APCS 6th Josie

Gas attractive forces

(Forces that hold particles of matter together) moves faster than solids and liquid.

pH scale ranges from

0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic)

Freezing point of water

0 degrees Celsius and 32 degrees Fahrenheit; temperature at which liquid turns to solid.

melting point of water

0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit

boiling point of water

100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit, 373 Kelvin

Non-Newtonian Fluid

A form of matter that will turn into a solid when pressure is exerted on it, and will turn into a liquid when little or no pressure is exerted on it.

Temperature

A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of particles in a material affecting the motion of the particles of a substance.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of motion of the particles in a material or of a substance.

Neutralization

A reaction between an acid and a base

Solids

A state of matter in which the object has a definite shape and volume.

liquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.

Ammonia, acid or base?

Base because it has a pH of about 11 (drain cleaners).

Methane

CH4, A gas produced by bacteria from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Cobalt (II)

Co+2, metals, blue

Copper (II)

Cu+2, metals, green

rust

Fe2O3

Fr

Francium, most reactive on periodic table and made in France, it's a metal

deposition example

Frost (ice crystals) that forms on grass over night in the Fall and Spring, snow, waves dropping sand on beach.

Indicators of chemical change

Gas produced, precipitation formed, heat change, & significant weight change

flammable examples?

Hydrogen, methane, and paper; as they easily catch fire.

attractive forces (solid)

In a solid because it is Forces that hold particles of matter together.

chemical properties of acid and bases?

Litmus paper and red-cabbage juice are called indicators because they change colors when mixed with acid and bases.

examples of sublimation

Mothballs and dry ice, iodine, frozen CO2, Antarctica

Neon

Ne 10, any color, depending on filter of the tube it's placed in a d it's a gas

Phosphorus

P 15

Vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Motion

The particles that make up matter are always in ______. each particle is also attracted to other particles.

Condensation

This happens when several gas molecules comes together and forms a liquid and it happens because of loss of energy; they slow down, collect into one drop, meaning water vapor forms to steam, hits a surface such as (metal lid) when boiling a pot of water, it cools on metal surface, and becomes a liquid again. Meaning you now have _________.

base litmus paper

Turns red litmus paper blue and they release hydroxide ions in a solution.

Humans are

We are solid, liquid and gas.

solid, liquid, gas

What are the 3 common states of matter?

water and salt

What is made when acids and bases are mixed, causing a process called neutralization.

Bose-Einstien condensate (BEC)

What is very cold and called a super atom? Made in a scientist's laboratory.

What is boiling point?

When a liquid absorbs enough energy to reach its boiling point, it changes to a gas.

Methane (CH4)

a colourless, odourless greenhouse gas that occurs both naturally and as a result of people's activities. Methane is produced by the decay of plants, animals, and waste, as well as other processes. C in middle with H on each North, South, East and West sides and oxygen (O2) makes it very reactive and it's a gas

Gas

a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape

Oobleck

a substance that acts like a liquid, and can be poured, but that acts like a solid when you apply force to it by pushing it or squeezing it (non-Newtonian fluid)

Blue litmus paper turns red or pink.

acid because it releases Hydrogen ions in a solution.

Particles in a liquid

are free to move around one another but still touch. Meaning particles in liquid and gas move more than particles that make up solids.

Solid forces

attractive forces between particles of solids are very strong. particles vibrate back and forth but stay in relatively fixed positions.

Red litmus paper turns blue

base

what are types of vaporization?

boiling and evaporation

liquid and gases

both have no permanent shape, both are liquid and both of their particles move more than the solids particles.

Particles in a liquid

can flow past each other and are free to move around one another but still touch.

liquid to gas

caused by adding energy to liquid; examples are evaporation/vaporization and boiling

Limestone and acid make what

causes a reaction which is Calcium

Acid and metal and limestones

causes a salt and hydrogen gas reactions )rust

many acids react with _____ and ______

certain metals and limestone

iron oxide

chemical name for rust

the ability to not react with other substances is?

chemical reaction

rust

chemical reaction when oxygen reacts to iron, it forms this which is also called iron oxide.

