Applied Hearing Science Quizzes

False

Headphones with noise-cancelling and other special features are highly desirable in psychoacoustic research. Select one: True False

true

Loudness declines as a result of adaptation over a period of minutes. This effect is greatest at high frequencies and low levels, for steady tones. The interruption or modulation of the tone reduces or eliminates this effect. Select one: True False

a. Also referred to as a busy-line model, and consistent with power-spectrum model of masking, it's the phenomenon where the masker produces a large neural response, making any response to the signal difficult to detect. 1. swamping b. Generally attributed to the mechanical interactions on the basilar membrane, it's the phenomenon where neural response can be reduced by adding a tone at a carefully chosen combination of frequency and level. 2. suppression

Moore describes 2 processes for the mechanism of masking. Match the description with the corresponding process. a. Also referred to as a busy-line model, and consistent with power-spectrum model of masking, it's the phenomenon where the masker produces a large neural response, making any response to the signal difficult to detect. b. Generally attributed to the mechanical interactions on the basilar membrane, it's the phenomenon where neural response can be reduced by adding a tone at a carefully chosen combination of frequency and level. 1. swamping 2. suppression

True

Probability-based models of temporal integration propose that detection is based on a single low-probability event (such as a single nerve spike), and the longer the duration of the stimulus, the more likely that this event will occur. Probability-based models of temporal integration eliminate the need for memory. Select one: True False

a. CMR tells us how auditory system integrates information over several critical bands. b. CMR works even if the co-modulated masker is presented to the contralateral ear d. Addition of multiple masker bands can increase CMR up to 16 dB f. With optimal stimulus parameters, we can measure 10-11 dB of CMR g. CMR shows bigger effect for wider masker bandwidth

Select all that apply about Co-modulation Masking Release (CMR): Select one or more: a. CMR tells us how auditory system integrates information over several critical bands. b. CMR works even if the co-modulated masker is presented to the contralateral ear c. There is a great effect of frequency on CMR in the 500 - 4000 Hz region d. Addition of multiple masker bands can increase CMR up to 16 dB e. CMR, like Profile Analysis, reflects the ability to compare spectral shapes across auditory filters f. With optimal stimulus parameters, we can measure 10-11 dB of CMR g. CMR shows bigger effect for wider masker bandwidth

e. Stanley Smith Stevens

Who originated the modern approach to scaling (and also invented short skis)? Select one: a. David Green b. Shakin' Stevens c. Walt Jesteadt d. George von Bekesy e. Stanley Smith Stevens

True

All sounds can be described as a combination of sinusoids (or sine waves), differing in frequency, amplitude and starting phase. Select one: True False

True

Another method that can be used to estimate the width of an auditory filter is a method where tones are compared to a harmonic complex (which tone was the same as a component of the complex?). The assumption is that a partial can only be "heard out" only if that partial is separated from its neighbors by a "critical band". Select one: True False

True

Auditory filter shapes change with the level because the cochlear is nonlinear. Filter shape is determined by the signal level at its output, which is contrary to how real filters work. Select one: True False

a. Minimum Audible Field (MAF) represents the absolute threshold response (binaural) for stimuli presented via a loudspeaker c. both MAP and MAF show a rapid increase in thresholds at low frequencies, and best thresholds in the "speech" frequencies, largely due to the middle ear filter characteristics d. MAF thresholds are lower than MAP thresholds due to the binaural presentation, physiological noise, and ear canal resonance. e. Minimum Audible Pressure (MAP) represents the absolute threshold response (monaural) for stimuli presented via headphones

Choose all that apply in regards to Minimum Audible Pressure (MAP) and Minimum Audible Field (MAF). Select one or more: a. Minimum Audible Field (MAF) represents the absolute threshold response (binaural) for stimuli presented via a loudspeaker b. MAP and MAF are typically plotted in dB HL as a function of frequency (Hz) c. both MAP and MAF show a rapid increase in thresholds at low frequencies, and best thresholds in the "speech" frequencies, largely due to the middle ear filter characteristics d. MAF thresholds are lower than MAP thresholds due to the binaural presentation, physiological noise, and ear canal resonance. e. Minimum Audible Pressure (MAP) represents the absolute threshold response (monaural) for stimuli presented via headphones

