Aphasia and RHS Quiz

How does a standardized approach help the SLP plan therapy?

it may hint at some compensatory strategies that could be used with the patient

In Broca's aphasia, formation of sounds is often ___ and ___.

laborious and clumsy

For individuals with aphasia, intervention hope to reestablish ___ ___ __ __ __ ___.

language abilities as much as possible.

How are language abilities in a TIA affected?

language abilities may return in a few hours or in 24 hours

With acquired aphasia in children, what are developmental causes (definition)?

language problems that are present from the initial stages of language development.

What hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for speech and language?

left

What problems are commonly expressed in Broca's aphasia?

speech apraxia, syntactic errors and language expression problems

How does Broca's Aphasia change the person's spoken language?

spoken language is hard to initiate, is non-fluent, labored and haltered

What is agrammatism?

spoken language pattern is defective because it lacks inflectional markers, prepositions, auxillary verbs and copulas

What is paragrammatism?

spoken language that is logically and/or grammatically incoherent

What does ischemic mean?

starvation of tissue

T/F: More people have strokes in the left hemisphere than the right.

False - it is equal

Hemorrhagic strokes account for ____ out of 5 strokes.

One

Wernicke's aphasics use utterances with parphrasias. What are these and give an example of each.

Paraphrasia is when a person misselects a word that may be related to the intended word. Phonemic - substituting an incorrect phoneme in a word Semantic - substation of a word that is syntactically related.

What are 2 ways that you can structure the environment as an intervention strategies for clients with aphasia?

1. Maintain a daily schedule 2. Improve the environment for communication.

What are 4 compensation strategies to use in intervention for a client with aphasia?

1. Rehearsal (Script-building) 2. type into a talking word processor to hear the words that are causing confusion 3.Use a communication notebook/AAC device 4. Signal others if the communication is too fast.

There are 6 factors affecting recovery in children with aphasia. What are they?

1. Site of lesion 2. Size and side of lesion 3. Associated neurologic disturbances 4. age of onset 5. Type and severity of aphasia 6. Presence of electroencephalographic abnormalities

What four domains does the ASHA - FACS assess?

1. Social Communication 2. Communication of Basic Needs 3. Reading, Writing and Number Concepts 4. Daily Planning

There are 9 factors that influence recovery from aphasia in adults. What are they?

1. The cause/etiology of the brain damage 2. Area of the brain damaged 3. Extent of the brain injury 4. Age of onset 5. Health of the individual 6. Motivation (esp. with older adults) 7. Handedness (better recovery if ambidextrous) 8. Educational level (higher education = more words) 9. Type, quality, and intensity of the therapy

List 6 communication strategies that can be used within families.

1. WAIT 2. simplify message 3. encourage and teach multimodal communication 4. speech, gestures, drawing, pointing 5. repeat content words/write down key words 6. minimize distractions

What are 7 evaluation procedures that measure right hemisphere functioning?

1. ask open-ended questions about the person's history 2. See if they are oriented to time, place and self 3. see if there is an awareness of their deficits 4. speed of information processing 5. working memory 6. form discrimination 7. sustaining and divided attention

What are 14 strategies for effective communication for people with RHS?

1. ask questions and use reminders to keep the individual on topic 2. avoid sarcasm and metaphors 3. provide a consistent routine everyday 4. break down instructions into small steps and repeat directions as needed 5. decrease distractions 6. stand on their right side if experiencing left neglect 7. use calendars, clocks and notepads to remind person of important information 8. tape record info to aid in memory 9. practice rehearsing important information 10. visualize to remember information 11. practice associating something new with something familiar 12. regroup incoming information (chunking, mnemonics) 13. point out effects of stroke to increase awareness 14. practice listening for main ideas

With intervention for RHS, what 6 areas should it focus on?

1. attention 2. perception 3. memory 4.orientation 5.pragmatics 6. higher level cognition (organization, reasoning, judgement and problem-solving)

Visual - perceptual disorders in right hemisphere syndrome are the most described deficit. What does this include (12)?

