APPLE OPERATING SYSTEM (MACOS)

Adobe Illustrator Artwork's default file extension. Vector-based graphics are stored in either encapsulated postscript (EPS) or portable document format (PDF).

*.ai (Adobe Illustrator extension)

An Apple proprietary disk image used by macOS. Downloaded Apple macOS applications are stored in *.dmg format. The .dmg format supports compression and password protection in a block data format.

*.dmg (disk image extension)

The Mac OS X/macOS kernel includes which elements?

A Mach kernel, XNU kernel, and various Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) system calls.

AFP is a macOS and Mac Classic networking protocol supporting server message block (SMB), network file systems (NFS), file transfer protocol (FTP) and WebDAV . AFP was the primary file sharing protocol for OS 9.

AFP server

What server management services are installed on an Apple Mac OS XmacOS server?

Apache Tomcat and WebObjects.

Apple's Darwin operating system (OS) was released under the APSL. This license requires derivatives of the original source must release the new source code. However, this license allows APSL code to be linked directly to proprietary software. This is in direct contrast to the GNU Public License (GPL).

Apple Public Source License (APSL)

Cocoa Application) Layer - Cocoa and Java, the object-oriented environment, Carbon-C programming environment (Cocoa is an object-oriented application programming interface [API] for developing applications written in Java and Objective-C.) This is the application user interface that responds to user actions and manages the behavior of the applications.

Apple's Mac OS X/macOS Layer 1

Media Layer (Graphics and Media) - Quartz is a rendering engine for windows management and includes specialized services for rendering 2D and 3D graphics and playing, editing, and recording audio/video media.

Apple's Mac OS X/macOS Layer 2

Core Services Layer - This level contains fundamental services and technologies ranging from Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) and low-level network communication to string manipulation and data formatting.

Apple's Mac OS X/macOS Layer 3

Core OS Layer - Defines programming interfaces that are related to hardware and networking, including interfaces for running high-performance computation tasks on a computer's central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU).

Apple's Mac OS X/macOS Layer 4

Kernel and Device Driver Layer - Darwin security, device drivers, low level component support, inter-process communications, thread and process management, virtual memory file systems, and other non- graphical user interface (GUI) system services like APIs.

Apple's Mac OS X/macOS Layer 5

is a UNIX-certified operating system that has been built from numerous other operating systems.

Apple's macOS

What is the name of Apple's graphical user interface?

Aqua

Apple's graphical user interface for their macOS series of operating systems (OS) is designed using a water theme including droplets, transparency and reflections. When describing Aqua, Steve Jobs said: "One of the design goals was, when you saw it, you wanted to lick it."

Aqua Interface

A Unix operating system (OS) available from 1977 through 1995. Today, a couple of popular OS's are branched off from the original OS. OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD. Apple macOS uses logic from both FreeBSD and NetBSD.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)

An object-oriented application programming interface (API) for developing applications written in Java and Objective-C.

Cocoa

What open source operating system is the foundation of Apple macOS?

Darwin.

Apple's mini-application interface. These widgets appear and can be added, removed, configured, and rearranged after the user presses Function.

Dashboard

What service on an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server enables multiple computers to work together on a single task?

Distributed computing with Xgrid.

The Apache hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Web Server stores web content in the DocumentRoot directory. When configuring the Apache server, the 'DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html' directive tells the server where to access the user's home directory and relevant files.

DocumentRoot

What network and virtual private network (VPN) services does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server employ?

Domain name system (DNS), dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), network address translation (NAT), firewalling, and network time protocol (NTP).

Which of the following services is not included in Mac OS X server?

Dual Boot.

An Apple macOS window management tool. Instead of pressing Alt-Tab to cycle through all the currently running programs as in Windows, Apple users press the function 3 (F3) key to display all current windows/applications. When all the applications are displayed, the user then clicks on the specific window to bring it to the forefront.

Expose

Which program displays all current desktop windows across the desktop?

Expose'

A software project that encourages developers worldwide to contribute to free application development projects. The GNU copyleft license allows everyone to redistribute programs and the underlying code freely. Code may not be linked to proprietary software.

GNU

Allows a backup server to take control when a primary server fails. The primary server sends health messages which are monitored by the secondary server. When the secondary server does not receive that heartbeat message, it will take over.

IP (Internet protocol) failover

Creates and displays slide show presentations with support for full multimedia and interactivity. Keynote presentations can be exported as portable document format (PDF), hypertext markup language (HTML) with JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) images and Microsoft PowerPoint. The entire presentation may also be exported as a QuickTime video.

Keynote

(2001) An attempt to standardize Linux-based software system structures including but not limited to the filesystem hierarchy which defines the names and locations of the Linux directory tree.

Linux Standard Base (LSB)

Apple's ______________ includes services a company would need to operate a business.

Mac OS X/macOS server

An operating system (OS) microkernel which was designed to offer parallel and distributed computing. Apple macOS integrates the functional components of the Mach kernel through use of the XNU (X is Not Unix) OS kernel.

Mach kernel

A spreadsheet application that is included with the iWork productivity suite. The focus of Numbers is to offer better control and appearance of the data tables than a traditional spreadsheet can offer.