All are Correct! a. cochlea is tonotopically organized b. energy of high level input sounds spreads more to lower than higher frequency region (aka upward spread of masking) c. the spacing of characteristic frequency places on the basilar membrane is approximately logarithmic above 500 Hz d. there are three types auditory nerve neurons with different discharge rates of as a function of stimulus level

Choose all that apply in regards to a mammalian cochlea and auditory nerve. Select one or more: a. cochlea is tonotopically organized b. energy of high level input sounds spreads more to lower than higher frequency region (aka upward spread of masking) c. the spacing of characteristic frequency places on the basilar membrane is approximately logarithmic above 500 Hz d. there are three types auditory nerve neurons with different discharge rates of as a function of stimulus level

All are Correct! a. at places above and below the characteristic frequency, sound input must be higher to elicit a response, which grows linearly b. cochlea has been thought to be a linear system until 1970s c. basilar membrane shows high sensitivity but also very compressive (gradually growing) response at the characteristic frequency place of the input sound d. mechanical response of the basilar membrane is modulated by active input by outer hair cells

Choose all that apply in regards to a mammalian cochlea. Select one or more: a. at places above and below the characteristic frequency, sound input must be higher to elicit a response, which grows linearly b. cochlea has been thought to be a linear system until 1970s c. basilar membrane shows high sensitivity but also very compressive (gradually growing) response at the characteristic frequency place of the input sound d. mechanical response of the basilar membrane is modulated by active input by outer hair cells

a. adaptation is a phenomenon where auditory nerve firing decreases rapidly with continued stimulation b. adaptation of the auditory nerve can last seconds to minutes after long sounds c. adaptation is caused by the depletion of the transmitter substances, which is a limitation of the physiology of the system

Choose all that apply in regards to auditory nerve adaptation. Select one or more: a. adaptation is a phenomenon where auditory nerve firing decreases rapidly with continued stimulation b. adaptation of the auditory nerve can last seconds to minutes after long sounds c. adaptation is caused by the depletion of the transmitter substances, which is a limitation of the physiology of the system d. adaptation occurs when the response of a tone is masked by another tone at a neighboring frequency

a. threshold improves with increasing frequency spacing of the components c. more components typically results in better threshold (~10 components is best) d. performance improves with training e. optimal signal frequency is around 1 kHz

Choose all that apply in relation to profile analysis: Select one or more: a. threshold improves with increasing frequency spacing of the components b. it is not important for sound source segregation c. more components typically results in better threshold (~10 components is best) d. performance improves with training e. optimal signal frequency is around 1 kHz

b. measurement of the relation between sounds and sensations those sounds produce, combined with an understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Choose the best answer that defines psychological acoustics (or psychoacoustics). Select one: a. the study of anatomy and physiology of hearing b. measurement of the relation between sounds and sensations those sounds produce, combined with an understanding of the underlying mechanisms. c. the science of acoustics in architectural settings d. the neuroscience of sound

a. a phenomenon where a listener compares outputs across different auditory filters to enhance signal detection. It's like CMR, except spectral shapes rather than temporal envelope fluctuations are compared across auditory filters.

Choose the best definition for profile analysis: Select one: a. a phenomenon where a listener compares outputs across different auditory filters to enhance signal detection. It's like CMR, except spectral shapes rather than temporal envelope fluctuations are compared across auditory filters. b. a phenomenon where modulation pattern similar for all active auditory filters can be detected. c. a phenomenon where listeners compare temporal shape of the signal to enhance signal-to-noise ratio of a masker.

