APCS 6th Josie
Gas attractive forces
(Forces that hold particles of matter together) moves faster than solids and liquid.
pH scale ranges from
0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic)
Freezing point of water
0 degrees Celsius and 32 degrees Fahrenheit; temperature at which liquid turns to solid.
melting point of water
0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit
boiling point of water
100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit, 373 Kelvin
Non-Newtonian Fluid
A form of matter that will turn into a solid when pressure is exerted on it, and will turn into a liquid when little or no pressure is exerted on it.
Temperature
A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of particles in a material affecting the motion of the particles of a substance.
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of motion of the particles in a material or of a substance.
Neutralization
A reaction between an acid and a base
Solids
A state of matter in which the object has a definite shape and volume.
liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Ammonia, acid or base?
Base because it has a pH of about 11 (drain cleaners).
Methane
CH4, A gas produced by bacteria from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Cobalt (II)
Co+2, metals, blue
Copper (II)
Cu+2, metals, green
rust
Fe2O3
Fr
Francium, most reactive on periodic table and made in France, it's a metal
deposition example
Frost (ice crystals) that forms on grass over night in the Fall and Spring, snow, waves dropping sand on beach.
Indicators of chemical change
Gas produced, precipitation formed, heat change, & significant weight change
flammable examples?
Hydrogen, methane, and paper; as they easily catch fire.
attractive forces (solid)
In a solid because it is Forces that hold particles of matter together.
chemical properties of acid and bases?
Litmus paper and red-cabbage juice are called indicators because they change colors when mixed with acid and bases.
examples of sublimation
Mothballs and dry ice, iodine, frozen CO2, Antarctica
Neon
Ne 10, any color, depending on filter of the tube it's placed in a d it's a gas
Phosphorus
P 15
Vaporization
The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Motion
The particles that make up matter are always in ______. each particle is also attracted to other particles.
Condensation
This happens when several gas molecules comes together and forms a liquid and it happens because of loss of energy; they slow down, collect into one drop, meaning water vapor forms to steam, hits a surface such as (metal lid) when boiling a pot of water, it cools on metal surface, and becomes a liquid again. Meaning you now have _________.
base litmus paper
Turns red litmus paper blue and they release hydroxide ions in a solution.
Humans are
We are solid, liquid and gas.
solid, liquid, gas
What are the 3 common states of matter?
water and salt
What is made when acids and bases are mixed, causing a process called neutralization.
Bose-Einstien condensate (BEC)
What is very cold and called a super atom? Made in a scientist's laboratory.
What is boiling point?
When a liquid absorbs enough energy to reach its boiling point, it changes to a gas.
Methane (CH4)
a colourless, odourless greenhouse gas that occurs both naturally and as a result of people's activities. Methane is produced by the decay of plants, animals, and waste, as well as other processes. C in middle with H on each North, South, East and West sides and oxygen (O2) makes it very reactive and it's a gas
Gas
a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
Oobleck
a substance that acts like a liquid, and can be poured, but that acts like a solid when you apply force to it by pushing it or squeezing it (non-Newtonian fluid)
Blue litmus paper turns red or pink.
acid because it releases Hydrogen ions in a solution.
Particles in a liquid
are free to move around one another but still touch. Meaning particles in liquid and gas move more than particles that make up solids.
Solid forces
attractive forces between particles of solids are very strong. particles vibrate back and forth but stay in relatively fixed positions.
Red litmus paper turns blue
base
what are types of vaporization?
boiling and evaporation
liquid and gases
both have no permanent shape, both are liquid and both of their particles move more than the solids particles.
Particles in a liquid
can flow past each other and are free to move around one another but still touch.
liquid to gas
caused by adding energy to liquid; examples are evaporation/vaporization and boiling
Limestone and acid make what
causes a reaction which is Calcium
Acid and metal and limestones
causes a salt and hydrogen gas reactions )rust
many acids react with _____ and ______
certain metals and limestone
iron oxide
chemical name for rust
the ability to not react with other substances is?
chemical reaction
rust
chemical reaction when oxygen reacts to iron, it forms this which is also called iron oxide.