1. failure to respond to people and objects to the left of the midline 2. failure to attend to the left part of their body during self-care 3. problems with recognition of left limbs 4. decreased or loss of feeling on left side of body 5. increased sensitivity to touch 6. difficulty navigating hallways and passageways (can't make left turn) 7. tunnel, double or blurred vision 8. depth perception impairment 9. difficulty reading and writing 10. Problems following multimedia and localizing sounds 11. Face blindness 12. inability to read analog clock

What are 8 behavior changes that might result from right hemisphere syndrome?

1. laughs or cries at the wrong time (emotional lability) 2. shows apathy 3. lack of motivation 4. problems initiating a task 5. irritable, depressed or confused 6. self-centered and shows little sensitivity to others 7. impulsive with movements and emotions 8. restlessness and agitation

What 2 things may happen due to the individual being unaware of their disability?

1. may still perform the same tasks as before without asking for help, even though they are unable to do it 2. may be unaware they have physical or cognitive problems

What are 6 movement impairments that may result from right hemisphere syndrome?

1. paralysis/weakness on the left side of the body 2. poor balance 3. poor planning of movements (apraxia) 4.poor overall coordination and hand-eye coordination 5. too much muscle tone (spasticity) or too little (flaccidity) 6. fatigue

What are the 7 functions housed in the right brain?

1. personality 2. creativity 3. intuition 4. implementation 5. performance 6. art 7. maps of the world

T'F: Global aphasics are usually not paralyzed.

False - global aphasics are most likely to be paralyzed

What are the two different kinds of aphasia?

Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia

Describe the location of Broca's area in relation to the peripheral organs of speech.

Broca's area lies immediately in front of the part of the cortical motor strip devoted to the peripheral organs of speech

What does CVA stand for?

Cerebrovascular Accident

What team of specialists help evaluate an aphasic client? (6)

Client Family/caregivers/teaching staff doctor PT and OT other interventionists depending on the client's needs

Test: Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)

Comprehensive, Diagnostic

What are the specific purposes of evaluation? (4)

Create the most beneficial intervention plan Document progress during intervention Inform and counsel persons with aphasia, their families, and social support networks and to inform physicians, medical personnel, and healthcare reimbursement agencies Make referrals to other professionals

T/F: in aphasic children, extent of recovery correlates with age of onset.

FALSE - extent of recovery does not correlate with age of onset.

What is verbal paraphrasia?

the unintended substitution of a word for another

T/F: CVAs can only happen in specific regions in the brain.

False - CVAs can happen anywhere in the brain

Why do people with right hemisphere syndrome have difficulties with narratives? (6)

1. poor topic maintenance 2. failure to observe turn-taking rules 3. too much interrupting 4. limited initiations (just observe) 5. repetitions 6. poor recognition of nonverbals

What are the 7 causes of right hemisphere syndrome?

1. stroke (most common) 2. TBI 3. Infection 4. Toxin/poision 5. Alcohol 6. Neurodegenerative disease 7. Tumors

What are the two overall goals of aphasia intervention?

1. to enhance functional capability 2. to enhance quality of life

What are the 6 characteristics of right hemisphere syndrome?

1. visual-perceptual disorders 2. communication - cognitive effects 3. complex communication - cognition effects 4. behavioral changes 5. movement impairments 6. unaware of disability

What are the four functional domains of the MIRBI - 2?

1. visuoperceptual/ Visuospatial and Attentional Processing 2. Lexical Knowledge Processing 3. Affective Processing 4. General Behavioral Processing

The right side of the brain is important for what 8 functions?

1.decision making 2.making judgements 3.planning 4.emotions 5.visually being aware of and comprehending the world around us 6.problem solving 7.memory 8.map of the world

Symptoms of acquired aphasia in children are more common for children under what age? Primarily what type of aphasia do these children have?

10 years of age, primarily nonfluent

Children who are over ___ ___ old may have symptoms similar to adults. What type of aphasia might these kids have?

10 years, fluent and nonfluent

What are the four uncontrollable factors of a CVA?