True

Cochlear suppression is a phenomenon where the response of the basilar membrane to one tone is reduced by a second tone at a nearby frequency. Select one: True False

a. Present a tone surrounded by two bands of noise. Change the width of the spectral gap between the bands of noise and measure the threshold of the tone. Signal (tone) threshold will get increasingly worse as more and more noise energy enters the auditory filter at which the tone is centered..... 3. Notched-noise method b. Present a tone in the presence of a narrowband noise masker (e.g., 90-Hz wide) centered at a specific frequency (e.g., 410 Hz). Measure the elevation in threshold of the tone as a function of signal frequency....... 1. Masking patterns c. Present a low-level signal (typically 10 dB SL), and hold signal frequency constant while varying frequency of the masker. Measure the masker level required to just mask the signal at each masker frequency....................2. Psychophysical tuning curves

Different types of masking experiments provide estimates of auditory filter shape. Match each description with the corresponding type of masking experiment. a. Present a tone surrounded by two bands of noise. Change the width of the spectral gap between the bands of noise and measure the threshold of the tone. Signal (tone) threshold will get increasingly worse as more and more noise energy enters the auditory filter at which the tone is centered. b. Present a tone in the presence of a narrowband noise masker (e.g., 90-Hz wide) centered at a specific frequency (e.g., 410 Hz). Measure the elevation in threshold of the tone as a function of signal frequency. c. Present a low-level signal (typically 10 dB SL), and hold signal frequency constant while varying frequency of the masker. Measure the masker level required to just mask the signal at each masker frequency. 1. Masking patterns 2. Psychophysical tuning curves 3. Notched-noise method

True

Energy-based models of temporal integration propose that for each doubling of duration (up to 200 ms) of the stimulus the threshold decreases by approximately 3 dB. Select one: True False

True

Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) is an estimate of auditory filter width. ERB psychoacoustic data and physiological data are in good agreement (psychoacoustic data are slightly lower [better]). Select one: True False

true

Fatigue can be measured as the degree of temporary threshold shift (TTS), and can last for a period of minutes to days. It is greater at half-octave frequency above the frequency of intense stimulation. It is greatest immediately after exposure, but it can be greater 2 minutes after the offset of exposure than at 1 minute after offset. TTS causes permanent damage to synapses of the auditory nerve. Select one: True False

All are correct! a. a filter with a narrow bandpass and steep skirts has a slow decay time and its output is referred to as an impulse response b. early stage of sound processing by the auditory system is roughly equivalent to band-pass filtering c. filters can be described in time or frequency domain d. filters selectively amplify/attenuate some frequencies more than other

Filters are essential in psychoacoustics research. Select one or more: (Choose all that apply.) a. a filter with a narrow bandpass and steep skirts has a slow decay time and its output is referred to as an impulse response b. early stage of sound processing by the auditory system is roughly equivalent to band-pass filtering c. filters can be described in time or frequency domain d. filters selectively amplify/attenuate some frequencies more than other

True

Information-based models of temporal integration propose multiple looks and eliminate conflict between short time constant for gap detection and long time constant for temporal integration which energy-based models fail to account for. Select one: True False

a. probe and masker overlap in time 3. simultaneous masking b. masker is followed by probe 1. Forward masking c. probe is followed by masker 2. Backward masking

Match the definitions with corresponding masking phenomena. a. probe and masker overlap in time b. masker is followed by probe c. probe is followed by masker 1. Forward masking 2. Backward masking 3. simultaneous masking

a. Long-term adaptation and fatigue following long-duration exposure to intense sound. Results in the changes in the structure of hair cells (abused by intense mechanical stimulation) 2. Temporary threshold shift b. Adaptation related to short-term processes such as depletion of neurotransmitters a inner hair cell synapses. 1. forward masking

Match each phenomenon with best description. a. Long-term adaptation and fatigue following long-duration exposure to intense sound. Results in the changes in the structure of hair cells (abused by intense mechanical stimulation) b. Adaptation related to short-term processes such as depletion of neurotransmitters a inner hair cell synapses. 1. forward masking 2. Temporary threshold shift

a. linearity: superposition: 5.output is the sum of simultaneous inputs (as if each input presented alone) b. nonlinearity: harmonic distortion: 2. distortion where partials (whole number multiples) of a sound wave frequencies are added to the input signal c. nonlinearity: peak-clipping: 1. the distortion of the signal caused by high points (peaks) of the signal being cut off d. nonlinearity: intermodulation distortion: 4. amplitude modulation of the signal containing two or more frequencies, which generates additional non-harmonic frequencies in the signal e. linearity: homogeneity: 3. change to input results in same change to output