Indicators of chemical change include...
colour change gases produced (eg. bubbles in liquid, smoke) wastes created (eg. precipitates) temperature change (exothermic, endothermic)
When gas cools and becomes a liquid it _____________.
condenses
gases do not have
definite shape or volume.
kinetic energy
energy of motion
Liquid becomes gas
evaporation, vaporization, boiling point. when liquid absorbs enough energy it becomes_____.
gas particles
far apart; they spread out and have a lot of empty space between them.
gas particles
fills in a given space; particles move around freely, far apart, not touching one another
examples of chemical property
flammable, combustible, may react to light, reactivity and rust and even when a substances doesn't react with another substance
liquid to solid
freezing, because it looses enough energy
Deposistion
gas to solid. skips the liquid phase: example- snow
Indicators of a chemical reaction
heat and light evolution of gas change in color change in smell precipitate
gas kinetic energy
highest, most movement- more than liquid which moves medium and solid which has low movement (kinetic energy)
Reactivity
how easily one substance reacts with another substance is called ______.
what's chemical properties?
in addition to physical properties, substances have ______ ________ that describe how a substance reacts with other substances.
attractive forces
in liquids (Forces that hold particles of matter together) moves medium; more than solid but not as fast as gas
solid kinetic energy
low movement; is lowered in solids
Gas at constant pressure and cooled
molecules move more slowly and it's volume will decrease.
solid particles
particles are tightly packed, vibrant in place, can't move
liquid particles
particles flow and are not as tightly packed as solid particles, moderately moving and can slide past each other
What are chemical properties?
properties that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance or substance has chemical properties that describe how a substance reacts with other substances
theoretical
restricted to ideas; abstract or unproven theory such as BEC
pH scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure Hydrogen ii system ; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is base
Bases feel
slippery, soapy to touch because they react with proteins in our skin
Examples of reactivity
sodium is a substance that reacts strongly with water.
liquid kinetic energy
some, more than solid, particles move with more speed- medium movement
Flammability
the ability to burn or catch fire
neutralization reaction
the acid and bases cancel each other out and the reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt
particles of solids
the attractive forces between particles of solids are very strong. The particles vibrate back and forth but stay relatively in fixed position. Plus, they Are close together. They have a fixed arrangement - so the shape of a solid stays the same. When they are heated they gain kinetic energy and vibrate more frequently. They pass on these vibrations to neighboring particles. Metals are good conductors because they contain free electrons.
stomach acidity
the low pH of about 2, so it is an acid, the stomach acid helps destroy pathogens
cooled matter
the particles move closer together and slower, the matter contracts (tightens, gets closer)
heated matter
the particles move farther apart and faster, the matter expands
Sublimation
the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas- meaning it skips the liquid phase
Phosphorus containing aubstances
the substance placed on matches top/head help to ignite the match.
what is melting point?
the temperature at which a substance, solid changes to a liquid or from a solid to a liquid.
What is air pressure?
the weight of air. when a gas is cooled at constant pressure, it's molecules move more slowly and it's volume will decrease.
Temperature of matter
thermal energy
Matter particles
they are always in motion. each particle is also attracted to other particles.
Particles in a gas
travel in straight-line paths until they collide with other objects. these particles also move more than the particles that make up solids, too, like liquids.
Lightening, stars(is the best one), welding arc, fluorescent lighting, storm
what are examples of BEC- Bose Einstein Condensate?
BEC
what is a state of matter that takes up 99.9% of universe.
What is air pressure?
when a gas is cooled at a constant pressure, it ta molecules move more slowly and it's volume decreases
liquid changes to gas
when a liquid absorbs enough energy to reach its boiling point, it will change to this.
when does liquid become solid?
when it loses enough energy
BEC are total opposite when?
when plasmas are super hot and super excited atoms; the ___________; because they are super in excited and super cold atoms.
when does matter change states?
when the melting point of a substance is same temperature as it's freezing point.