APES test review
8. Which of the following best describes why DDT is classified as a persistent organic pollutant?
(A) DDT is very stable, and as much as 50% of the original concentration can remain in the soil 15 years after the initial application.
36. Alligators in a Florida lake polluted by high levels of dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce. Scientists came to the conclusion that the dioxins were acting as which of the following?
(A) Endocrine disruptors
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of runoff transporting chemicals that are endocrine disruptors to a pond?
(B Increased frequency of birth defects in fish populations in the pond
Which of the following is most likely to be a direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?
(B) Increased susceptibility to plant disease
34.) Examine the graph and choose the letter that corresponds to the EDSO.
(B) Point B on the graph
Farmers need to make many decisions about how they grow their crops. One of these decisions is whether to use synthetic fertilizer or organic fertilizer, such as manure.
(B) synthetic fertilizer remains in the soil longer than organic fertilizer does, reducing the volume needed and, therefore, the cost to the farmer
35. The table below shows the oral LD50 values for various household substances. Based on the LD50 values, which of the following best describes the toxicity level of the houschold substances shown in the table?
(C) Antifreeze is more toxic than aspirin.
Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?
(C) Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round.
Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?
Contamination of surrounding water by organic waste
Farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. Which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?
Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
Which of the following irrigation methods is most likely to result in salinization of the soil, especially if the agricultural fields are located in a warm climate with consistent sunlight?
Furrow irrigation Furrow irrigation is the most likely to result in salinization because it is the least efficient of the methods listed, with about 35% of water lost to evaporation. Evaporation rates would also be faster in a warm area with consistent sunlight.
Mercury concentrations were measured in freshwater shrimp populations in two different ponds, one polluted with mercury and one unpolluted, with a similar food web in each pond. Which of the following best identifies the scientific question that would guide this investigation?
How much mercury accumulates in the tissues of freshwater shrimp living in a polluted pond?
Which of the following best explains how a poet develops resistance to a chemical pesticide?
Natural selection take place
Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in tie loss of
b drip irrigation
Sustainable agricultural practices consist of all of the following except:
d monoculture
Which of the following techniques is a realistic solution for farmers to decrease the amount of sediment runoff into aquatic ecosystems
practicing crop rotation
6.) Based on the diagram above, which of the following best describes why a population in an area that has poor sanitation can be particularly at risk for a cholera outbreak?
(C) The bacterium that causes cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated water or food.
Which of the föllowing describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?
(C) The development of new strains of crops with higher yields
Which of the following is the best description of bioaccumulation?
(C) The transfer of persistent pollutants like PCBs from one generation to the next
The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children
(C) is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass
38. The land on a 100 acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would provide the greatest number of calories for human consumption?
(D) 0 acres for grazing cattle and 100 acres for growing corn
An experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experimental design include which of the following? 1. The control group has neither the seeds nor the ammonium sulfate, IL. The independent variable is the concentration of the ammonium sulfate. III. The dependent variable is the number o! seeds that failed to germinate.
(D) Il and Ill only
West Nile virus was identified in the Western Hemisphere during the summer of 1999 and was associated with human, equine, and avian deaths. This virus is acquired by
(D) being bitten by an infected mosquito
Factors that increase the spread of infectious diseases include all of the following EXCEPT
(D) exposure to neurotoxins, which affect the endocrine system
Which is NOT a benefit of genetically modified organisms in agriculture?
(D) increased biodiversity in food crops
An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the g above. Which of the following is the likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time?
(D) increasing numbers in the survival of resistant insects
39. There was an outbreak of the Ebola Virus in 2015 that began in Sierra Leone and spread quickly throughout the region, eventually making its way to the United States. All of the following are causes of the pandemic except
(D) mosquitoes carrying the virus traveled further due to global climate change
37. Corn can be grown at a rate of 1,000 kcal per hectare, and it takes 20 times more land to produce beef than it does to produce com. Which of the following equations would correctly calculate the amount of land needed to produce 10,000 kcal of beef?
1 hax 20 kcal corn x 10,000 kcal beef 1,000 1 kcal beef kcal corn
The graph below shows the LD50 for two different species of mice after being exposed to a mutagen for 30 days. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following should be used to calculate the difference in LID50 for two different species of mice?
575mg-490mg
1)Which of the following best describes the action of an endocrine disruptor?
B- an endocrine disruptor blocks the receptor protein binding site of a hormone so that the cell cannot receive a signal
The LD50 for arsenic in humans is 13 mg kg. Which of the following approaches should be used to calculate the number of grams of arsenic it would take to reach the LID50 in a 140-pound person? Note: 1 kg = 2.2 pounds]
B.) 140 Ib x 1kg x 13mg x 19 2.2lb 1 kg 1,000 mg
Long-term intensive agriculture that does not add soil amendments such as manure or fertilizer has been shown to decrease soil organic matter content. Which of the following figures best shows this relationship? PICTURE ANSWERS
C
Based on the data provided, which of the following descriptions best identifies the types of farms that are being compared? (A) Farm A is a free-pasture farm for cattle, whereas Farm B is a free-range farm for poultry.
C.) Farm A is a grass-led pasture for beef production, whereas Farm B is a traditional concentrated animal feedlot for cattle.
5.) Carton dioxide equivalent ( CO2e) is used to compare contributions to climate change of various greenhouse gasses. A study at a farm calculated the carbon dioxide equivalent for different production stages for beef and chicken production. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the graph?
C.) Raising beef contributes more to greenhouse gasses than raising chickens does, primarily as a result of fermentation in cows' digestive tracts, which releases methane gas.
Which of the following is most likely to be a direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?
Increased susceptibility to plant disease
Which of the following best explains why top predators can have up to 60 times as much of persistent organic pollutant (POP) as their prey and up to 600 times as much of the pollutant as producers?
POPs accumulate in the body fat of living organisms. POPs increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.
10.)Which of the following best describes a way that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cause harm in the environment?
Persistent organic pollutants are soluble in fat, so they accumulate in an organisms' fatty tissues.
If Student 2 wanted to change his or her footprint to be more similar to that of Student 1, which of the following actions would he or she choose based on the data given in table 1?
Reducing the amount of meat in his or her diet
Which of the following is the primary environmental advantage of no-till agriculture?
The undisturbed soil is less susceptible to erosion.
Scientists studied the effects of three different ways to control household pests. They treated one group of pests with a conventional pesticide spray. A second group was treated using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. A third group received no treatment method at all. The success of each treatment was measured based on the change in the number of pests in the traps over time. Fewer pests caught indicate fewer pests in the area after application of the technique. The results are shown in the graph above.
Use of integrated pest management techniques is the most successful method because the sources for food, water, and shelter for pests are disrupted, leading to a reduced number of pests in the area.