APES Unit 5 Test
The farming of fish such as salmon at aquaculture facilities poses a threat to marine ecosystems because A) the farmed fish can escape and outcompete wild fish for food and territory B) farm-raised salmon often pass on toxic chemicals such as mercury to eagles and other fish-eating birds C) invasive plant species common in aquaculture facilities can spread to nearby waters D) fewer wild fish will be harvested for human consumption
A
Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization? A) Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks B) Filling nearby wetlands to reduce the amount of water in an area C) Encouraging construction of housing developments outward into nearby suburban and rural areas D) Installing new, more energy-efficient appliances in existing apartment buildings
A
Which of the following would be considered an advantage of increased urban sprawl? A As individuals move out of urban areas to nearby suburbs, the population densities of cities will decrease, reducing the spread of infectious disease. B As new homes are built in suburban areas, the cost of materials will decrease, reducing the need to clear-cut old-growth forests. C As urban sprawl increases, the availability of land for farming and wildlife habitats will decrease, increasing the loss of biodiversity. D As more individuals live in suburbs and work in cities, transportation methods will change, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted.
A
A group of students want to increase the amount of water infiltration around the property of their urban high school by replacing all the existing impermeable walkway pavers with permeable ones. The school board will not move forward with any property changes unless the students conduct an experiment and collect evidence to help prove that their proposed suggestion to increase water infiltration will be effective. The students create two identical pallets using soil taken from the school's property and install impermeable pavers similar to those found on the school's property in one of the pallets. They install permeable pavers in the other pallet. The students pour exactly the same amount of water over both sets of pavers, leave both pallets in exactly the same environmental conditions, and after one hour measure the amount of water that infiltrated the soil. Which of the following identifies and describes the equipment needed to best determine the amount of water that infiltrated the soil? A) A scale should be used to measure the mass of both pallets immediately after pouring the water over the pavers and immediately after the one-hour wait time. B) A ruler should be used to measure the level of water above the pavers in both pallets immediately after pouring the water over the pavers and immediately after the one-hour wait time. C) A soil triangle should be used to determine the soil texture in both pallets before and after the water is added to both pallets. D) A turbidity meter should be used to determine the amount of particulate matter in both pallets before and after the water is added to both pallets.
B
A group of students want to increase the amount of water infiltration around the property of their urban high school by replacing all the existing impermeable walkway pavers with permeable ones. The school board will not move forward with any property changes unless the students conduct an experiment and collect evidence to help prove that their proposed suggestion to increase water infiltration will be effective. The students create two identical pallets using soil taken from the school's property and install impermeable pavers similar to those found on the school's property in one of the pallets. They install permeable pavers in the other pallet. The students pour exactly the same amount of water over both sets of pavers, leave both pallets in exactly the same environmental conditions, and after one hour measure the amount of water that infiltrated the soil. Which of the following is the independent variable in the study? A) The type of soil used in the pallets B) The type of pavers used in the pallets C) The infiltration rate of the water D) The temperature of the room that the pallets were left in
B
An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Which of the following would be the best control in this experimental design? A Water samples collected from a faucet inside the building B Water samples collected from the roof or parking lot before they passed through the gardens C Soil samples collected from different rain gardens on the property D Soil samples collected from under the parking lots around the city
B
An urban planner is designing a new urban housing development in a currently rural area near an existing city. The urban development will have five 10-story apartment buildings, two basketball courts, a playground with permeable foam pavers, a 10-acre green space with a small man-made pond, one 5-story parking deck, and direct access to the mass transit train line. Which of the following aspects in the design for this new urban development would most likely have the greatest negative environmental impact? A The two basketball courts B The five apartment buildings C The 10-acre green space D The playground
B
Which of the following is an example of an environmental benefit of aquaculture? A Raising large numbers of fish in a small area near the shore will increase the profitability of the fish harvest. B Raising fish using aquaculture and feeding human populations with the harvest reduces the number of fish caught from the ocean. C Aquaculture supports the food supply for humans, and the fish can also be released into the wild to repopulate the ocean. D Aquaculture results in large amounts of fish that can feed large numbers of people and help to increase human population growth.
B
A group of students want to increase the amount of water infiltration around the property of their urban high school by replacing all the existing impermeable walkway pavers with permeable ones. The school board will not move forward with any property changes unless the students conduct an experiment and collect evidence to help prove that their proposed suggestion to increase water infiltration will be effective. The students create two identical pallets using soil taken from the school's property and install impermeable pavers similar to those found on the school's property in one of the pallets. They install permeable pavers in the other pallet. The students pour exactly the same amount of water over both sets of pavers, leave both pallets in exactly the same environmental conditions, and after one hour measure the amount of water that infiltrated the soil. Which of the following is the dependent variable in the study? A) The type of soil used in the pallets B) The type of pavers used in the pallets C) The infiltration rate of the water D) The temperature of the room that the pallets were left in
C
An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Which of the following would be the best measure to use to determine the effectiveness of the rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff? A The size and shape of the rain gardens B The intensity and duration of the storm event C The speed and volume of the water exiting the gardens D The temperature of the parking lot and the roof
C
An urban planner is designing a new urban housing development in a currently rural area near an existing city. The urban development will have five 10-story apartment buildings, two basketball courts, a playground with permeable foam pavers, a 10-acre green space with a small man-made pond, one 5-story parking deck, and direct access to the mass transit train line. Which of the following aspects of the design for this new urban development will best help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere? A The land cleared to build the new development occurs in a rural area rather than within the city limits. B The playground is made with permeable foam pavers rather than with impervious concrete. C Access to the mass transit train line will provide inhabitants an alternative to driving personal vehicles. D Food and other resources must be transported to the development from up to 200 miles away.
C
Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture? A) Aquaculture breeds genetically modified fish to increase the amount of biodiversity in the population. B) Aquaculture reduces the number of fishing operations in an area. C) Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round. D) Aquaculture requires large bodies of water for its operations.
C
Which of the following is a negative consequence of aquaculture? A Protein-rich food is provided to billions of people. B Pressure on wild fish populations is reduced. C Excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can leak from the location. D Other species (by-catch) may be accidentally removed during harvest
C
Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture? A) Meeting an increasing demand for seafood B) Decreasing the prevalence of disease in nearby wild fish C) Contamination of surrounding water by organic waste D) High initial cost of facility
C
Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization? A) Individuals living in cities have more varied employment opportunities than individuals living in rural areas. B) Individuals living in cities have greater access to health care than individuals living in rural areas. C) Individuals living in cities usually have greater access to fresh, local agricultural products than individuals living in rural areas. D) Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas.
D
Which of the following describes an aspect of urbanization that would most increase the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere compared to rural and suburban areas? A) A greater amount of impermeable surfaces in urban areas that prevents organic material from entering soils B) Reliance on mass transportation systems in urban areas, such as buses and trains rather than individual cars and trucks, which increases carbon dioxide release C) Decreased square footage of living space, per person, in most housing units in urban areas that leads to an increased carbon footprint D) Increased amounts of waste per unit area in urban areas that leads to higher rates of decay and decomposition
D
Which of the following statements best describes an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture fish-farm enclosures located in estuaries? A Fish farms create waste that contaminates potential drinking-water resources for coastal communities. B Aquaculture can decrease pressures on overexploited fisheries, increasing fish populations. C Cultivated fish can escape and breed with wild populations, increasing the population size of wild fish in coastal waters. D Aquaculture enclosures can harbor parasites that can negatively affect wild populations that breed in estuaries.
D