Age Gender Racial/ethnic background Family history

With a standardized approach, SLPs diagnose the presence and type of aphasia. What does this allow the SLP to do?

Allows the SLP to make inferences about the location and linguistic processes that were damaged in the cerebral hemisphere

What is aphasia?

Aphasia is an impairment of language that negatively impacts the production and understanding of symbolic communication

What is Diffuse Brain Damage?

Brain damage that is in more than one spot.

What is Focal Brain Damage?

Brain damage that occurs in one spot.

Describe Wernicke's aphasics speech.

Fluent with relatively good articulation and prosody

Which is generally more serious: a Hemorrhagic or an Ischemic stroke?

Hemorrhagic

What are two different kinds of CVAs?

Hemorrhagic Stroke Ischemic Stroke

What are the accompanying problems of a TIA (12)?

Hypertension Diabetes Cardiac Disease Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hemiparesis Hemipalegia Loss of Sensation Seizures often accompanying aphasia Apraxia and dysarthria Dysphagia Social isolation/deficits Emotional issues

What are the six controllable factors of a CVA?

Hypertension Diabetes Tobacco Smoking Alcohol Use Weight Sedentary lifestyle

What is the general purpose of evaluating aphasia? (3)

Identify the presence of aphasia Determine the type of aphasia Determine the severity of aphasic signs and symptoms and their impact on life participation and activities

In Broca's aphasia, ___ ____ is severely reduced and is limited mainly to ____ ____.

In Broca's aphasia, speech output is severly reduced and is limited mainly to short utterances

What is important to remember about aphasia?

It is a language - based dysfunction, not a motor - based dysfunction, although the two sometimes coexist.

What is contextualized intervention?

It is a philosophy that takes treatment out of the therapy room and extends it to everyday life

Can those with RHS return to work?

It is questionable, especially for communicatively and cognitively demanding professions.

Aphasia treatment is individualized. What does this mean?

It is specific to the client. It may include a bilingual translator for non-English speaking client and caregiver.

Why is right hemisphere syndrome underdiagnosed?

It it likely due to more subtle perceptual and behavioral deficits

If motor impairments are also affected alongside aphasia, what is the result?

It may disrupt speech in terms of respiration, resonation, articulation and phonation.

What are 3 purposes of a functional testing approach?

It tests functional skills - how independently an individual can participate in life, considers daily life across activities with varied demands and helps to design interventions that enhance independence.

What is important to remember about writing with Wernicke's aphasics?

It will mimic their verbal expression - lots of words that mean nothing

in developmentally acquired aphasia in children, it can occur as a secondary condition. What conditions could it be secondary to?

Peripheral hearing loss intellectual disabilities cerebral palsy autism spectrum disorder environmental deprivation

What are the four components of speech?

Phonation Articulation Resonation Respiration

Paraphrasia at the phoneme level are phoneme substitution and neologistic paraphrasia. Explain these two concepts.

Phoneme substitution - pike for pipe Neologistic paraphrasia - sys a word that sounds like a word but is not a word

What are the 13 communication - cognitive effects of right hemisphere syndrome?

Problems with: 1. attention, concentration and memory 2. reading and writing 3. naming and word retrieval 4. learning new information 5. distinguishing important from unimportant information 6. narratives 7.comprehension of long or complex language 8. inference, relevance and literality 9. interpretation of body language and facial expression 10. adhering to conversational rules 11. producing and comprehending socially appropriate humor, emotions and social pragmatics 12. disorientation 13. sequencing events

Test: Kentucky Aphasia Test (KAT 1, 2, 3)

Purpose: *Clinician Friendly*

Test: Comprehensive Aphasia Test

Purpose: Comprehensive

Test: Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)

Purpose: Comprehensive, Diagnostic

Test: Porch Index of Communication Ability (PICA)

Purpose: Comprehensive, Diagnostic

Test: Psycholinguistic Assessment of Linguistic Process (PALPA)

Purpose: Comprehensive, Linguistic

Test: Communicative Activities of FDaily Living (CADL)

Purpose: Functional, Pragmatic

Test: Functional Assessment of Communication (ASHA - FACS)

Purpose: Functional, Pragmatic

Test: Boston Naming Test

Purpose: Special naming test

Test: Examining for Aphasia - 4 (EFA - 4)

Purpose: comprehensive with short form

With right hemisphere disorder, what is usually not affected?

speaking and comprehension

That are the three points that repetition can be disturbed at?