Numbers

The primary programming language used by Apple macOS. Objective-C offers object-oriented messaging to the C language, is a strict superset of C, and C code may be included in the Objective-C code base. The Objective-C compiler can compile any C program.

Objective-C

What authentication and directory services does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server employ?

OpenLDAP, Kerberos, Active Directory (AD) connector, and RADIUS.

Apple's word processing and page layout application. Pages includes over 100 Apple designed document templates. Pages can import Microsoft Word documents and can export rich text format (RTF), portable document format (PDF), Microsoft Word doc and epub (electronic publication) formats.

Pages

What applications are available in Apple iWork?

Pages, a word processing application; Numbers, a spreadsheet application; and Keynote, a presentation application.

For Unix, is a set of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards which define an application programming interface (API), shell and other utilities interfaces for working with UNIX operating systems (OS).

Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant

Which of the following functions is not represented by code stored in the /Library directory?

Printer Drivers

A networking protocol to authenticate, authorize, and account (AAA) for users and computers across a network. RADIUS is a client server application layer protocol running over user datagram protocol (UDP) at the Transport Layer. The remote user passes their credentials to the RADIUS server, which then either allows or denies network access.

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)

What services are typically included in Apple's Mac OS X/macOS server?

Services a company would need to operate a business.

The family of standards applied to computer operating systems (OS) which qualify them to be named "Unix".

Single UNIX Specification (SUS) Compliance

What Open Source mail filter does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server use for junk mail filtering?

SpamAssassin.

Allows Apple users to search the desktop filesystems. The search includes documents, applications, media and specific words within documents. All mounted filesystems can be searched.

Spotlight

What is the purpose of a Boot Camp installation?

To allow newer Microsoft operating systems to boot on Apple hardware

Also called the Berkeley Fast File System (FFS) and is supported by many operating systems (OS) including Linux and the various Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) versions. UFS volumes include boot blocks, a superblock to describe the filesystem's geometry, a list of cylinder blocks to point to the inodes. The inodes point to the data blocks

Unix file system (UFS)

The Apple Wiki Server includes a web-based wiki, weblog, calendaring, and contact management. The Apple Wiki Server offers web editors a hypertext markup language (HTML)-less content management interface.

Wiki Server

Apple's integrated development environment. Using Xcode, developers may create applications for macOS and the iOS used on iPads and iPhones. Xcode includes developer documentation and Interface Builder to create graphical user interfaces. Developers create applications in C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++, Java, AppleScript, Python, and Ruby source code.

Xcode

An Apple subdivision, Advanced Computation Group, offers a proprietary application which combines networked computers to run a single task. This computing cluster can aggregate computing power across the network.

Xgrid distributed computing

The bash (Bourne-Again SHell) Unix shell was written to enhance and replace the Bourne shell (sh) and includes the following functions: command line editing, unlimited size command history, job control, and many more. The bash shell includes features from sh, C shell (csh) and korn shell (ksh). bash is Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant.

bash

What is the default shell for macOS 10.3 and up?

bash

Since the Unix system was written in the C language, the C shell (as improved by the tcsh) was created to leverage the developer's familiarity with the development language while using the shell interface.

csh

What are some common applications included with Mac OS X/macOS in an Apple computer?

iMovie, iTunes and GarageBand.

Which of the following applications is not part of the Apple iLife Suite as included with the macOS operating system?

iTunes

Allows data to be shared across separate processes and/or threads. Communication can be across a network using remote procedure calls (RPC) or between separate processes within the same computer.

inter-process communication (IPC)

The Korn shell is backwards-compatible with the Bourne shell and includes C shell features. Korn shell's strength is its power as a programming language.

ksh

Apple's latest operating system (OS) family is based on pieces of various UNIX OS's. It offers both a graphical user interface called Aqua and a command line interface through the terminal application. Apple upgraded from OS 9 to macOS in 2002.

macOS

As a given, if a computer application is running on the system, a more important task can send an interrupt to the kernel and the current task is then preempted by the interrupting task. Not all tasks are preemptible. As an example, typing Control-C while running a shell command will preempt the currently running program.

preemptive multitasking

A unique address space assigned to each application to prevent unstable applications from reaching into the memory of other applications and crashing the system. Each running program is allocated a certain set of memory locations. These memory locations are specifically allocated to the program and cannot be accessed by any other application—they are protected.

protected memory

The protocol used to communicate with devices located on a local area network (LAN). SMB can run directly over transmission control protocol (TCP) or it can use Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) at the Session Layer to communicate and share files and printers with other operating systems (OS). Functions requiring LAN support, such as retrieving files from a file server, are translated into SMB commands before they are sent to a remote device. One version of SMB is Common Internet File System (CFIS); Samba can use this message format for file sharing.

server message block (SMB)

A Unix command line and programming interface that is an enhanced version of the C shell (as in C the programming language). Significant enhancements include command line history and auto-completion of file names.

tcsh

By combining random access memory (RAM) and hard drive space, multitasking kernels can access more virtual memory than is available in RAM only. The virtual memory is accessed as if it were one large contiguous memory space.

virtual memory management

By taking features from bash, ksh, and tcsh, the zsh extends and improves on all the shells mentioned. Where most shell manuals are a single file, the zsh is so large it is separated into many sections.

zsh