APES Unit 6 Review

How many were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?

36 quadrillion BTU's

The half-life of a radioactive substance with the decay rate shown in the graph above is closest to

7 seconds

At the 1997 rate of consumption, about how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last?

75 years

The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestation

Biomass

Rock layer that must be rich in organic matter that was subjected to heat and pressure over time during the formation of oil and natural gas.

D (Lowest Layer)

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they

use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground

A home uses ten 100-watt lightbulbs for five hours per day. Approximately how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the lightbulbs?

1,825

A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie?

30 years

An individual has been driving a passenger vehicle to work, averaging 60 miles a week in a car that averages 22 miles per gallon. The individual plans to purchase a hybrid vehicle that averages 50 miles per gallon. If the individual drives to work 50 weeks a year, how much gas will they save if they switch to a hybrid vehicle for their commute?

76 gallons

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following accurately describes a fuel cell vehicle?

Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor.

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production?

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.

Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy

I and III only

Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?

Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.

Some automobiles in the United States are fueled by natural gas. What is the primary environmental advantage of natural gas relative to gasoline as a transportation fuel?

Natural gas combustion emits fewer pollutants.

Which of the following panel systems is least effective at producing energy?

No tracking, tilted east

Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms?

Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Currently proven global reserves are expected to be largely exhausted within the next 50 years.

Oil

Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy

Photovoltaics

Which of the following actions would reduce global greenhouse emissions?

Replacing coal-burning power plants with wind farms

Is renewable

Solar

Which of the following is most likely to reduce the United States contribution to the increase in concentration of atmospheric CO2?

Switching from cars and trucks to rail for mass transit and freight movement

The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following?

The boiling points of the components

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

Which of the following best describes the method of vehicle transport that is the most environmentally sustainable?

The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source?

There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.