Match each term with the best definition. a. linearity: superposition b. nonlinearity: harmonic distortion c. nonlinearity: peak-clipping d. nonlinearity: intermodulation distortion e. linearity: homogeneity 1. the distortion of the signal caused by high points (peaks) of the signal being cut off 2. distortion where partials (whole number multiples) of a sound wave frequencies are added to the input signal 3. change to input results in same change to output 4. amplitude modulation of the signal containing two or more frequencies, which generates additional non-harmonic frequencies in the signal 5. output is the sum of simultaneous inputs (as if each input presented alone)

a. a subject is asked to detect intensity increment (e.g., 50 ms) in a longer duration sinusoid or pedestal (e.g., 350 ms) 2. intensity detection b. a subject is asked to detect the presence of sinusoidal modulation (lower frequency) in a sinusoidal carrier (higher frequency) 3. amplitude modulation detection c. present two intervals differing in intensity, and ask the listener to indicate the interval with a louder tone 1. intensity discrimination

Match the best definition to each measure of intensity resolution. a. a subject is asked to detect intensity increment (e.g., 50 ms) in a longer duration sinusoid or pedestal (e.g., 350 ms) b. a subject is asked to detect the presence of sinusoidal modulation (lower frequency) in a sinusoidal carrier (higher frequency) c. present two intervals differing in intensity, and ask the listener to indicate the interval with a louder tone 1. intensity discrimination 2. intensity detection 3. amplitude modulation detection

a. Intensity of a 1000 Hz tone was used to create this scale of loudness. 4. Phon b. This a unit of an ratio-scale of loudness (equal to the loudness of a 40 dB SPL tone at 1000 Hz). When doubled, it results in the percept of the doubling of loudness. 6. Son c. Law that postulates that loudness is a log function, based on Weber's Law [i.e., L = k log(I)] 1. Fechner's law d. When a subject is asked to judge loudness of a tone and, for example, choose a string length to represent that loudness,he is participating in a ________________ experiment. 5. Magnitude estimation e. When a subject adjusts loudness of a tone to match it to a specific value, he is participating in a __________________ experiment. 2. Magnitude production f. Law that postulates that loudness is not a log function, but a power function (i.e., L = k I0.3) 3. Steven's power law

Match the best definition/description with each item a. Intensity of a 1000 Hz tone was used to create this scale of loudness. b. This a unit of an ratio-scale of loudness (equal to the loudness of a 40 dB SPL tone at 1000 Hz). When doubled, it results in the percept of the doubling of loudness. c. Law that postulates that loudness is a log function, based on Weber's Law [i.e., L = k log(I)] d. When a subject is asked to judge loudness of a tone and, for example, choose a string length to represent that loudness,he is participating in a ________________ experiment. e. When a subject adjusts loudness of a tone to match it to a specific value, he is participating in a __________________ experiment. f. Law that postulates that loudness is not a log function, but a power function (i.e., L = k I0.3) 1. Fechner's law 2. Magnitude production 3. Steven's power law 4. Phon 5. Magnitude estimation 6. Son

a. This model postulates that, with no signal, modulation pattern is similar for all active auditory filters. With signal, modulation pattern for signal and masker is changed. Signal is detected by the disparity of modulation patterns across across different auditory filters. 2. Comparison of envelope modulation patterns across auditory filters" model b. This model postulates that we use envelope fluctuations to optimize signal-to-noise ratio for detection. Specifically, we use those envelope fluctuations from auditory filters off-frequency from signal to glimpse into dips of the masker envelope of on-frequency masker auditory filter. 1. Dip-listening model

