Chapter 1
Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutrition information
. Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers
When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor
How many researchers were involved in the study
Double Blind Study
Neither subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment
homeostasis.
Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called:
Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals
Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is
a phytochemical.
One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to
choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups.
ating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on
cultural and family background
consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet
eating foods that have been minimal processed,consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided,limiting added fats and sugars.
Under-nutrition does not include:
eating too much saturated fat
balance study.
omparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted
What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory
A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning
Nutrient density
A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content
adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if
an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements
A processed food is defined as
any food that has been changed from its natural state
Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an):
epidemiological study
The energy provided by foods is measured in
kilocalories
The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is
make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory
The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called
nutrigenomics
Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a
placebo.
Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.
provide more kcalories contain fewer nutrients be higher in fat, sugar, or salt
The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to
selecting appropriate portion sizes.
Single blind Study
subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do
Case control study
that compares patients who have a disease or outcome of interest (cases) with patients who do not have the disease or outcome (controls), and looks back retrospectively to compare how frequently the exposure to a risk factor is present in each group to determine the relationship between the risk factor
Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on
the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results