AP2 LAB: Blood=Exercise 44
___ carry blood away from the blood while ___ return blood to the heart
*Arteries* carry blood away from the blood while *veins* return blood to the heart
*Atrioventricular valves* (AV valves)= tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve= mitral valve (L atrioventricular valve; bicuspid valve)=
*Atrioventricular valves* (AV valves)= located between atria & ventricles tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve=3 cusps mitral valve (L atrioventricular valve; bicuspid valve)=2 cusps
_____ (__ &____) are located between each atrium & ventricle
*Atrioventricular/AV Valves (mitral & Tricuspid)* are located between each atrium & ventricle
*Ventricles*= R ventricle= L ventricle=
*Ventricles*=2 inferior chambers R ventricle= pumps blood into pulmonary circuit L ventricle=pumps blood into systematic circuit; has thicker myocardium than right ventricles
The heart is a muscular pump located within the __ & resting upon the ____
*muscular pump* located within the *mediastinum* & resting upon the *diaphragm*
____ (___ &___) are the exits of the ventricles into 2 large arteries
*semilunar valves (pulmonary & aortic)* are the exits of the ventricles into 2 large arteries
*semilunar valves*= pulmonary valve= aortic valve=
*semilunar valves*=regulate flow into 2 large arteries that exit from ventricles pulmonary valve= 3 pocketlike cusps at entrance of pulmonary valve aortic valve=3 pocketlike cusps at entrance of aorta
The heart consists of 4 chambers: 2 ____ 2____
2 superior atria 2 inferior ventricles
What creates the 'lub' heart sound?
AV valves close
When did you record the 'lub' heart sound?
Around the QRS complex
Arteries of the *pulmonary* circuit contain oxygen___ blood
Arteries of the pulmonary circuit contain oxygen *poor* blood
Arteries of the *systematic* circuit contain oxygen___ blood
Arteries of the systematic system contain oxygen *rich* blood
*Atria*= R atrium= L atrium= auricles=
Atria=2 superior chambers R atrium=receive blood from systematic veins L atrium= receive blood from pulmonary veins auricles=earlike extensions of atria allowing greater expansion for blood volumes
T/F The systemic circuit delivers blood to the lungs and back to the heart.
F=Pulmonary circuit
In the ventricles, the depolarizing phase of the action potential is associated with:
QRS complex
Which component of the ECG coincides with depolarization of the ventricles?
QRS complex
T/F Chordae tendineae connect the cusps of the AV valves to papillary muscles of the ventricles.
T
T/F The right and left coronary arteries containing oxygen-rich blood originate from the base of the aorta.
T
When did you record the 'dup' heart sound?
T Wave
Which component of the ECG coincides with repolarization of the ventricles?
T wave
What is the effect of the ventricle contraction (and the increase in the pressure of the blood in the ventricles) on the atrioventricular (AV) valves?
The AV valves close
What creates the 'dup' heart sound?
The closing of semilunar valves
supplies blood to heart muscles
aorta
The ________ is the inferior end of the heart that is bluntly pointed.
apex
The two superior heart chambers are the
atria.
*Heart* base of heart= apex of heart=
base of heart=superior region where blood vessels emerge apex of heart=inferior, round end
During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract before/after ventricles
before
*Pericaridal Cavity*
between parietal & visceral layers of serous membrane
drains blood from myocardial capillaries
cardiac vein
Myocardium
composed of cardiac muscle tissue
chordae tendinae (tendinous chords)
connect AV valves cusps to papillary muscles
gives rise to L & R pulmonary arteries
coronary artery
drains blood from myocardium into right atrium
coronary sinus
The P-wave in the human electrocardiogram is associated with the ____ of the atria
depolarization
the heart & proximal ends are enclosed by a ____
double-layered pericardium
cardiac veins
drain the myocardium into the coronary sinus; include several main veins
Coronary sulcus (AV sulcus/groove)
encircles heart b/w atria & ventricles
The _______ lines the heart chambers.
endocardium
inner lining of heart chamber
endocardium
*Pericardium (pericardial sac)* fibrous pericardium= serious pericardium: Parietal layer=? & visceral layer (___)
fibrous pericardium=outer layer serious pericardium: Parietal layer=*inner fused lining of fibrous pericaridium* & visceral layer (*epicardium*)
coronary sinus
for return of blood from cardiac veins into the right atrium
interventricular sulci
grooves with blood vessels along septum between ventricles
The heart valves allows the blood to flow....
in one direction
Double Layer Pericaridum inner layer (____)=? outer layer (____)=?
inner layer *(visceral layer of serous pericardium)=thin covering closely applied to the surface of the heart* outer layer (parietal layer of serous pericardium w/ fibrous pericardium)=tough, protective sac around the heart
what 2 things prevent oxygen rich blood mixing with the chambers?
interatrial/interventricular septum
Oxygen-rich blood is located in the
left-side chambers.
endocardium
lines heart chambers
The heart is enclosed by the 3
lungs thoracic vertebrae sternum
pulmonary arteries
main arteries to lungs
pulmonary trunk
main artery of pulmonary circuit
aorta
main artery of systematic circuit
Which heart valve has two cusps instead of three cusps?
mitral
Which of the following is an atrioventricular (AV) valve?
mitral
prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium
mitral valve
layer largely composed of cardiac muscle tissue
myocardium
Atrioventricular orifices
openings b/w atria & ventricles guarded by AV valves
left/right coronary artery
originates from base of aorta; has 2 main branches
structure from where the chordea tendinea originate
papillary muscle
space containing serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats
pericardial cavity
b/w the parietal & visceral later of the pericardium...
pericardial cavity that contains a small volume of serous (pericardial) fluid
membranes around heart
pericardial sac
What happens to the pressure of the blood in the ventricle when the ventricle myocardium relaxes?
pressure decreases
Papillary muscles
projections from inferior ventricles; anchor AV valve cusps during ventricular contraction
distributes blood to body organs (systematic circuit) except lungs
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary veins
return blood from pulmonary circuit into left atrium
inferior vena cava
returns blood to the right atrium from *inferior* part of the systematic circuit
superior vena cava
returns blood to the right atrium from *superior* part of the systematic circuit
What is the effect of the ventricle relaxation (and the decrease in the pressure of the blood in the ventricles) on the semilunar valves?
semilunar valves close
What happens to the pressure of the blood in the ventricle when the ventricle myocardium contracts?
the pressure increases
prevents blood movement from right ventricle to right atrium
tricuspid valve
The AV valves close and produce the 'lub' sound when
ventricles contract
The semilunar valves close and produce the "dup" sound when
ventricles relax
