APLANG SEMESTER ONE FINAL STUDY

parenthetical citation

(1).

Negative Tone/Attitude Words

Accusing, Choleric, Furious, Quarrelsome, Aggravated, Coarse, Harsh, Shameful, Agitated, Cold, Haughty, Smooth, Angry, Condemnatory, Hateful, Snooty, Apathetic, Condescending, Hurtful, Superficial, Arrogant, Contradictory, Indignant, Surly, Artificial, Critical, Inflammatory, Testy, Audacious, Desperate, Insulting, Threatening, Belligerent, Disappointed, Irritated, Tired, Bitter, Disgruntled, Manipulative, Uninterested, Boring, Disgusted, Obnoxious, Wrathful, Brash, Disinterested, Outraged, Childish, Facetious, Passive

Neutral Tone/Attitude Words

Admonitory, Dramatic, Intimae, Questioning, Allusive, Earnest, Judgmental, Reflective, Apathetic, Expectant, Learned, Reminiscent, Authoritative, Factual, Loud, Resigned, Baffled, Fervent, Lyrical, Restrained, Callous, Formal, Matter-of-fact, Seductive, Candid, Forthright, Meditative, Sentimental, Ceremonial ,Frivolous, Nostalgic, Serious, Clinical, Haughty, Objective, Shocking, Consoling, Histrionic, Obsequious, Sincere, Contemplative, Humble, Patriotic, Unemotional, Conventional, Incredulous, Persuasive, Urgent, Detached, Informative, Pleading, Vexed, Didactic, Inquisitive, Pretentious, Wistful, Disbelieving, Instructive, Provocative, Zealous

Sorrow-Fear-Worry Tone/Attitude Words

Aggravated, Embarrassed, Morose, Resigned, Agitated, Fearful, Mournful, Sad, Anxious, Foreboding, Nervous, Serious, Apologetic, Gloomy, Numb, Sober, Apprehensive, Grave, Ominous, Solemn, Concerned, Hollow, Paranoid, Somber, Confused, Hopeless, Pessimistic, Staid, Dejected, Horrific, Pitiful, Upset, Depressed, Horror, Poignant, Despairing, Melancholy, Regretful, Disturbed, Miserable, Remorseful

Positive Tone/Attitude Words

Amiable, Consoling, Friendly, Playful, Amused, Content, Happy, Pleasant, Appreciative, Dreamy, Hopeful, Proud, Authoritative, Ecstatic, Impassioned, Relaxed, Benevolent, Elated, Jovial, Reverent, Brave, Elevated, Joyful, Romantic, Calm, Encouraging, Jubilant, Soothing, Cheerful, Energetic, Lighthearted Surprised, Cheery, Enthusiastic, Loving, Sweet, Compassionate, Excited, Optimistic, Sympathetic, Complimentary, Exuberant Passionate, Vibrant, Confident, Fanciful, Peaceful, Whimsical

Humor-Irony-Sarcasm Tone/Attitude Words

Amused, Droll, Mock-heroic, Sardonic, Bantering, Facetious, Mocking, Satiric, Bitter, Flippant, Mock-serious, Scornful, Caustic, Giddy, Patronizing, Sharp, Comical, Humorous, Pompous, Silly, Condescending, Insolent, Quizzical, Taunting, Contemptuous, Ironic, Ribald, Teasing, Critical, Irreverent, Ridiculing, Whimsical, Cynical, Joking, Sad, Wry, Disdainful, Malicious, Sarcastic

SOAPSTone

Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone. For Speaker include more than the name. Include a background and context.

Evidence

Use a quote that demonstrates your point

Occasion

What is the occasion? This is another way of asking about the setting of a work. When did the piece take place? Where did it occur? Is it a memory, delusion, or an actual event? There are two types of occasions: larger occasions and immediate occasions. Larger occasions are factors in the environment of attitudes, ideas, and emotions that are involved in the broad issue at hand. Immediate occasions are situations or events that are more specific than larger occasions and are used to catch the reader's attention and make them think. Most of the time, immediate occasions are designed to trigger a response from the audience.

Subject

What is the subject? What is the piece about specifically? How do you know? What was the intended task the author was trying to accomplish when writing his or her piece?

Tone

What is the tone of the author? What is his or her attitude towards the actions unfolding in their work? How is the tone conveyed in the author's syntax (construction of sentences), diction (word choice), and imagery (similes, metaphors, other types of figurative language)?

Audience

Who is the audience? Specifically, what group of readers is this piece directed towards? What would be the ideal audience for this piece of literature? In addition to a primary audience, is there a secondary audience?

Speaker (personality, beliefs, job, etc.)

Who is the speaker? Does the voice belong to a fictional character? Or does it belong to the authors themselves? Is there more than one speaker? What do you know about this person from historic references or from what you've previously read? How does this background information form his or her opinions?

Purpose

Why did the author write this piece? What is the purpose? What does the author want to accomplish when addressing the audience with his or her work? Ultimately, why was this piece written?

signal phrase

ex: Emerson states,

Introduce Evidence

introduce the context of your evidence and quote

Allusion

is a short, informal reference to a famous person or event. ex: If you take his parking place, you can expect World War II all over again.

Anaphora

is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism. ex:To think on death it is a misery,/ To think on life it is a vanity;/ To think on the world verily it is,/ To think that here man hath no perfect bliss. -Peacham

Topic Sentence

lets the reader know what your subject is and what you are going to prove. Never use "I" or talk about the essay/paragraph in this sentence

Parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. ex: He liked to eat watermelon and to avoid grapefruit.

What/How/Why thesis

start by writing three separate sentences. Then attempt to combine them into one or two fluid and concise sentences. Make sure that your "Hows" are consistent elements of the composition and/or significant to the development of the argument.

Discuss

you must discuss how the evidence is important in proving your argument as stated in the topic sentence or thesis. This will help tie the paragraph in a circular unit in which the topic sentence is effectively proven with evidence and author commentary.