Recognition, articulation, dissociation

What causes Wernicke's aphasia?

damage to the auditory association cortex of the dominant hemisphere (Wernicke's area), usually the left hemisphere

What is the most common cause of acquired aphasia in children?

TBI

Etiology plays a factor in aphasia recovery in children. What is the prognosis for a TBI and a Vascular lesion?

TBI - these children show expressive language deficits but have better recovery Vascular lesions - show poorer prognosis for recovery, as these children have variable and more persistent aphasic symptoms

Test: Resting Comprehension Battery for Aphasia (RCBA)

Test: Reading Assessment

What is the MIRBI - 2?

The Mini Inventory of Right Brain Injury - 2; a standardized right beain injury screening assessment

ASHA - FACS should be completed by a speech language pathologist that has what type of relationship with the client?

The SLP should be familiar with the client's typical performance, minimum of 3 contacts with the client

Aphasics experience a loss of syntax and grammar. How does this affect their receptive language?

The ability to understand how words in a sentence are related to each other is affected in different degrees in aphasia

What are 4 reasons that severity is a complex issue?

The degree of handicap and disability is a personal issue Severity is not solely related to a score on a standardized evaluation You must consider premorbid language skills of the person You must also c look at the value the individual places on the degree of language loss that they perceive

The person with Broca's aphasia may understand spoken language ______ _____ and be able to ____, but be limited in _____.

The person with Broca's aphasia may understand spoken language relatively well and be able to read, but be limited in writing.

There is a qualitative difference between individuals with ______ ______ ______ ______ and the ______ loss of ability to locate ______ words

There is a qualitative difference between individuals with general word finding problems and the selective loss of ability to locate specific words.

Why is it so difficult to treat Wernicke's aphasia?

They are unaware that they are making mistakes

What happens to neurons during an ischemic stroke?

They may die

If someone who uses ASL suffers from aphasia, what can happen?

They may lose their ability to sign or fingerspell

Describe the size of vocabulary of a global aphasic.

They will have very few, if any, words.

Explain and Describe the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE).

This test looks at linguistic functioning through skills tests. This standardized test is given to the patient after injury. Patient scores are calculated and help with determining strengths, weaknesses and gross severity. It also helps with treatment planning.

What does TIA stand for? What is a TIA?

Transient Ischemic Attack; it is a type of stroke where blood flow to the brain is temporarily interrupted.

What are three examples of Diffuse Brain Damage?

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Degenerative Diseases Multiple CVAs

T/F: Although mostly nonfluent in nature, other types of aphasia (e.g. fluent, jargon) occur more frequently than previously thought.

True

T/F: Global aphasics have difficulties initiating spoken language.

True

T/F: Ischemic strokes account for the vast majority of strokes.

True

T/F: Visuospatial neglect treatment has been shown effective usually when they are intensive and encourage the client to rely on internal cueing rather than clinician cueing

True

T/F: With Broca's aphasia, motor paralysis on the opposite side of the stroke is likely.

True

T/F: area of damage and site of lesion are identical in aphasic children and adults.

True

If someone has Wernicke's aphasia, what is often the result in terms of other motor sensations?

Usually have no body weakness because their brain injury is not near the parts of the brain that control movement, may have numbness/ tingles, but no weakness or paralysis.

What are three examples of Focal Brain Damage?

Vascular Disease (CVA) Neoplastic Disease (tumor) Inflammatory Diseases

What are the seven components of language?

Verbal Auditory Gestures Reading Writing Mathematics Music

What is anomia?

When one cannot find the word they want.

