APES Unit 1 Test Review

The following question(s) refer to the following energy efficiencies, expressed percentages. (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1% The maximum efficiency possible in an energy-conversion process that is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics

A. 100%

The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Nitrification (B) Denitrification (C) Assimilation (D) Ammonification (E) Nitrogen fixation Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate.

A. Nitrification

The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration The process in which glucose is synthesized by plants

A. Photosynthesis

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level? A.Spider B. Deer C.Lion D. Hawk E.Snake

B. Deer

The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Nitrification (B) Denitrification (C) Assimilation (D) Ammonification (E) Nitrogen fixation Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2).

B. Denitrification

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics? A.Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form. B.In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another. C.Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body. D.Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases. E.In a reversible process, the entropy of the system is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, the entropy of the system increases.

B. In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another.

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are A. Weathering and erosion B. Photosynthesis and respiration C. Evaporation and transpiration D. Erosion and deposition E. Fixation and denitrification

B. Photosynthesis and respiration

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following? A.The first law of thermodynamics B.The second law of thermodynamics C.The law of conservation of matter D.The process of ecological succession E.Limiting factors in the ecosystem

B. The second law of thermodynamics

Which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests? A. They lack soil horizons. B.They are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed. C. They are similar to soils in grasslands. D. They are well suited for growing a wide variety of crops. E.They are deep and well drained.

B. They are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed.

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called A. Infiltration B.Transpiration C. Sublimation D. Reflection E. Percolation

B. Transpiration

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature? A.Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. B.Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state. C. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans. D.The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees. E.Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks.

C. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.

Photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in Earth's atmosphere? A. CO2 B. H20 (water vapor) C. O2 D. H2 E. N2

C. O2

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year? A.4,000 B.8,000 C.12,000 D.20,000 E.96,000

D. 20,000

The following question(s) refer to the qualities of water samples. Acidity Turbidity Hardness Dissolved oxygen Salinity Decreased by the breakdown of organic waste

D. Dissolved Oxygen

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I.Carbon II.Phosphorus III.Sulfur A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. I and III only E. I, II, and III

D. I and III only

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment? A.Composted manure is added to agricultural soil during spring tilling. B.Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current. C.Plants release O2 into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. D.Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation. E.A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside.

D. Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.

The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following? A. Nitrogen-Rocks, Sulfur-Rocks B. Nitrogen-Rocks, Sulfur-Vegetation C.Nitrogen-Rocks, Sulfur-Atmosphere D.Nitrogen-Atmosphere, Sulfur- rocks E.Nitrogen-Atmosphere, Sulfur-Atmosphere

D. Nitrogen-Atmosphere, Sulfur- rocks

The following question(s) refer to the following countries. (A) Australia (B) Brazil (C) Chile (D) Russia (E) United States of America Country with the largest area of boreal forests

D. Russia

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of A.Primary and secondary succession B.The invasion of exotic species C.an increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation D.an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation E. An increase in the total annual hours of sunlight

D. an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest? A. Canada and the United States B. Eastern and Western Europe C. Russia and China D. Australia and New Zealand E. Brazil and Indonesia

E. Brazil and Indonesia

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity A. A (Africa) B. B (India) C. C (China) D. D (United States) E. E (Brazil)

E. E (Brazil)

The following question(s) refer to the following concepts related to energy (A) Heat flow (B) Kinetic energy (C) Potential energy (D) First law of thermodynamics (E) Second law of thermodynamics An energy transformation occurs and results in increased disorder.

E. Second law of thermodynamics

The following question(s) refer to the following countries. (A) Australia (B) Brazil (C) Chile (D) Russia (E) United States of America Country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest

E. United States of America

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is A. nutrients in soil B. nutrients in vegetation C. primary consumers D. producers E. the Sun

E. the sun

The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following? A. The atmosphere B. Estuaries C. Lakes D. Rivers and streams E. Polar ice caps and glaciers

E.Polar ice caps and glaciers