Match the best description to appropriate model of CMR. a. This model postulates that, with no signal, modulation pattern is similar for all active auditory filters. With signal, modulation pattern for signal and masker is changed. Signal is detected by the disparity of modulation patterns across across different auditory filters. b. This model postulates that we use envelope fluctuations to optimize signal-to-noise ratio for detection. Specifically, we use those envelope fluctuations from auditory filters off-frequency from signal to glimpse into dips of the masker envelope of on-frequency masker auditory filter. 1. Dip-listening model 2. Comparison of envelope modulation patterns across auditory filters" model

Select one: True

Phon scale of loudness is an example of the ordinal scale, where exact distance between points is unknown. Hence, doubling the phons does not result in loudness doubling. Select one: True False

a. masker and probe are typically the same frequency b. it is caused by "ringing" of the basilar membrane at very low frequencies c. often quantified as a function of signal delay (time between masker offset and probe onset) e. it decays over time (to 0 dB masking by 200 ms) f. it shows greatest effect when probe onset is closest to masker offset g. growth of masking is more gradual at longer probe delays h. it increases with masker duration

Select all that apply in reference to forward masking: Select one or more: a. masker and probe are typically the same frequency b. it is caused by "ringing" of the basilar membrane at very low frequencies c. often quantified as a function of signal delay (time between masker offset and probe onset) d. it is usually measured using short maskers (20 ms) and long tones as probe e. it decays over time (to 0 dB masking by 200 ms) f. it shows greatest effect when probe onset is closest to masker offset g. growth of masking is more gradual at longer probe delays h. it increases with masker duration

a. their phases are adjusted to produce a flat envelope b. negative Schroeder-phase maskers are more effective than positive ones in subjects with normal hearing c. they are complex tones with many harmonics of a 100-Hz fundamental e. presumably because of their less effective listening in the dips in subjects with cochlear losses, the effect of phase in a Schroeder-phase stimulus is smaller than in normal hearing subjects f. although positive and negative Schroeder-phase stimuli do not look very different, they produced very distinct patterns on the basilar membrane

Select all that apply to Schroeder-phase stimuli: Select one or more: a. their phases are adjusted to produce a flat envelope b. negative Schroeder-phase maskers are more effective than positive ones in subjects with normal hearing c. they are complex tones with many harmonics of a 100-Hz fundamental d. they are produced by modulating the amplitude of one frequency by a lower frequency e. presumably because of their less effective listening in the dips in subjects with cochlear losses, the effect of phase in a Schroeder-phase stimulus is smaller than in normal hearing subjects f. although positive and negative Schroeder-phase stimuli do not look very different, they produced very distinct patterns on the basilar membrane

b. it is the band of frequencies in a noise that contributes to the masking of a tone presented in the noise c. it reflects the properties of the basilar membrane d. different points on the basilar membrane can be viewed as (auditory) filters with different center frequencies e. its width increases with increasing frequenc

Select all that apply to critical band: Select one or more: a. it is approximately 22% wide at high frequencies b. it is the band of frequencies in a noise that contributes to the masking of a tone presented in the noise c. it reflects the properties of the basilar membrane d. different points on the basilar membrane can be viewed as (auditory) filters with different center frequencies e. its width increases with increasing frequency f. its width decreases with increasing frequency

a. there is greater susceptibility to masking and poorer speech perception in noise b. frequency selectivity is reduced c. auditory filters are broader d. we cannot separate abnormal selectivity from abnormal growth of response due to high signal levels e. psychophysical tuning curves are shallower and missing tip regions

Select all that apply to ears with cochlear hearing loss. Select one or more: a. there is greater susceptibility to masking and poorer speech perception in noise b. frequency selectivity is reduced c. auditory filters are broader d. we cannot separate abnormal selectivity from abnormal growth of response due to high signal levels e. psychophysical tuning curves are shallower and missing tip regions

a. they are intended to provide a summary of what would occur in a masking pattern experiment in the absence of off-frequency listening b. they are derived by calculating the outputs of the auditory filters as a function of frequency d. they were developed to show the effect of a single narrowband masker across a range of frequencies (different auditory filters) f. you can think of them as a model of masking patterns based on data from noise-notched filter experiments

