrating the importance of exotic goods to the economy of the wider Maya region.

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription?

- In Vedic religions, rejecting worldly concerns in order to attain spiritual perfection was considered a virtue. - Correct. Being free of physical desires in order to concentrate on spiritual pursuits is a key belief of Vedic religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism. The fact that the passage refers to the king as being free from all physical desire in the context of praising him for dedicating a statute to a bodhisattva and of being "an ocean of all virtues practiced by the followers of the Buddha" indicates that the phrase is used in this religious sense of the phrase.

The claim in the second paragraph that the king has become "free from all physical desire" can best be understood to mean that...

- Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone. Correct. The first paragraph of the inscription states that a statue of a bodhisattva was dedicated "for the benefit and salvation and happiness of all creatures."

The combination between religious and political aspects in the Abbasid state's concept of rulership is best reflected in which of the following?

- The Abbasid state was headed by the Caliph who was theoretically the state's supreme religious and political leader Correct. In the Abbasid caliphate, the caliph theoretically held supreme religious and political authority.

Despite the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate, Islam continued to spread across Afro-Eurasia in the period 1200-1450 primarily because of which of the following?

- The activities of Sufi missionaries Correct. The activities of Sufi missionaries were the largest factor in the further spread of Islam across Afro-Eurasia in the period 1200-1450, as Sufis won new converts in places such as Anatolia, Central Asia, India, and Southeast Asia where Islam had already been introduced.

The need for legal action to address the "grave inconveniences" that might result from the labor shortages described in the passage most likely resulted from-

- The agrarian nature of medieval European economies and their reliance on coerced labor. Correct. The sense of urgency behind the labor shortages of agricultural workers, particularly ploughmen, reflects the agrarian nature of medieval economies, and the mention of serfs reflects the reliance of medieval economies on coerced labor.

The terminology used in the opening sentence of the decree was most directly influenced by which of the following?

- The deep influence of Christianity on medieval society and culture. Correct. Phrases such as "by the grace of God" and "reverend father in Christ" reflect the deep religiosity of medieval society and political culture.

Which of the following does the author cite most directly to support his argument in the third paragraph about the importance of exotic goods in the Maya region?

- The existence of united patterns of behavior in warfare, science, and religion. - Correct. Demarest argues that the exchange of exotic (or "high-status") goods in the Maya region led to the development of unified patterns of behavior in religion, science, and warfare.

The process of "consultations with the nobles and clergy of the realm" in the making of Edward III's decree best reflects which of the following?

- The fragmented, decentralized nature of European feudal monarchies. - Correct. Like most European states at the time, the English monarchy had to contend with the power of an entrenched hereditary nobility and a semiautonomous clerical establishment. While the monarch's power was absolute in theory, in practice he or she often needed to wield it in cooperation or consultation with the aristocracy and the clergy.

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century?

- The rise of Turkic States: Correct. The disintegration of the Abbasid state resulted in the emergence of numerous Islamic states controlled by Turkic peoples. Long before the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258, the Islamic world split into a number of smaller successor states, most of which were dominated by Turkic ruling classes. In the thirteenth century, some examples of such states included the Delhi Sultanate of India and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.

Which of the following was a continuity in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader Afro-Eurasian world. - Correct. Despite the barrier of the Sahara desert, African states such as Ethiopia and the states of the Sahel (Ghana, Mali, Songhai, etc.) were able to maintain regular diplomatic and cultural contacts with states in North Africa, Mediterranean Europe, and Muslim Southwest Asia.

Which of the following is an argument in the second paragraph of the inscription regarding King Adityawarman...

His spiritual atrributes and worldly achievements made him a powerful and legitimate ruler. Correct. The second paragraph of the inscription focuses on the king's spiritual attributes and worldly achievements in order to demonstrate his power and legitimacy.

The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers

Prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers. - Correct. Demarest does not state in the passage that Maya rulers prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods.

Which of the following continuities in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 most likely explains the prevalence of Christianity in Ethiopia?

Some African states' religious traditons continued to be influenced by cultural transfers dating back to earlier centuries. - Correct. Ethiopia provides a good example of a cultural continuity—Christianity—being used as the basis for state building in Africa. Christianity became widespread among the Ethiopian population and was adopted by Ethiopian political elites as early as the fourth century c.e. Similar examples of a cultural continuity influencing the development of African states would be the influence of Islam in West African states such as Ghana and Mali and in the Swahili states of East Africa in the period 1200-1450. Islam had been introduced to those regions centuries earlier as well.

Which of the following was a key similarity in the policies of the rulers of African states such as Ethiopia in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

The used religion and laws to bolster their legitimacy. Correct. Like virtually all rulers throughout history, African rulers invoked both religious claims and their role as lawgivers or law enforcers to bolster their political legitimacy. For example, the ambassadors' description of King Zara Yacob indicates that he sought to project and advertise his power in these terms as well.