What is one difficulty of aphasia that virtually all aphasics suffer from? Explain.

Word finding difficulty; this restricts the number of words they use in spoken language and they need increased time to retrieve these words.

What is the time table for TIA and subsequent strokes?

a TIA can occur within days, weeks, or months before a major stroke

Authors have expanded the boundaries of Wernicke's area to include what?

a greater part of the temporal lobe and parts of the parietal lobe

What is paraphrasia?

a mistake in how a word is said or used

Describe the recovery that follows a TIA.

a speedy and relatively complete recovery.

Right hemisphere syndrome results from what?

a stroke in the right hemisphere

What function is housed in the arcuate fasciculus?

ability to repeat what you heard

Aphasia occurs _____ language has been learned.

after

after the initial period of mutism following aphasia, children experience a reduction in what?

all forms of expression, including oral, written and gestural

Aphasia is an example of ____ ?

an acquired multimodality disability.

For individuals with aphasia, intervention teaches __ ___ ___ ___ ___.

an alternative way to learn

There is one deficit in aphasia that all aphasics (Broca's, Wernicke's and Global) have. What is it?

anomia - word finding difficulties

What is special about the ASHA-FACS?

any information of the client's functional communication performance not observed by the examiner may be obtained from other reliable resources.

The ASHA - FACS test is appropriate for clients with what impairments?

aphasia, speech, language and cognitive communication

After a period of initial mutism, those with Minor Broca's aphasia have what? What remains after recovery?

apraxia, but the disturbance resolves quickly; anomia

What types of tests do physicians usually perform when someone is suspected to be aphasic?

ask person to follow commands, answer questions, name objects, and carry on a conversation

What function is housed in Wernicke's area?

auditory comprehension of language

What type of spoken language may remain intact with global aphasics?

automatic spoken language like swear words, emotional exclamations, counting, etc.

Why is Broca's aphasia called non-fluent aphasia?

because of the halting and effortful quality of spoken language

All strokes result in what?

blood flow disruption

Impaired auditory comprehension may be found at what level with those suffering from aphasia? How do the levels compare?

both the phrase and word level; word level comprehension is usually only slightly affected, except in Wernicke's aphasia

Capgras Syndrome, Autoscopic Disorder, and Gourmand Syndrome are rare and unusual effects of right hemisphere syndrome. What are they?

capgras - a disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, or other close family member has been replaced by an identical looking impostor autoscopic - the individual believes they have seen themselves in a large crowd Gourmand - unusual craving for gourmet food

How do we categorize aphasia?

cause and location of the brain damage, based on language characteristics

What are the causes a Hemorrhagic stroke?

cause by blood vessels breaking and leaking into the brain

What is the cause of Broca's aphasia?

caused by damage to the anterior regions of the brain, including (but not limited to) the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus known as Broca's area.

The ASHA - FACS looks at what?

communicative functioning in everyday life

For individuals with aphasia, intervention teaches the individual ___ ___ __ __ ___.

compensate for their loss.

individuals with auditory comprehension problems also have problems ______ ______ _____.

comprehending written information

Describe conductive aphasics in terms of their spoken language, comprehension and repetition.

conductive aphasics usually have fairly fluent spoken language and fairly intact comprehension, yet great difficulty repeating what they heard.

Even though aphasics experience a loss of syntax and grammar, individuals with this can still convey what? how? What is this called?

considerable information by stinging together major nouns and some verbs; telegraphic speech

With Wernicke's aphasia, language ___ is affected

content

Contextualized intervention places value on ____ and ___ ___ ___.

context and daily living activities

It is important for functional communication to be _____.

contextualized

What is crossed aphasia? How does it affect children and adults?

crossed aphasia is when language develops in the left hemisphere after injury, it affects children and adults in the same way

What is the cause of global aphasia?

damage to extensive portions of the language areas of the brain (large lesion in perisylvian zone) (ex. whole cerebral artery damaged)

Name and Describe the two approaches to therapy intervention for children with aphasia.

developmental approach - try to get the child to match their peers in speech and language levels and keep them progressing with their age-appropriate peers functional/compensatory approach - teach rehabilitation required to compensate for their deficits.

