APES Multiple Choice

A decomposer would recycle nutrients back to a a. Producer b. Secondary consumer c. Tertiary consumer d. Primary consumer

a

Global warming has been linked to humans altering which cycle mainly? a. Nitrogen cycle b. Carbon cycle c. Water cycle d. Sulfur cycle

a

In which stage of the nitrogen cycle do soil bacteria convert ammonium ions (NH4) into nitrate ions (NO3): a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants? a. Nitrogen fixation b. Nitrification c. Ammonification d. Denitrification

a

The largest amount of energy available in the pyramid is the a. Phytoplankton b. Bass c. Perch d. Water Flea

a

The process by which microbes recycle nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere by using nitrate as a substitute for oxygen is called a. Denitrification b. Nitrogen fixation c. Nitrification d. Ammonification

a

Which of the following trophic levels has the most biomass? a. Producer b. Primary consumer c. Secondary consumer d. Tertiary consumer

a

Cows and other ruminants contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases by releasing a. Oxygen b. Methane c. Hydrogen dioxide d. Phosphorus

b

In 1900, the amount of carbon dioxide gas released into the atmosphere by human activity was estimated to be 250 million metric tons per year. By the year 2000, this amount had increased to just over 350 million metric tons per year. What is the approximate percent increase in carbon dioxide concentration from 1900 to 2000? a. 20% b. 40% c. 80% d. 120%

b

Which major cycle does not contain a gaseous phase? a. Nitrogen cycle b. Phosphorus cycle c. Carbon cycle d. Sulfur cycle

b

Which of the following would be most likely to increase competition among the members of a squirrel population in a given area? a. An increase in the number of hawk predators b. An increase in the reproduction of squirrels c. An increase in temperature d. An increase in the food supply

b

"We can burn coal to produce electricity to operate a refrigerator" is an example of the _________________ and "If we burn coal to produce electricity to operate a refrigerator, we lose a great deal of energy in the form of heat" is an example of the ____________________ a. First law of thermodynamics; first law of thermodynamics b. Second law of thermodynamics; first law of thermodynamics c. First law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics d. First law of thermodynamics, third law of thermodynamics

c

An electrical power plant that uses X joules of energy derived from natural gas can generate a maximum of Y joules of electrical energy within the same amount of time. Which of the following is always true? a. X = Y due to the Law of Conservation of Energy b. X is less than Y due to the First Law of Thermodynamics c. X is greater than Y due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics d. X<Y due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics

c

Butterflies and moths feed on flowers. Butterflies feed during the day, and moths feed at night. This is an example of a. R-strategy b. K-strategy c. Resource partitioning d. Mutualism

c

If you travel south from Canada to Costa Rica, you would pass through many biomes. This change in biomes is mainly the result of a. Altitude b. Human factors c. Increase in temperature and precipitation d. Succession

c

Rank the following biomes in order of most productive to least productive, as measured by biomass produced per acre. I. Desert II. Tropical rain forest III. Tundra IV. Grassland

c

Suppose that the ecological efficiency at each trophic level of a particular ecosystem is 20%. If the green plants of the ecosystem capture 100 units of energy, about ___________ units of energy will be available to support herbivores, and about _____________ units of energy will be available to support primary carnivores. a. 120, 140 b. 20, 2 c. 20, 4 d. 20, 1

c

The densest populations of most organisms that live in the ocean are found near the surface. The most probable explanation is that a. The surface is less polluted b. Salt water has more minerals than fresh water c. The light intensity that reaches the ocean decreases with increasing depth d. The largest primary consumers are found near the surface.

c

Why do nonnative invasive species often become pests? a. They don't have many offspring b. They increase biodiversity c. They can outcompete native species d. They can have many predators that eat them as prey

c

According to the 10% rule, to support 100 pounds of bass requires a. 100 pounds of perch b. 10,000 pounds of perch c. 1,000 pounds of water fleas d. 10,000 pounds of water fleas

d

All of the following are examples of abiotic factors except a. Temperature b. pH c. salinity d. vegetation

d

Carbon dioxide is being added to the Earth's atmosphere in all of the following ways except for a. Combustion of fossil fuels b. Volcanism c. Decomposition d. Photosynthesis

d

The greatest species diversity would be found in a. The pioneer community represented by the lichens and mosses b. The community composed primarily of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and tree seedlings c. The community composed primarily of aspen, black spruce, and jack pine d. The community composed primarily of white spruce, balsam fir, and paper birth

d

The greatest threat to global biodiversity is a. Introduction of invasive species b. Poaching c. Pollution d. Habitat loss

d

Tropical rain forests a. Have deep, nutrient rich soils b. Have deep, nutrient poor soils c. Have shallow, nutrient rich soils d. Have shallow nutrient poor soils

d

What food chain is represented in the diagram? a. water flea- perch-bass - phytoplankon b. phytoplankton-bass-perch-water flea c. phytoplankton-water flea- bass- perch d. phytoplankton-water flea- perch-bass

d