APES Chapter 5

What is the number or individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations? a. the range if tolerance b. population density c. population control d. the age structure e. the optimum population level

population density

What describes an organism that is too old to reproduce? a. reproductive b. nonreproductive c. postreproductive d. prereproductive e. elderly

postreproductive

What refers t the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to serve disturbance? a. stability b. constancy c. inertia d. resilience e. tipping point

resilience

What is the most common distribution of populations? a. circles b. uniform c. clumped d. random e. none of these

clumped

Emigration is the _______. a. arrival of individuals into an established population b. departure movement of individuals from a population to another area c. lack of immigration into an area d. repeated movement into and out of an area e. arrival movement of individuals into an uninhabited area

departure movement of individuals from a population to another

The ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances is called ______. a. constancy b. tipping point c. stability d. inertia e. resilience

inertia

What occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources? a. predation b. parasitism c. mutualism d. interspecific competition e. commensalism

interspecific competition

What is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism by living on or in the other organism? a. parasitism b. predation c. commensalism d. interspecific competition e. mutualism

parasitism

A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in the same geographic region is called a(n) ______. a. community b. population c. biosphere d. biome e. ecosystem

population

What was the primary reason the southern sea otter nearly went extinct by the early 1900s? a. They scared tourists b. They have thick, luxurious fur c. They were eating all the shellfish d. They raided valuable bird nests e. They were mining the kelp beds

They have thick, luxurious fur.

What would cause a population to overshoot its carrying capacity? a. an increase in emigration b. a reproductive time lag between birth and death rates c. an increase in predators d. a decrease in birth rates e. a decrease in environmental pressures

a reproductive time lag between birth and death rates

What is a population's distribution of individuals among various age groups called? a. genetic structure b. reproductive composition c. age structure d. reproductive structure e. age composition

age structure

The primary reason why the sea otter recovery is important is because they______. a. are a keystone species b. encourage tourism c. are educational d. eliminate common pests e. have luxurious, thick fur

are a keystone species

Most ecologists now recognize that matter, late-succession ecosystems ______. a. are in natural balance with their environment b. are in stable state of equilibrium c. have followed an expected path to their stable state as a climax community d. are in a state of continual disturbance and change e. have inevitably progressed through succession and no longer face competition

are in a state of continual disturbance and change

Some species that tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with long life spans a. have high population growth rates b. have low environmental resistance c. have high environmental resistance d. are vulnerable to extinction e. are unlikely to ever face extinction

are vulnerable to extinction

The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely is the definition of a. carrying capacity b. environmental resistance c. biotic potential d. exponential growth e. logistic growth

carrying capacity

When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. What is this called? a. commensalism b. coevolution c. predation d. coincidence e. competiton

coevolution

What occurs when an interaction benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other? a. commensalism b. predation c. mutualism d. interspecific competition e. parasitism

commensalism

What is the most common interaction between species? a. competition b. commensalism c. predation d. mutualism e. parasitism

competition

Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests by attaching to the trunks or branches of the trees. The bromeliads are an example of ______. a. parasites b. opportunistic parasites c. epiphytes d. prey e. herbivores

epiphytes

When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time, the data yield a j-shaped curve. What does this curve indicate? a. carrying capacity b. environmental resistance c. exponential growth d. biotic potential e. logistic growth

exponential growth

The situation in which one set of species makes an area suitable for species with different niche requirements and often, less suitable for itself, is called ______. a. primary succession b. secondary succession c. facilitation d. inhibition e. tolerance

facilitation

Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions. What is this ecological principle? a. tolerance b. persistence c. resilience d. optimal level e. limiting factor

limiting factor

Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size stabilizes is typical of ______. a. biotic potential b. exponential growth c. logistic growth d. carrying capacity e. environmental resistance

logistic growth

When two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with food, shelter, or some other resource, it is called ______. a. coevolution b. mutualism c. mimicry d. commensalism e. parasitism

mutualism

If multiple species find themselves competing for the same resource, the competition can be reduced by which of the following? a. resource expansion b. camouflage c. cooperation d. mimicry e. resource partitioning

resource partitioning

What is succession that begins in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed, and that contains soil or bottom sediment? a. ecological establishment b. primary succession c. disturbance succession d. secondary succession e. facilitation

secondary succession

Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp forests are threatened by all of the following except _____. a. water pollution containing herbicides b. global warning c. sea urchins d. southern sea otters e. water pollution containing fertilizers

southern sea otters

Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession because they are not in direct competition for resources, a factor called _____. a. facilitation b. inhibition c. imperturbability d. tolerance e. intolerance

tolerance

The non-poisonous ______ butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad-tasting ______ butterfly, which is a protective device known as _______. a. viceroy; monarch; camouflage b. viceroy; zebra swallowtail; mimicry c. monarch; zebra swallowtail; camouflage d. monarch; viceroy; camouflage e. viceroy; monarch; mimicry

viceroy; zebra swallowtail; mimicry