Aplia: Chapter 2

Proposed by Max Weber, this approach to management focuses on designing organizations with formal lines of authority and standard operating procedures to promote efficiency.

Bureaucratic organizations

His concept of the "informal organization" suggests that cliques and other social groups can affect employee behavior.

Chester Barnard

The idea that best management practices depend on the situation. What works in one situation may not work in a different situation.

Contingency view

This is one of the goals of total quality management—the idea of getting better a little bit at a time over a long period.

Continuous improvement

Which of the following characteristics do operations research, supply chain management, and customer relations management have in common?

1.All three theories focus on the customer.2.Models in all three theories are based on past history.3.All three theories focus on getting work done faster.

This individual was a practicing psychologist who observed that his patients' problems usually stemmed from an inability to satisfy their needs.

Abraham Maslow

"W.B., are you sure that everyone in the organization reports directly to someone else? Having a scalar chain is important—employees need to know exactly where they fit in the organizational hierarchy."

Administrative principles

Based on theories from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, this approach conducts scientific studies of human behavior to prescribe new management techniques.

Behavioral sciences approach

Which of the following presents a critical problem when trying to compare Bolin and Härenstam's research results with those of Burns and Stalker?

Bolin and Härenstam did not measure organizational effectiveness.

"Are you promoting people just because you like them? Try making your promotion decisions solely on the basis of a person's technical ability to do the work."

Bureaucratic management

This approach to management was first developed by Mary Parker Follett; it involves training employees and allowing them to decide how to do their work.

Empowerment

Which of the following management theorists is most likely to have been at the dinner?

Henri Fayol

Which of the management theorists attending the dinner developed a chart that showed timelines for various parts of a project as bar graphs?

Henry Gantt

Resulting from the Hawthorne studies in the early 1920s, this movement suggests that employees perform better when their managers treat them better.

Human relations movement

When you gossip with a coworker from another department about your supervisor's management practices, you are involved in this type of organization.

Informal organization

As you go through your day, see how often you can apply a systems perspective to business activities occurring all around you. For example, consider the inputs, transformations, and outputs at a fast food restaurant such as McDonald's. French fries are a part of McDonald's ______ process, while employees are a part of the _____ process, and total profits are a part of the _____ process.

Output, input, output

These forces influence the organization through laws and the government.

Political forces

"Have you looked carefully at your worker's movements? If you break each worker's job down into the smallest possible task, you can redesign the job to use fewer motions and make it more efficient."

Scientific management

Proposed by Frederick Taylor, this approach requires managers to use science to develop the right tools and procedures for an individual job and then has all workers do the job in the same way.

Scientific management

These forces influence organizations through people. As cultures, values, and needs change, organizations must modify their policies and processes to adapt to new expectations.

Social forces

Companies that recruit using LinkedIn or investigate potential employees by looking at their Facebook pages are using this to communicate with people during their selection process.

Social media programs

In an organization, these parts of the system are interrelated.

Subsystems

A view of management that requires observation of a complete organization as well as the organization's relation with its environment and relations between the parts of the organization.

Systems thinking

Because of the human characteristic of dislike for work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives.

Theory X

The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. The average human being does not inherently dislike work.

Theory Y

Created by W. Edwards Deming, the idea that employees and manager should strive for continuous reduction of defects and improvement of customer satisfaction.

Total quality management (TQM)

Researchers and scholars realized that subjects behaved differently because of the active participation of researchers in the Hawthorne experiments. This phenomenon has come to be known as the Hawthorne ____ in research methodology.

effect

When Oviedo helps her employees to understand the "whys" behind what they are being asked to do, she is using a ___ approach.

humanistic management

Dannielle Oviedo, the operations manager shown in the video, is acutely aware of many numbers as she does her job. Orders, order amounts, and dates all have to be scheduled in order to run the company effectively. Oviedo clearly uses quantitative management to do her job. Another term for quantitative management is____.

management science

Suppose that an organization with good information is twice as effective as one without good information, and that an organization with good employees is twice as effective as one without good employees. On the other hand, an organization with good information and good employees is 10 times more effective than one without good information or good employees. This is known as____.

synergy

The contingency in Bolin and Härenstam's study was the _____.

type of industry

The human relations movement was based on the idea that truly effective control comes from ___ the individual worker.

within