Describe a Broca's aphasics language

disjointed, sentence construction is poor

Repetition may be disturbed at three points. What does it mean when it is at dissociation?

dissociation between auditory input and spoken language output systems

With Broca's aphasia, why might someone also suffer from apraxia?

due to blood loss in the motor strip.

What is logorrhea? What type of aphasia is it associated with?

excessive verbal output; Wernicke's

What are the 6 traditional areas tested in aphasics?

expressive language language comprehension speech writing reading numerical relationships/arithmetic

What is prosopagnosia?

face blindness

T/F: we use the same evaluation process for both strokes and right hemisphere syndrome.

false

Wernicke's aphasia can also be called two other names. What are they?

fluent or receptive aphasia

What are the three different kinds of language - based categorization for aphasia?

fluent v. nonfluent receptive v. expressive sensory v. motor deficits

For individuals with aphasia, intervention is ____ in nature.

funcitonal/compensatory

The ASHA - FACS has a 7-point scale measuring what?

functional communication performance along a continuum of independence.

Aphasics experience a loss of ____ and ____.

grammar and syntax

Acquired aphasia in children can occur secondary to other conditions. What are some of these conditions?

head trauma, CVA, brain tumor, infections and seizure disorders

For individuals with aphasia, intervention teaches caregivers ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

how to promote client independence

What does the MIRBI -2 identify?

identify adults who may be affected, possible deficit areas, strengths/weaknesses, and if cognitive changes are present

Contextualized intervention has an overall goal of what?

increase the client's participation in the social world.

For individuals with aphasia, intervention is designed to promote ___ ___ ___ __ ___ __ ___ ___.

independence and compensation for loss in communication skills.

Repetition may be disturbed at three points. What does it mean when it is at articulation?

indicates a motor speech impairment

What types of groups can aphasia intervention take place in?

individually, in groups or through caregivers

Why might a child be unwilling to speak after the initial phase of mutism following the development of aphasia?

it could be a psychological reaction to the initial mutism.

What does the examination of suspected aphasics by an SLP entail?

it includes the person's ability to speak, express ideas, converse socially, understand language, read and write, as well as the ability to swallow and to use alternative and augmentative communication as needed.

describe the speech of a child who has returned to speech after their initial period of mutism after developing aphasia?

it is nonfluent and sounds like a motor-type (expressive) aphasia Has simplified syntax (telegraphic speech) Hesitiation Anomia Reading and Writing Problems Concomitant dysarthria in most cases.

Why should someone go to the hospital after a TIA?

it is often a "warning stroke", and individuals who suffer a TIA are more likely to experience a full stroke.

Describe the recovery of acquired aphasia in children.

it is transient in nature, but 25 - 50% still have aphasic symptoms 1 year postonset, but most affected have good recovery

In the majority of developmentally acquired aphasia in children, what is the etiology?

it is unknown

What are the limitations in writing with Broca's aphasia?

letter omission and misspelling of words

The range of severity of aphasia depends on what?

location, depth, and extent of brain damage

Wernicke's aphasics have ____ phrase length.

longer

When conducting an evaluation for aphasia, we determine the prognosis for recovery. What should we look for in order to determine this?

look for factors that predict or determine which clients will benefit from interventions

How are reading and writing affected by Wernicke's aphasia?

may have difficulty with reading, but writing may remain intact

ASHA - FACS assists in _____ and _____ the _____ communication of adults.

measuring and recording the functional communication

What is the continuum of aphasia?

mild to severe

Global aphasics usually have the ____ _____ problems in language.

most severe

What function is housed in Broca's area?

motor speech production

With Minor Broca's aphasia, people are initially ____.

mute

There is an initial period of ___ after a child develops aphasia. What is this (Definition)?How long can it last?

mutism - suppression of spontaneous spoken language, can last days or months

Wernicke's aphasics may speak in long sentence that have what?

no meaning and unnecessary words

Wernicke's aphasics will speak in utterances containing neologisms. What are they?

nonsense words that are spoke to represent a real word.