Select all that apply to excitation patterns: Select one or more: a. they are intended to provide a summary of what would occur in a masking pattern experiment in the absence of off-frequency listening b. they are derived by calculating the outputs of the auditory filters as a function of frequency c. they were discovered by Gustav Fechner d. they were developed to show the effect of a single narrowband masker across a range of frequencies (different auditory filters) e. they represent output from lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus f. you can think of them as a model of masking patterns based on data from noise-notched filter experiments

a. it reflects frequency resolving power of basilar membrane c. it can be defined as the ability to resolve sinusoidal components in a complex sound d. it can also be called frequency resolution or frequency analysis f. it is important for masking and pitch perception

Select all that apply to frequency selectivity: Select one or more: a. it reflects frequency resolving power of basilar membrane b. it is another term for "temporal integration" c. it can be defined as the ability to resolve sinusoidal components in a complex sound d. it can also be called frequency resolution or frequency analysis e. it is virtually the same in normal and impaired ears f. it is important for masking and pitch perception

a. for tones in quiet, intensity discrimination is good over 100 dB range, and better at high levels than low levels - spread of excitation can account for improvement at high levels b. phase locking of single neurons can provide information concerning changes in intensity c. for tones in noise, intensity discrimination does not improve at high levels d. the intensity just noticeable difference (JND) is less than 2 dB over a wide range of intensities

Select all that apply to intensity resolution. Select one or more: a. for tones in quiet, intensity discrimination is good over 100 dB range, and better at high levels than low levels - spread of excitation can account for improvement at high levels b. phase locking of single neurons can provide information concerning changes in intensity c. for tones in noise, intensity discrimination does not improve at high levels d. the intensity just noticeable difference (JND) is less than 2 dB over a wide range of intensities

a. it is a steeper than normal growth of loudness with increasing stimulus level b. the rate of loudness growth increases with increasing audiometric threshold c. it can be measured as the difference in loudness growth between a normally-hearing ear and ear with a cochlear hearing loss

Select all that apply to loudness recruitment: Select one or more: a. it is a steeper than normal growth of loudness with increasing stimulus level b. the rate of loudness growth increases with increasing audiometric threshold c. it can be measured as the difference in loudness growth between a normally-hearing ear and ear with a cochlear hearing loss d. steeper functions of loudness growth typically lead to better intensity discrimination

b. in masking, we generally call the sound we measure the signal (or stimulus) and the other one the masker d. it is a process where the threshold of audibility of one sound gets worse by the presence of another sound e. masking can bu used as a measure of frequency selectivity

Select all that apply to masking: Select one or more: a. it is another term for "temporal integration" b. in masking, we generally call the sound we measure the signal (or stimulus) and the other one the masker c. masking is not frequency selective d. it is a process where the threshold of audibility of one sound gets worse by the presence of another sound e. masking can bu used as a measure of frequency selectivity f. it always occurs simultaneously and only at the exact same frequency as the signal

a. they typically provide information on how well subject may hear, assuming perfect use of information in neural responses d. they are based on a composite of physiological and psychoacoustic data f. typically they focus on one aspect of neural responses, such as the timing of neural responses or the number of the responses [neural counting models]

Select all that apply to neural models of hearing: Select one or more: a. they typically provide information on how well subject may hear, assuming perfect use of information in neural responses b. they primarily model the function of outer and middle ear c. neural models are easy to reject or disprove d. they are based on a composite of physiological and psychoacoustic data e. neural models of hearing are equivalent to power-spectrum models of masking f. typically they focus on one aspect of neural responses, such as the timing of neural responses or the number of the responses [neural counting models]

a. it is a phenomenon where a simultaneous spectrally overlapping masker that starts 200ms prior to signal onset results in a 10 dB improvement in threshold for detection of that tone, relative to when the noise and tone were turned on together b. this effect is greatest for a broadband noise masker at a moderate level, and the signal of a relatively high frequency c. this effect is reduced by cochlear loss and/or aspirin intake f. it could be an active mechanism influenced by the efferent system

