APES 17-22

What is the current percentage of land used by humans for agriculture?

38%

According to recent climate projections, how is Amazonia likely to be affected by deforestation? 1) rainfall will decrease 2) temperatures will increase due to a negative feedback loop between forest cover, drought, and air temperature 3) drought frequency could increase forest loss 4) all of these

Both 1 and 3

The policy of no net loss of wetlands in the U.S. is only partially successful because: 1) wetland dynamics are not totally understood; reconstructed wetlands do not always provide the essential elements necessary to attract the species of the original habita 2) wetlands developed for the drinking water supply do not have to be replaced; this contributes to overall net loss of wetland 3) there is no routine tracking of compliance to document success 4) the definition of wetland was broadened by Congress, adding marginal wetlands in addition to swamps and marshes

Both 1 and 3

Which of the following is a false statement?

Commercial extinction is permanent.

Which of the following national parks preserves the largest remaining intact Difficultwood bottomland forest in the U.S.?

Congaree

What two new U.S. national parks were founded in 2003 and 2004?

Congaree and sand dunes

Which of the following federal agencies is not charged with the managing of federally owned lands?

Department of Commerce

Which of the following includes a provision to protect and restore freshwater wetlands?

Food Security Act

Which organization is a provision of the 1990 Farm Bill which helps landowners protect environmentally important forestlands from development?

Forest Legacy Program

Which of the following is not one of the top 5 countries with the greatest tree harvests?

Germany

The policy that provides a landowner to "take" a rare species if it does not threaten the survival or recovery of the endangered or threatened species on their particular property is the:

Habitat Conservation Plan

Declining biological diversity in the U.S. is most serious in:

Hawaii (63% of species are at risk) and California (29% of species are at risk)

Which of the following is a true statement about conservation of tigers in India?

Tigers are usually solitary animals that require large areas to obtain prey.

Which of the following statements about Tongass National Forest is false?

Tongass is a prime logging area because it was clear-cut in the early 1900s and has now fully re-grown.

Which of the following is a true statement?

Very few species have been evaluated for their economic (i.e., medical, agricultural, industrial) potential.

Boreal forests:

all of these

Endemic species:

all of these

Which of the following have been linked to the dramatic global decline of amphibian populations?

all of these

Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology?

all of these

Biodiversity hotspots:

are home to nearly 20% of the world's population

Which of the following statements about forest ownership in the United States is true?

Private individuals own the majority of the forests.

Which of the following statements is not true about public planning of land use?

Public planning is concerned primarily with immediate effects.

Which of the following statements about rangelands is true?

Rangelands have native grasses with fibrous root systems that can survive extended periods of drought.

The practice of conservation biology uses information about all of the following variables except:

economic value of biological resources

Which of the following is not a threat to national parks?

ecosystem services

Which of the following is not a disadvantage associated with seed banks?

embryo transfer is ineffective in plants because it has a very low success rate

One of the controversies associated with the Endangered Species Act is that it:

focuses on saving a few popular species rather than the larger number of less glamorous species

Tropical dry forests are being destroyed largely due to demand for:

fuel

The Wilderness Act of 1964:

gives designated wilderness areas the highest protection of any public lands

Assisted colonization is being proposed as a method to prevent species extinction in response to what environmental threat?

global climate change

Which of the following is not a commercial product of freshwater wetlands?

grapes

The global ban on commercial whaling:

has allowed many populations of whales to recover

Snow geese:

have destroyed much of the Arctic's fragile coastal ecosystem due to increased foraging

Insects are an important biological resource because they:

help control weeds and insect pests

The countries of Indonesia and the Philippines have which of the following in common?

high rates of deforestation

Which of the following is not characteristic of species that are vulnerable to extinction?

high reproductive rates

Most species facing extinction today are threatened because of:

human activity

In situ conservation occurs:

in parks and reserves

Which of the following has been especially successful in educating policymakers and the public about the importance of biological diversity?

