APES Unit 3 Populations

FRQ - (a) Country X is 95% desert. The government of Country X is concerned about not having enough arable land (land capable of being used to grow crops) in the country to produce the food needed to feed its population without increasing food imports. One government official proposes a project to irrigate large areas of the desert to convert these areas of desert to agricultural fields. (i) Describe one potential benefit of this proposed project. (ii) Describe one potential negative consequence of this proposed project. (b) County X is experiencing rapid population growth. (i) Propose one solution for slowing the population growth rate in Country X. (ii) Explain how the solution in (i) would also address Country X's concern about having enough arable land to feed its population. (c) (i) Calculate the national population growth rate for country X. Show your work. (ii) Using the rule of 70, calculate the doubling time for this population.

-(i) One potential benefit from this proposed project would the irrigation of desert soil turning into fertile lands. In this type of soil, wild plants are able to grow in other than desert plants. This will bring in wildlife not previously able to survive in the desert, but also allow for them to start agriculture. (ii) One potential consequence from this proposed project would the destruction of habitat. Although the desert does not hold as much wildlife as grasslands or places suitable for most species, some species only thrive in hot, dry climates. Therefore, irrigating would destroy their habitat, displacing or killing species and communities that once lived there. This would result in a disruption in the ecosystem without the vital desert plants and animals living there. -B.(i) One solution to slow population growth in Country X would be to start educating women in contraceptives, and also give easy access to them. Not only will this reduce Total Fertility Rate, but also slow or stabilize the exponential growth the country is struggling with. (ii) The slowing of exponential growth can address Country X's concern about having enough arable land to feed its population by allowing them to calculate the amount of land needed with a stable population. If Country X achieves a logistic growth rate, they are able to account for the amount of food needed to feed for each person, relative to each year. This can also reduce excess habitat destruction if they over compensate for their people. -C.(i) 40-24 = 1616/1000 = 0.016 x 100 = 1.6% growth rate (ii) 70/1.6 = 43.75 years = doubling time.

1. Region hit hardest by the HIV/AIDS epidemic 2. Second most populous nation on Earth 3. Author of The Population Bomb 4. TFR is 2.1 in this region 5. This country is now relaxing its one-child policy 6. Published An Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798

1. Africa 2. India 3. Paul R. Ehrlich 4. Latin America and the Caribbean 5. China 6. Thomas Malthus

The world population growth rate is currently approximately ________%.

1.2

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the U.S. were to continue to grow at this rate, what would be the approximate population size of the U.S. in the year 2216?

1.3 billion

If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to ________%.

1.4

Based on the trends shown in the table, in which of the following years was the owl population at carrying capacity?

2015

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the U.S. were to continue to grow at this rate, the population of the U.S. would double around the year ________.

2116

The current global human population is approximately ________.

7.3 billion

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?

A one-child policy enforced through taxation and penalties may have been too successful in controlling population growth.

Which of the following scenarios best describes a density-dependent factor limiting population growth?

A particularly dry summer shrinks and dries up many ponds in central Canada, causing increased aggression and competition for limited nest sites among female common goldeneyes (ducks).

Demographically speaking, the effects of AIDS are most significant because ________.

AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society

Based on current trends and patterns, which of the following statements best predicts how the human population will change over the next 50 years?

As educational and economic opportunities increase for women in less developed countries, both the total fertility rate and the population size will increase.

Which of the following claim best supports the classification of bees as an organism that displays a Type 2 survivorship curve, as shown in the graph above?

Away from the colony, bees experience a constant probability of death per unit time as a foraging species.

Which area on the map has the highest infant mortality rate?

C - Africa

Which area on the map is experiencing the highest population growth rate?

C - Africa

Which area on the map has the highest population density?

E - China

Which of the following best describes a difference between generalist species and specialist species?

Generalists use a large range of resources, while specialists have a limited range of resources they use to survive.

A scientist is studying a biome that experiences large seasonal fluctuations in both temperature and precipitation patterns.

Generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing.

Based on the survivorship curves shown below, which of the following is a possible reason for the change in the shape of the curve from 1900 to 1980? [Image shows a declining line starting at 100% surviving at age 0 to 0% surviving by age 100]

Improvements in health-care services and medical research

A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter ________.

J

All of the following are among the world's top five most populous nations EXCEPT ________.

Japan

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organism that displays a Type 3 survivorship curve, as shown in the graph above?

The organism produces large numbers of offspring every time it reproduces.

Researchers monitored the number of reindeer over time on an island off the coast of Alaska. The reindeer were introduced in year 1, and the population size was counted every 5 years. The data are shown in the table above. Which of the following claims about trends in the population size over time is best supported by the data?

The population exceeded the carrying capacity of the island, which led to a decrease in the population size following extreme resource depletion.

Which of the following can you determine from the figure provided? [2 pyramids of Canada(rectangle) and Nigeria (big base)]

The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.

Which of the following best describes the trends seen in the total fertility rates for the world population from 1950 to the projected rates in 2040 ?

Total fertility rates declined rapidly from 1960 to 2000 because women had children later in life as a result of increased educational opportunities.

Which of the following would best represent a clumped population distribution pattern?

a pod of 40 migrating gray whales in the Bering Sea

When a population approaches its carrying capacity, its resources ________.

become more scarce as population growth rate decreases

Zero population growth occurs in a population when ________.

birth rate equals death rate, and there is no migration

Unregulated populations tend to increase by ________.

exponential growth

Which of the following pairs lists an r-selected organism followed by a K-selected organism?

grasshopper; whale

According to the IPAT model, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

greater use of birth control by most members of a society

The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes ________.

human sensitivity to what needs to be done to protect the environment

High population density can ________.

increase the incidence of disease transmission

If there is ________, a country's population growth rate will increase.

increased immigration

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

increases environmental impact

The transitional stage in the demographic transition model is initiated by ________.

industrialization

Which of the following best illustrates a type I survivorship curve, with higher death rates at older ages?

large mammals such as gorillas

The age structure diagram of Canada suggests that its total fertility rate (TFR) is ________.

less than replacement rate

The carrying capacity is the ________.

maximum sustainable population that a given environment can support

What is the population in Canada likely to experience soon?

more senior citizens

The Cornucopian view held by many economists suggests that resource depletion due to greater numbers of people ________.

poses no problem if new resources can be found to replace depleted ones

Song sparrows are found in a variety of habitats, including marshes, grasslands, agricultural fields, and suburban areas. They feed on a variety of organisms, including beetles, caterpillars, snails, and earthworms. They also consume plants, including different types of grains and berries. The table below summarizes the reproductive data for song sparrows.

r-strategist and generalist

What characteristics do humans share with r-selected species?

rapid population growth that is largely unchecked

Which of the following best describes human population growth from early times to the present day?

slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then rapid growth

Which of the following factors drives TFR down?

social and economic security

Population distribution describes ________.

spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem

In the demographic transition model, a country's highest population growth rate is likely to occur during ________.

stage 2, the transitional stage

The term demographic transition refers to ________.

the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops

Declining population growth rates in developing countries can be partially attributed to ________.

the education of women

At what stage is the U.S. in the demographic transition model?

the postindustrial stage

The figure depicts age structure diagrams for 1970 and 2014. All of the following can be directly inferred from the data shown in the figure EXCEPT ________.

there were more people on the planet in 2014 than in 1970

Populations in which the probability of dying is constant at every age exemplify ________.

type II survivorship