Select all that apply to overshoot: Select one or more: a. it is a phenomenon where a simultaneous spectrally overlapping masker that starts 200ms prior to signal onset results in a 10 dB improvement in threshold for detection of that tone, relative to when the noise and tone were turned on together b. this effect is greatest for a broadband noise masker at a moderate level, and the signal of a relatively high frequency c. this effect is reduced by cochlear loss and/or aspirin intake d. is another term for excitation patterns e. is another term for backward masking f. it could be an active mechanism influenced by the efferent system

a. energy within critical band is summed and then converted to loudness c. spreading the same amount of energy across critical bands causes loudness to increase f. tones and narrow bands of noise that are equal in energy are equally loud g. total loudness of broadband stimuli that spread over multiple critical bands is determined by the sum of loudness values of the individual critical bands h. in a broadband stimulus complex that spans multiple critical bands, lowest and highest frequency components receive more perceptual weight than those in the middle.

Select all that are true about loudness: Select one or more: a. energy within critical band is summed and then converted to loudness b. narrowband (single critical band) and broadband (multiple critical bands) sounds of equal energy per critical band will sound equally loud to most listeners c. spreading the same amount of energy across critical bands causes loudness to increase d. in a broadband complex of tones, all tones make equal contributions of loudness e. loudness is a physical measure, one we can quantify using a sound level meter f. tones and narrow bands of noise that are equal in energy are equally loud g. total loudness of broadband stimuli that spread over multiple critical bands is determined by the sum of loudness values of the individual critical bands h. in a broadband stimulus complex that spans multiple critical bands, lowest and highest frequency components receive more perceptual weight than those in the middle.

b. longer duration tones are generally perceived as louder (up to 200-300 ms) c. a 5 ms tone requires higher stimulus level (dB SPL) to elicit loudness equivalent to that of a 200 ms tone, but they show very similar rate of loudness growth

Select all that are true about loudness: Select one or more: a. loudness increases with increasing tone duration, but only for tones longer than 1000 ms b. longer duration tones are generally perceived as louder (up to 200-300 ms) c. a 5 ms tone requires higher stimulus level (dB SPL) to elicit loudness equivalent to that of a 200 ms tone, but they show very similar rate of loudness growth d. a tone of 5 ms duration at 50 dB SPL will be judged as having loudness identical to a tone of 200 ms presented at the same sound pressure level

True

Short tones have more energy at other frequencies than long tones. This "energy splatter" problem can only be reduced but not completely eliminated. Select one: True False

a. time domain d. frequency domain

Sounds can be represented in either of the two of the following domains Select one or more: a. time domain b. pressure domain c. voltage domain d. frequency domain

True

Temporal integration is a phenomenon where absolute threshold improves with increasing stimulus duration (up to 200 - 300 ms). Select one: True False

a. An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing by Brian C.J. Moore

The course book that we'll be using for this class is: Select one: a. An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing by Brian C.J. Moore b. the science of acoustics in architectural settings c. Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics by Stanley A. Gelfand d. From Sound to Synapse: Physiology of the Mammalian Ear by C. Daniel Geisler

True

There are two basic types of psychophysical measurement: 1) threshold, 2) scaling. Select one: True False

d. forward masking

We measure the phenomenon called suppression using (choose the best answer): Select one: a. noise-notched masker b. on-frequency masker c. simultaneous masking d. forward masking e. backward masking

All are correct! a. the knowledge audiologists obtain through psychoacoustics can help with patient counseling b. audiologists can learn about how hearing works using psychoacoustic methods c. audiologists use psychoacoustic methods in their practice d. audiologists learn about the relationship between perception of simple sounds (like pure tones) and complex sounds (like speech)

Why do audiologists study psychoacoustics. Select one or more: (choose all that apply) a. the knowledge audiologists obtain through psychoacoustics can help with patient counseling b. audiologists can learn about how hearing works using psychoacoustic methods c. audiologists use psychoacoustic methods in their practice d. audiologists learn about the relationship between perception of simple sounds (like pure tones) and complex sounds (like speech)