international conservation organizations

Subsistence agriculture:

is where a family produces just enough food to feed itself

Which of the following is not an ecosystem service performed by rural lands?

leaching of mineral nutrients

The current conflict between humans and elephants is based on:

loss of habitat

Forests:

maintain watersheds

Which of the following affects organisms even in undisturbed, natural ecosystems?

maintaining genetic diversity in a crop plant

Deforestation is linked to all of the following except:

decreased surface water flow into streams and rivers

Before attempting a reintroduction of captive-bred animals into the wild, biologists must

determine what factors originally caused the species to become endangered

Bacteria and fungi are important to humans because they:

provide foods and antibiotics

Forests play an important role in the hydrologic cycle by:

recycling 75% of precipitation to the atmosphere by transpiration and evaporation

All of the following are benefits of coastal wetlands except:

reduced impact of ozone depletion

All of the following are benefits of coastal wetlands except:

reducing the impact of ozone depletion

Which of the following is a mismatch between the animal poached and the highly valued black-market product?

rhinoceros - liver

The removal of all mature trees in an area over an extended period of time is known as:

shelterwood cutting

An ecological simplification in which only one type of plant is cultivated over a large area is called a:

single species standard

One problem with protecting vulnerable habitat areas as a means of conserving species richness is:

that multiple uses of the area sometimes conflict with the goal of preserving species

The controversy involving the decline of white pine trees (source of a major part of the grizzly bears' diet) is based on:

the provision of the Wilderness Act that intentional ecological management will be avoided

An example of an invasive species is:

the water hyacinth

Which of the following represents an unsuccessful captive-breeding and reintroduction program?

thick-billed parrots

Most of the federally owned land in the United States is located in:

Alaska and 11 western states

Which of the following is an example of a species that was threatened historically due to overexploitation?

American Bison

Which of the following statements about tropical rain forests is false?

Approximately 1% of tropical rain forests are being cleared or degraded every decade.

According to the Defenders of Wildlife, the top three most endangered ecosystems in the U.S. include:

South Florida landscape, Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest, and longleaf pine forests and savannas

Which of the following statements is true?

Temperate forests in the eastern United States are holding steady or even expanding.

Which of the following statements regarding trees and climate change is true?

The process of photosynthesis removes greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

The National Wildlife Refuge System was established by which President of the United States?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which of the following statements is true?

There is at least one wildlife refuge is each of the 50 states.

The continuous, low-level extinction of species that has occurred throughout the history of life on Earth is known as:

background extinction

Poaching has led to the decline of all of the following species except:

black-footed ferrets

Which of the following is a direct cause of deforestation?

both insects and diseases

Which of the following is an example of biotic pollution?

brown tree snake in Guam

Public rangelands in the United States:

can be used for grazing private livestock for a fee if you have a permit

Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:

citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations

During the 19th and 20th centuries, many whale populations suffered:

commercial extinction

The introduction of a foreign species onto an island is an example of:

commercial harvest

What prompted the 88th Congress to implement the Wilderness Act of 1964?

concern that human population expansion could drastically reduce the amount of land remaining in pristine condition

Which of the following is not a method currently used to harvest trees?

none of these

Which organization(s) helped preserve Congaree National Park over the years?

none of these

Genetic resources are important for the development of all of the following except:

none of these, genetic resources are important for the development of all of these

Deformities in amphibians include all of the following except:

none, all are deformities

Which of the following characteristics is known to make a species more vulnerable to extinction?

occupying a small (localized) range

Habitat corridors are intended to provide:

opportunities for larger animals to establish larger territories

What is the relationship of overgrazing to desertification?

overgrazing results in barren exposed soil; if erosion continues, it contributes to desertification

Which of the following medicinal plants is correctly matched with its benefit to humans?

periwinkle: cancer therapy

The purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to:

preserve lands and waters for the conservation of wildlife

All of the following are ecological benefits of habitat corridors except:

preventing the spread of disease among populations