AP2 LAB: Blood=Exercise 44

___ carry blood away from the blood while ___ return blood to the heart

*Arteries* carry blood away from the blood while *veins* return blood to the heart

*Atrioventricular valves* (AV valves)= tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve= mitral valve (L atrioventricular valve; bicuspid valve)=

*Atrioventricular valves* (AV valves)= located between atria & ventricles tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve=3 cusps mitral valve (L atrioventricular valve; bicuspid valve)=2 cusps

_____ (__ &____) are located between each atrium & ventricle

*Atrioventricular/AV Valves (mitral & Tricuspid)* are located between each atrium & ventricle

*Ventricles*= R ventricle= L ventricle=

*Ventricles*=2 inferior chambers R ventricle= pumps blood into pulmonary circuit L ventricle=pumps blood into systematic circuit; has thicker myocardium than right ventricles

The heart is a muscular pump located within the __ & resting upon the ____

*muscular pump* located within the *mediastinum* & resting upon the *diaphragm*

____ (___ &___) are the exits of the ventricles into 2 large arteries

*semilunar valves (pulmonary & aortic)* are the exits of the ventricles into 2 large arteries

*semilunar valves*= pulmonary valve= aortic valve=

*semilunar valves*=regulate flow into 2 large arteries that exit from ventricles pulmonary valve= 3 pocketlike cusps at entrance of pulmonary valve aortic valve=3 pocketlike cusps at entrance of aorta

The heart consists of 4 chambers: 2 ____ 2____

2 superior atria 2 inferior ventricles

What creates the 'lub' heart sound?

AV valves close

When did you record the 'lub' heart sound?

Around the QRS complex

Arteries of the *pulmonary* circuit contain oxygen___ blood

Arteries of the pulmonary circuit contain oxygen *poor* blood

Arteries of the *systematic* circuit contain oxygen___ blood

Arteries of the systematic system contain oxygen *rich* blood

*Atria*= R atrium= L atrium= auricles=

Atria=2 superior chambers R atrium=receive blood from systematic veins L atrium= receive blood from pulmonary veins auricles=earlike extensions of atria allowing greater expansion for blood volumes

T/F The systemic circuit delivers blood to the lungs and back to the heart.

F=Pulmonary circuit

In the ventricles, the depolarizing phase of the action potential is associated with:

QRS complex

Which component of the ECG coincides with depolarization of the ventricles?

QRS complex

T/F Chordae tendineae connect the cusps of the AV valves to papillary muscles of the ventricles.

T

T/F The right and left coronary arteries containing oxygen-rich blood originate from the base of the aorta.

T

When did you record the 'dup' heart sound?

T Wave

Which component of the ECG coincides with repolarization of the ventricles?

T wave

What is the effect of the ventricle contraction (and the increase in the pressure of the blood in the ventricles) on the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

The AV valves close

What creates the 'dup' heart sound?

The closing of semilunar valves

supplies blood to heart muscles

aorta

The ________ is the inferior end of the heart that is bluntly pointed.

apex

The two superior heart chambers are the

atria.

*Heart* base of heart= apex of heart=

base of heart=superior region where blood vessels emerge apex of heart=inferior, round end

During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract before/after ventricles

before

*Pericaridal Cavity*

between parietal & visceral layers of serous membrane

drains blood from myocardial capillaries

cardiac vein

Myocardium

composed of cardiac muscle tissue

chordae tendinae (tendinous chords)

connect AV valves cusps to papillary muscles

gives rise to L & R pulmonary arteries

coronary artery

drains blood from myocardium into right atrium

coronary sinus

The P-wave in the human electrocardiogram is associated with the ____ of the atria

depolarization

the heart & proximal ends are enclosed by a ____

double-layered pericardium

cardiac veins

drain the myocardium into the coronary sinus; include several main veins

Coronary sulcus (AV sulcus/groove)

encircles heart b/w atria & ventricles

The _______ lines the heart chambers.

endocardium

inner lining of heart chamber

endocardium

*Pericardium (pericardial sac)* fibrous pericardium= serious pericardium: Parietal layer=? & visceral layer (___)

fibrous pericardium=outer layer serious pericardium: Parietal layer=*inner fused lining of fibrous pericaridium* & visceral layer (*epicardium*)

coronary sinus

for return of blood from cardiac veins into the right atrium

interventricular sulci

grooves with blood vessels along septum between ventricles

The heart valves allows the blood to flow....

in one direction

Double Layer Pericaridum inner layer (____)=? outer layer (____)=?

inner layer *(visceral layer of serous pericardium)=thin covering closely applied to the surface of the heart* outer layer (parietal layer of serous pericardium w/ fibrous pericardium)=tough, protective sac around the heart

what 2 things prevent oxygen rich blood mixing with the chambers?

interatrial/interventricular septum

Oxygen-rich blood is located in the

left-side chambers.

endocardium

lines heart chambers

The heart is enclosed by the 3

lungs thoracic vertebrae sternum

pulmonary arteries

main arteries to lungs

pulmonary trunk

main artery of pulmonary circuit

aorta

main artery of systematic circuit

Which heart valve has two cusps instead of three cusps?

mitral

Which of the following is an atrioventricular (AV) valve?

mitral

prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium

mitral valve

layer largely composed of cardiac muscle tissue

myocardium

Atrioventricular orifices

openings b/w atria & ventricles guarded by AV valves

left/right coronary artery

originates from base of aorta; has 2 main branches

structure from where the chordea tendinea originate

papillary muscle

space containing serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats

pericardial cavity

b/w the parietal & visceral later of the pericardium...

pericardial cavity that contains a small volume of serous (pericardial) fluid

membranes around heart

pericardial sac

What happens to the pressure of the blood in the ventricle when the ventricle myocardium relaxes?

pressure decreases

Papillary muscles

projections from inferior ventricles; anchor AV valve cusps during ventricular contraction

distributes blood to body organs (systematic circuit) except lungs

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary veins

return blood from pulmonary circuit into left atrium

inferior vena cava

returns blood to the right atrium from *inferior* part of the systematic circuit

superior vena cava

returns blood to the right atrium from *superior* part of the systematic circuit

What is the effect of the ventricle relaxation (and the decrease in the pressure of the blood in the ventricles) on the semilunar valves?

semilunar valves close

What happens to the pressure of the blood in the ventricle when the ventricle myocardium contracts?

the pressure increases

prevents blood movement from right ventricle to right atrium

tricuspid valve

The AV valves close and produce the 'lub' sound when

ventricles contract

The semilunar valves close and produce the "dup" sound when

ventricles relax