What is jargon?

nonsensical phoneme combinations that in no way could be an English word

Global aphasics may be able to understand ____ verbal language, be able to ____ their ____ and ____ _____ _____.

nonverbal language, be able to write their name and copy basic drawings.

What is the cause of Minor Broca's aphasia?

occlusion in a branch of the middle cerebral artery

What is the cause of Major Broca's aphasia?

occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which supplies temporal, parts of the frontal and parietal lobe

What type of aphasic symptoms might occur in aphasic children?

paraphrasis, circumlocution, perseveration

What is semantic verbal paraphrasia?

patient uses a word that is syntactically related to the intended word. (ex. mother for wife)

How does personal relevance effect the auditory comprehension of aphasics? Who usually suffers from this?

patients who have difficult with comprehension at the word level may respond to more complex utterances if they are personally relevant; individuals with severely reduced levels of auditory comprehension

what functions are in the angular gyrus?

reading, writing and arithmetic

In terms of mathematics, what does aphasia cause problems with?

recipes, banking, music notation, telling time, currency or money and traffic signals

With Broca's aphasia, how is prosody affected? What is prosody?

reduced prosody; intonation, stress patterns, melody of speech

Contextualized intervention emphasizes what?

reengagement in life

Intervention for RHS takes a ____ approach.

rehabilitation

What are acquired causes of aphasia in children (definition)?

result from some sort of brain damage after a period of normal language development

What is perseverative verbal paraphrasia?

same word is substituted repeatedly

What are the three categories of verbal paraphrasia?

semantic, unrelated, perseverative

GLobal aphasics have ___ communication difficulties.

severe

A standardized approach allows the SLP to detect changes in ____ ____ ____. Explain.

skill over time Has the patient gotten worse, better, stayed the same

____ ____ ____ affect language differently than a CVA.

slow onset lesions

How does Major Broca's aphasia resolve?

slowly and incompletely, most aphasics recover to anomic aphasia

What is category specific comprehension difficulty that results from aphasia?

some individuals have word comprehension difficulties that are related to specific categories

A standardized approach allows you to measure performance across a wide range of skills. What are two examples?

strengths and weaknesses, severity

What is unrelated verbal paraphrasia?

substitution with no semantic connection with the intended word (ex. cow for dog)

Explain telegraphic speech in terms of Broca's aphasia.

telegraphic spoken language where function words are omitted and bounded morphemes are deleted (e.g. -ing, -s, -ed)

What is functionality?

the ability to communicate needs in everyday situations

For individuals with aphasia, intervention strives to improve ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___.

the individual's ability to communicate by helping person to use remaining abilities.

Repetition may be disturbed at three points. What does it mean when it is at recognition?

the patient fails to recognize the sounds as words

Who aphasia usually first recognized by?

the physician who treats the person for their brain injury

When speech returns to children after their initial period of mutism, how might the child react?

they may still be reluctant to speak and will need increased incentives and encouragement

Generally, what type does the SLP do when they are referred to for suspected aphasia?

they perform a comprehensive examination of the person's communication abilities.

Describe a global aphasics ability to speak and comprehend language.

they will likely be extremely limited in their ability to speak or comprehend language

You should use right hemisphere evaluations to measure what four things?

thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, organization abilities, visual perception

T/F: Broca's aphasia is sometimes called expressive aphasia

true

t/f: global aphasia is non fluent aphasia.

true

When speaking with someone with Wernicke's Aphasia, it is often difficult for listeners to do what?

understand what they are trying to say

What four components of language use does aphasia affect?

understanding verbal expression writing reading

When does an ischemic stroke occur?

when an artery carrying vital nutrients and blood to the brain is blocked.

What difficulty from aphasia can last after 'recovery'?

word finding problems

With aphasics, what is interesting about their written language?

written language disturbances usually parallel spoken language impairments, so nonfluent speakers will also be nonfluent in writing and reading