Indicators of chemical change include...

colour change gases produced (eg. bubbles in liquid, smoke) wastes created (eg. precipitates) temperature change (exothermic, endothermic)

When gas cools and becomes a liquid it _____________.

condenses

gases do not have

definite shape or volume.

kinetic energy

energy of motion

Liquid becomes gas

evaporation, vaporization, boiling point. when liquid absorbs enough energy it becomes_____.

gas particles

far apart; they spread out and have a lot of empty space between them.

gas particles

fills in a given space; particles move around freely, far apart, not touching one another

examples of chemical property

flammable, combustible, may react to light, reactivity and rust and even when a substances doesn't react with another substance

liquid to solid

freezing, because it looses enough energy

Deposistion

gas to solid. skips the liquid phase: example- snow

Indicators of a chemical reaction

heat and light evolution of gas change in color change in smell precipitate

gas kinetic energy

highest, most movement- more than liquid which moves medium and solid which has low movement (kinetic energy)

Reactivity

how easily one substance reacts with another substance is called ______.

what's chemical properties?

in addition to physical properties, substances have ______ ________ that describe how a substance reacts with other substances.

attractive forces

in liquids (Forces that hold particles of matter together) moves medium; more than solid but not as fast as gas

solid kinetic energy

low movement; is lowered in solids

Gas at constant pressure and cooled

molecules move more slowly and it's volume will decrease.

solid particles

particles are tightly packed, vibrant in place, can't move

liquid particles

particles flow and are not as tightly packed as solid particles, moderately moving and can slide past each other

What are chemical properties?

properties that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance or substance has chemical properties that describe how a substance reacts with other substances

theoretical

restricted to ideas; abstract or unproven theory such as BEC

pH scale

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure Hydrogen ii system ; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is base

Bases feel

slippery, soapy to touch because they react with proteins in our skin

Examples of reactivity

sodium is a substance that reacts strongly with water.

liquid kinetic energy

some, more than solid, particles move with more speed- medium movement

Flammability

the ability to burn or catch fire

neutralization reaction

the acid and bases cancel each other out and the reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt

particles of solids

the attractive forces between particles of solids are very strong. The particles vibrate back and forth but stay relatively in fixed position. Plus, they Are close together. They have a fixed arrangement - so the shape of a solid stays the same. When they are heated they gain kinetic energy and vibrate more frequently. They pass on these vibrations to neighboring particles. Metals are good conductors because they contain free electrons.

stomach acidity

the low pH of about 2, so it is an acid, the stomach acid helps destroy pathogens

cooled matter

the particles move closer together and slower, the matter contracts (tightens, gets closer)

heated matter

the particles move farther apart and faster, the matter expands

Sublimation

the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas- meaning it skips the liquid phase

Phosphorus containing aubstances

the substance placed on matches top/head help to ignite the match.

what is melting point?

the temperature at which a substance, solid changes to a liquid or from a solid to a liquid.

What is air pressure?

the weight of air. when a gas is cooled at constant pressure, it's molecules move more slowly and it's volume will decrease.

Temperature of matter

thermal energy

Matter particles

they are always in motion. each particle is also attracted to other particles.

Particles in a gas

travel in straight-line paths until they collide with other objects. these particles also move more than the particles that make up solids, too, like liquids.

Lightening, stars(is the best one), welding arc, fluorescent lighting, storm

what are examples of BEC- Bose Einstein Condensate?

BEC

what is a state of matter that takes up 99.9% of universe.

What is air pressure?

when a gas is cooled at a constant pressure, it ta molecules move more slowly and it's volume decreases

liquid changes to gas

when a liquid absorbs enough energy to reach its boiling point, it will change to this.

when does liquid become solid?

when it loses enough energy

BEC are total opposite when?

when plasmas are super hot and super excited atoms; the ___________; because they are super in excited and super cold atoms.

when does matter change states?

when the melting point of a substance is same temperature as it's freezing point.